Bauxite and alumina: trends and prospects

During the past 25 years the bauxite and alumina industry has grown threefold creating major change in the industry structure and reducing the dominance of the majors. Australia has emerged as the leading producer with a major third party alumina market developed principally by Alcoa of Australia. Future growth while, less dramatic, is likely to be substantial requiring US$50 billion to fund new projects which will be concentrated in developing countries with large bauxite reserves and developed infrastructure.     

Policy quandary: the Canadian nickel industry in recession

The world nickel industry has been in an almost continuous state of recession since 1975. Major Canadian nickel producers have reported losses in recent years, although these have largely been due to losses from lateritic operations and other ventures, and detrimental pricing policies that have been adopted in recent years. Despite this slump, however, Canada's rich sources of nickel put the country in a good position to profit from an upturn in the nickel industry. With certain safeguards a nickel study group is seen as a useful approach to the difficult situation faced by policymakers.     

发展我国环保产业应对措施的探讨

针对我国环保产业发展中存在的问题,提出应对措施:1.健全完善环保法律体系,强化执法力度;2.培育环保市场,促进环保产业的有序竞争;3.转变政府职能,建立新型环保产业管理体制;4.实现环保企业结构性恢复;5.在产业结构和布局上提高资源配置效率,避免重复建设;6.建立适应市场经济的发展机制;7.推进环保企业规模化经营;8.环保融资多元化.     

发展中国西部的生态旅游业

生态旅游作为“保护生态”和“发展经济”双赢理念的新兴旅游类型,被西部各省(区、市)所关注并将其定为本地区发展的主导产业.通过对西部地区的生态旅游资源优缺点、市场定位、产品转化及空间布局的分析,初步勾画了西部生态旅游业的发展前景,并提出相应地发展策略.     

我国环保产业发展中存在问题及应对措施

文章分析论述了我国环保产业发展中存在的诸如：规模小，技术开发能力薄弱；产业分布范围广，结构不合理，市场混乱等问题。针对此类问题提出建设性意见及应对措施。     

Supporting major new nickel developments: can Western Australia do it again?

As with several other metals, the recession of the early 1990s combined with events in the former Soviet Union, placed major strains on the world nickel market and made the operation of several established mines uneconomic. The subsequent world economic recovery, combined with the emergence of new mining and processing technologies, seems at face value to have opened the way for new and expanded nickel mines in Western Australia to expand their share of world production. Against the background of an established oligopolistic market structure and major nickel finds elsewhere, this study assesses the likelihood of major new nickel developments taking place.     

我国电除尘行业2010年发展综述

综述了2010年我国电除尘行业的发展环境和行业经营状况;介绍了电除尘行业总体技术进展以及新技术的开发应用情况;分析了2010年行业市场的特点及动态;针对行业发展中存在的问题提出了建议,并对行业的发展进行了展望。     

The availability of primary nickel from the market economy countries

The US Bureau of Mines has determined the potential availability of nickel from 36 deposits or districts in 16 market economy countries (MECs). More than 95% of production in MECs was analysed. The study indicates the quantity of nickel available in resources and potential annual production at net production costs and on a total cost basis with a 0% and a 10% discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFROR). The properties included in this study contain approximately 33 million tonnes of recoverable nickel. About 26 million tonnes of nickel is potentially recoverable from nickel laterite deposits, of which 4.5 million tonnes can be produced at $2.50/lb or less with a 0% DCFROR. Approximately 7 million tonnes of nickel is potentially recoverable from nickel sulphide deposits of which about 6.3 million tonnes could be produced at $2.50/lb or less at a 0% DCFROR. Sensitivity studies indicate that the total cost of producing nickel from laterite deposits is most sensitive to increases in energy costs, and that the total costs of producing nickel from sulphide deposits is most sensitive to increases in labour costs and by changes in byproduct revenues.     

中国环境服务业的SCP范式分析

环境服务业在环保产业中占据重要位置,环境服务业健康有序发展是"十三五"工作的重点之一。应用SCP范式,从市场结构、市场行为和市场绩效等层面分析环境服务业发展现状,总结环境服务业特点及问题,主要包括:企业普遍规模偏小,盈利水平不高,市场集中度较低;产品差异化程度低,技术和产品还具有较大的提升空间;政策、贸易等存在壁垒,产业发展受到一定制约等。最终根据分析结果及存在的问题,从制度、市场、模式、贸易等层面提出环境服务业优化建议。     

拓展国内旅游市场的初步研究

运用宏观分析和比较分析的方法,作者揭示了我国国内旅游业发展的基本特点以及存在的问题,并从人口、购买力、旅游动机、旅游权利等方面深入探讨了拓展国内旅游市场的可能性,提出了大力发展国内旅游业的基本思路。     

政府须采取有效政策措施促进环保产业发展

本文提出我国是一个发展中国家,环保产业发展滞后,政府应采取有效措施,在促进环保产业发展中发挥积极作用,提高我国环保产业的国际竞争力,促进环保产业的发展。     

我国机动车污染防治行业2009年发展综述

综述了2009年我国机动车污染防治行业的发展环境及市场特点、主要(骨干)企业发展情况,分析了2009年行业发展中存在的主要问题,提出了解决对策和建议,并对行业的发展进行了展望。     

International renegotiations: the case of the Dominican Republic and Falconbridge

In 1969, Falconbridge Ltd agreed to expand greatly the facilities operated by its subsidiary in the Dominican Republic. Over the succeeding years, the company mined, processed and exported a large proportion of the country's nickel reserves. Due to worldwide market conditions, however, the company made losses rather than profits, and the Dominican government received little financial benefit from the company's operations. Matters came to a head in November 1987 when President Balaguer of the Dominican Republic unilaterally imposed taxes on company imports and exports. This action was significant because under a long-standing agreement with the Dominican government, Falconbridge was only obligated to pay income taxes and had an exemption in perpetuity from all other taxes. When the company refused to pay the new taxes, the government began to curtail nickel exports. Meanwhile, on world markets, the price of nickel soared. This paper briefly describes how the world nickel market has evolved, and then focuses attention on the relationship between Falconbridge and the Dominican Republic. It outlines the issues that arose, describes the renegotiation process itself and analyses how matters were resolved.     

The Asia-Pacific petroleum market

The late 1980s saw an astonishing turnaround in the Asian oil market. After years of stagnation, three main factors - economic dynamism, lower oil prices and reduced government regulation of the market - resulted in a consumption surge that surprised even those analysts who had predicted such a recovery. The chronically capacity-surplus refining industry saw a leap in profitability, and new construction began. Rapid demand growth spread from the middle distillates to such formerly depressed products as gasoline and fuel oil, and naphtha markets began to expand again as the petrochemical industry resumed rapid growth. At the same time that demand has been rising and demand patterns have been shifting, other changes have begun. A new environmental awareness has taken root in Asia, and new environmental standards are being set almost daily, not only in the richer countries of East Asia, but also in many of the region's developing nations. Unfortunately, traditional sources of low-sulphur oil for power generation may be limited in the coming decade. Despite many new discoveries within the region, Asian crude availability is shrinking, both in terms of availability on the international market and in terms of percentage contribution to regional oil demand. After years of decreasing reliance, the region will face rapid increases in imports from the Persian Gulf in the 1990s.     

Trials and Tribulations of Third World Petroleum Development: Lessons and Advice for Prospective Producers

This paper presents a variety of lessons for governments of developing countries about how to begin to operate as new oil producers in the world petroleum market. Lessons, drawn from the recent experiences of currently producing LDCs, are identified for each stage of the industry from exploration and development through procurement and supply to refining and marketing.     

Current and emerging technologies for extending the lifetime of electroless nickel plating baths

The waste treatment and rejuvenation of spent electroless nickel baths has attracted a considerable amount of interest from electroplating shops, electroless nickel suppliers, universities and regulatory agencies due to the finite life of the baths and the associated waste that the process generates. It is generally accepted that the recycling of electroless nickel solutions is one of the most important challenges facing the electroless nickel-plating industry today. This review presents an overview of the existing and emerging technologies for extending the life of electroless nickel baths. The electroless nickel bath regenerative technologies are appraised from the standpoint of removal of harmful bath components, loss of valuable bath components, cost-effectiveness, secondary waste generation and ease of implementation. The review draws upon an array of academic papers, industrial/company reports, conference proceedings and patents in order to allow the reader to evaluate and compare the different technologies and options for extending the life of electroless nickel-plating solutions.     

新疆牧草生产现状、市场分析与产业化途径

草业在国民经济和生态环境中具有重要的地位和作用。新疆草产业在技术水平、资金投入、经营方式与理念上,与兄弟行业相比都存在着较大差距,与兄弟省区和发达国家比较,差距更加明显。草产业的发展必须融入市场、必须走产业化道路。草业要提升发展层次,适应自治区发展现代畜牧业的新势头,应当强化草业行政管理;加大财政支持力度;制定优惠政策、扶持龙头企业;建立农牧民自己的合作组织;提高草业生产的科技含量,重视优良牧草种子的生产和推广。     

关于城市垃圾出路的思考

本文通过对城市垃圾现象的关注,揭示出城市垃圾其实是一种宝贵的资源,并结合国内外的研究成果指出了城市垃圾资源化是解决城市垃圾出路的重要途径。最后,对由此衍生出的“垃圾产业”进行了展望,并指出城市垃圾处理产业必须从市场经济的大背景来考虑其发展战略,逐步使城市垃圾处理走向市场化、社会化。     

Nature of property rights and motivation for blue growth: An empirical evidence from the fisheries industry

If unauthorized resource use is prevented, managing marine resources by allocating property rights may match economic and environmental conservation incentives. However, because of the developing exploitation of marine resources and accompanying pollution, species' living conditions in Europe's waters are changing more quickly than before. By considering the roles of fisheries productivity, intellectual property rights, intellectual capital rights, market size, governance, and economic growth from 1990 to 2022, this paper aims to investigate the dynamic effect of property rights factors on the sustainability of the fisheries industry in 27 European countries. At higher quantiles, the findings showed a significant positive association between governance and fisheries sustainability adopting a new method, the MMQR with fixed effects, the Method of Moments Quantile Regression. In addition, in EU27 nations, the impact of intellectual property rights was favorable and statistically significant from the first to ninth quantiles. The findings show that the EU14 developed nations have more excellent governance and intellectual capital rights than the EU13 developing countries, significantly benefiting fisheries sustainability. In the same way that market size and economic growth condense fisheries sustainability in EU14 developed and EU13 developing countries, it has been discovered that intellectual property rights do the same across all quantiles, supporting the growth hypothesis for fisheries-producing countries. The findings specifically show that the beneficial solid impact of intellectual property rights, market size, and economic development on the sustainability of fisheries is more significant in EU13 developing nations than in EU14 developed countries. These results provide policymakers with helpful information for promoting property rights aspects in EU14 and EU13 nations via effective green technologies in the fisheries sector to meet sustainable development objectives.     

云南虹鳟鱼的产业化发展前景

分析了国内外虹鳟鱼的发展状况，以及云南虹鳟鱼的产业化前景，提出了相应的发展对策。