Dechlorination of chlorophenols by zero valent iron impregnated silica

Laboratory studies were conducted to find out the efficacy of uniquely prepared zero valent iron impregnated silica in transforming xenobiotic chlorophenols namely 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol. Continuous mode column experiments were performed to investigate the transformation of chlorophenols by varying pH, column height, flow rate and initial chlorophenol concentration. Reusability study of the zero valent iron impregnated silica was studied as well as the morphological changes and the chemical composition of the catalyst medium were also investigated. Dechlorination kinetic studies were conducted and the order of dechlorination of chlorophenols was found to be 2,4,6-trichlorophenol > 2,4-dichlorophenol > 4-chlorophenol. The optimum pH, column height and flow rate were found to be 7, 20 cm and 0.75 L/hr respectively for all chlorophenols in the reaction duration of 4 hr. Intermediates formed during dechlorination study were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy analysis. This method was applied to real pulp and paper wastewater and was found satisfactory.     

包覆型纳米零价铁活化过硫酸处理柴油污染土壤

采用Tween-20作为包覆材料对纳米零价铁(n ZVI)进行改性(T-n ZVI),并利用T-n ZVI活化过硫酸盐(PS)降解柴油,同时与未改性纳米零价铁活化过硫酸盐体系(n ZVI/PS)进行对比.结果显示,在n ZVI/PS体系中,柴油降解率随着n ZVI及PS用量的增加而增加.在T-n ZVI/PS体系中,反应90 d后,柴油最大降解率为78%.与n ZVI/PS体系相比,T-n ZVI/PS体系所有组别的柴油降解率均有所提升,但提升幅度不大.同时对T-n ZVI活化PS的机理进行了推测.     

A porous biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron material highly efficient for the simultaneous remediation of cadmium and lead contaminated soil

Risk associated with heavy metals in soil has been received widespread attention.In this study,a porous biochar supported nanoscale zero-valent iron（BC-nZVI） was applied to immobilize cadmium（Cd） and lead（Pb） in clayey soil.Experiment results indicated that the immobilization of Cd or Pb by BC-nZVI process was better than that of BC or nZVI process,and about 80% of heavy metals immobilization was obtained in BC-nZVI process.Addition of BC-nZVI could increase soil pH and organic matter（SOM）.Cd or...     

氧化石墨烯负载零价纳米铁吸附水中环丙沙星的研究

通过溶液还原法制备了氧化石墨烯负载零价纳米铁NZVI16-GO1(F16G1),并将其用于水中环丙沙星的去除.同时,采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和热重分析仪(TG)等手段表征了F16G1的结构、化学组成和微观形貌.结果发现,F16G1对水中环丙沙星具有良好的吸附性能;氧化石墨烯的引入可以有效降低零价纳米铁的自身团聚;F16G1与环丙沙星的吸附作用很大程度上受静电引力的影响.实验同时考察了p H值、反应时间、初始浓度、投加量等因素对F16G1吸附环丙沙星的影响.结果表明,在p H=4~5之间,溶液的p H值对吸附量没有明显影响;F16G1对环丙沙星的最大吸附量是656.66 mg·g-1;Langmuir等温吸附模型可以用来描述吸附平衡过程.零价纳米铁的磁性使复合材料便于回收.     

微电流对零价铁还原Cr(Ⅵ)过程中去钝化作用研究

为解决零价铁(ZVI)作为渗透反应格栅(PRB)反应介质处理六价铬〔Cr(Ⅵ)〕时产生钝化导致处理效率低的问题,提出了在反应介质上施加低直流电压,产生微电流去钝化的措施。通过PRB柱流动模拟试验,以粒径为0.15~0.35 mm的工业铁粉为反应介质,施加不同低电压,分析ZVI去除Cr(Ⅵ)的效果。结果表明:当Cr(Ⅵ)去除率达到60%时,施加1、3、7 V电压的试验组对应的出水体积分别是对照组的1.42、1.88和2.75倍;微电流可以在一定程度上解决ZVI的钝化问题,提高ZVI的利用效率,施加电压增大,ZVI的利用效率逐渐增高;施加电压产生的微电流对Cr(Ⅲ)沉淀影响不大,会对Fe(Ⅱ)或Fe(Ⅲ)的沉淀物产生影响。     

Steady performance of a zero valent iron packed anaerobic reactor for azo dye wastewater treatment under variable influent quality

Zero valent iron (ZVI) is expected to help create an enhanced anaerobic environment that might improve the performance of anaerobic treatment. Based on this idea, a novel ZVI packed upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (ZVI-UASB) reactor was developed to treat azo dye wastewater with variable influent quality. The results showed that the reactor was less influenced by increases of Reactive Brilliant Red X-3B concentration from 50 to 1000 mg/L and chemical oxygen demand (COD) from 1000 to 7000 mg/L in the feed than a reference UASB reactor without the ZVI. The ZVI decreased oxidation-reduction potential in the reactor by about 80 mV. Iron ion dissolution from the ZVI could buffer acidity in the reactor, the amount of which was related to the COD concentration. Fluorescence in situ hybridization test showed the abundance of methanogens in the sludge of the ZVI-UASB reactor was significantly greater than that of the reference one. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis showed that the ZVI increased the diversity of microbial strains responsible for high efficiency.     

地下水中阴离子对球磨零价铁除砷影响

研究了不同浓度下几种阴离子（NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、H₂PO₄^-、SiO₃^2-）对球磨零价铁（BZVI）除砷规律的影响,探讨了上述阴离子对BZVI氧化As（Ⅲ）能力的影响,三价砷及五价砷的转化机制,及BZVI腐蚀产物.研究证实,不同浓度的NO₃^-和SO₄^2-对砷去除效率影响不显著,但是随着H₂PO₄^-和SiO₃^2-浓度升高,溶液中As（V）分别由25.1%上升到83.6%和下降到3.8%;通过SEM和拉曼光谱分析发现,H₂PO₄^-促进BZVI的腐蚀,导致As（Ⅲ）氧化能力增强;而铁表面形成二氧化硅聚合物或非晶固相则是SiO₃^2-降低BZVI对砷氧化和吸附能力的主要机制.     

生物炭负载纳米零价铁去除废水中重金属的研究进展

纳米零价铁（nZVI）因比表面积大、反应活性高及独特的核壳结构,在去除水中重金属方面具有良好的应用前景。但nZVI自身存在易团聚、易氧化失活等缺点,使其工业推广和应用受到限制。将nZVI负载于生物炭（BC）制备生物炭负载型纳米零价铁（nZVI@BC）复合材料可在一定程度上克服nZVI的缺点,提高nZVI与重金属的反应活性。综述了nZVI@BC去除水中重金属的研究现状,着重介绍了不同BC材料用于nZVI@BC的制备、BC的改性及nZVI的修饰对nZVI@BC去除重金属性能的影响,阐述了nZVI@BC去除几种典型重金属的反应机理,并对nZVI@BC应用于水中重金属去除的发展前景进行了展望。

     

改性生物炭负载纳米零价铁去除水体中头孢噻肟

抗生素对环境的危害已经引起了人们的广泛重视.本实验以改性生物炭(MB)为载体制备了负载纳米零价铁的功能生物炭(Fe/MB).以头孢噻肟(CFX)为目标抗生素,研究了该材料对头孢噻肟的降解特性及影响因素,并探讨了去除机理.实验结果表明,50 min内头孢噻肟的去除率为92%(Fe/MB用量为0.4 g·L~(-1),溶液p H=5.0,头孢噻肟浓度为20 mg·L~(-1),振荡速率为200 r·min~(-1),柠檬酸浓度为1.47 mmol·L~(-1)).头孢噻肟的去除过程存在改性生物炭的吸附和纳米零价铁还原降解的协同作用,数据符合伪二级反应动力学方程(R20.99).采用紫外可见光谱结合质谱分析了降解产物的结构并提出头孢噻肟的降解途径.     

剩余污泥微波-淘洗及零价铁强化发酵性能

为解决微波预处理高含固率污泥存在碳源溶出率低和释放的碳源有效性低的问题,本文选用淘洗的方法,同时将零价铁(ZVI)添加到淘洗污泥的混合液和上清液中进行厌氧发酵以强化碳源的有效性.结果表明,淘洗显著提升了微波预处理高含固率(TS=11％～17％)污泥的碳溶出率,水淘和碱淘较未淘洗时碳源溶出率分别提高了13％～68％、14...     

零价铁与磁铁矿促进半干式猪粪厌氧产甲烷的效能与机理研究

本实验探究了相同剂量（5 g·L^-1）的零价铁、磁铁矿和两者的混合物对半干式猪粪厌氧消化过程的影响,重点揭示了零价铁和磁铁矿对甲烷生产的协同促进效能与机理.结果表明,与无添加剂的对照组相比,零价铁、磁铁矿和混合添加剂分别使系统的甲烷产量提高了32.8%、21.8%和35.1%.与单独添加零价铁或磁铁矿相比,混合添加剂对产甲烷的提升效果更佳.零价铁与磁铁矿对厌氧消化的协同促进效应体现在以下4个方面：①能更好地维持低氢气分压环境,推动产甲烷种间电子传递;②可使反应器的总碱度维持在相对较高的水平,提高系统缓冲 能力;③能增加厌氧体系中溶解性铁离子浓度,进一步提高厌氧微生物的活性;④同时富集能够介导种间氢传递和种间直接电子传递的细菌和古菌,提高有机底物转化为甲烷的效率.     

蔗糖改性纳米铁原位反应带对硝基苯污染的模拟修复研究

在一维模拟装置中创建改性纳米铁原位反应带,研究反应带对硝基苯污染的修复情况,并通过反应带渗透性变化对其可持续修复能力进行评估.模拟试验结果表明:不同条件下硝基苯的去除率为45%~80%;反应带渗透性变化过程按时间分为3个阶段,分别是0~10d的快速下降期、10~30d的缓慢下降期和30~60d的稳定期,平均下降了53.2%,堵塞现象未发生,反应带可持续修复能力较好.较大的介质粒径和浆液浓度使污染物降解效率增加,硝基苯去除率可分别提高23.7%和13.7%;较高的地下水流速和污染物浓度不利于污染物的去除,硝基苯去除率均下降约46.8%.各反应带中实际参与反应的铁与硝基苯的物质的量比值分别为11.2、17.9、12.6、3.3和25.7,改性纳米铁颗粒的实际利用率较低,实际应用中浆液需要过量注入.     

Graphene-supported nanoscale zero-valent iron：Removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution and mechanistic study

Excess phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is one of the key factors causing eutrophication in many lakes in China,so finding a cost-effective method to remove phosphorus from non-point pollution sources is very important for the health of the aqueous environment. Graphene was selected to support nanoscale zero-valent iron(nZVI)for phosphorus removal from synthetic rainwater runoff in this article. Compared with nZVI supported on other porous materials,graphene-supported nZVI(G-nZVI) could remove phosphorus more efficiently. The amount of nZVI in G-nZVI was an important factor in the removal of phosphorus by G-nZVI,and G-nZVI with 20 wt.% nZVI(20% G-nZVI)could remove phosphorus most efficiently. The nZVI was very stable and could disperse very well on graphene,as characterized by transmission electron microscopy(TEM) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to elucidate the reaction process,and the results indicated that Fe-O-P was formed after phosphorus was adsorbed by G-nZVI. The results obtained from X-ray diffraction(XRD) indicated that the reaction product between nZVI supported on graphene and phosphorus was Fe3(PO4)2·8H2O(Vivianite). It was confirmed that the specific reaction mechanism for the removal of phosphorus with nZVI or G-nZVI was mainly due to chemical reaction between nZVI and phosphorus.     

活性炭/纳米零价铁复合吸附剂的制备及对砷的去除应用

纳米零价铁在重金属去除领域应用前景广阔。为了大批量、低成本地制备纳米零价铁,本文采用电化学还原法在粒状活性炭表面电沉积纳米零价铁,通过X射线衍射分析对产物的结构进行了表征,并初步探讨了制备的纳米零价铁/活性炭复合吸附剂对模拟地下水中As(III)的去除效果。结果表明,通过自行设计的电沉积装置,成功地在颗粒活性炭上沉积了纳米零价铁颗粒。制备的活性炭/纳米零价铁复合吸附剂对模拟地下水中As(III)的去除效果良好。电化学沉积法制备纳米零价铁,技术可行,成本低廉,在重金属去除领域具有较大的应用潜力。     

Quantification of changes in zero valent iron morphology using X-ray computed tomography

Morphological changes within the porous architecture of laboratory scale zero valent iron （ZVI） permeable reactive barriers （PRBs）, after exposure to different groundwater conditions, have been quantified experimentally for different ZVI/sand ratios （10%, 50% and 100%, W/W） with the aim of inferring porosity changes in field barriers. Column studies were conducted to simulate interaction with different water chemistries, a synthetic groundwater, acidic drainage and deionised （DI） water as control. Morphological changes, in terms of pore size and distribution, were measured using X-ray computed tomography （CT）. CT image analysis revealed significant morphological changes in columns treated with different water chemistries. For example, 100% ZVI （W/W） columns had a higher frequency of small pores （0.6 mm） was observed in ZVI grains reacted with typical groundwater, resulting in a porosity of 27%, compared to 32% when exposed to DI water. In comparison, ZVI grains treated with the acidic drainage had higher porosity （44%） and larger average pore size （2.8 mm）. 10% ZVI PRB barrier material had the highest mean porosity （56%） after exposure to any water chemistry whilst 100% ZVI （W/W） columns always had the lowest （34%） with the 50% ZVI （W/W） in between （40%）. These results agree with previously published PRB field data and simultaneously conducted geochemical monitoring and mass balance calculation, indicating that both the geochemical and hydraulic environment of the PRB play an important role in determining barrier lifespan. This study suggests that X-ray CT image analysis is a powerful tool for studying the detailed inter pores between ZVI grains within PRBs.     

改性纤维素负载零价铁去除三氯甲烷的研究

以接枝改性后的纤维素SCB为载体,采用液相还原法制备改性纤维素负载零价铁吸附剂ZVI-SCB,利用XRD、ESEM进行表征,并研究其对三氯甲烷(TCM)的去除性能.系统探讨了不同材料、ZVI-SCB投加量、TCM的初始质量浓度、pH值和氯离子质量浓度对TCM去除性能的影响.在ZVI-SCB投加量为5g/L,TCM的初始质量浓度为36.7mg/L,pH值为3.1时,TCM的去除率高达84.4%.采用准一级方程和准二级方程对ZVI-SCB去除TCM的过程进行拟合,准二级动力学方程相关系数R的范围为0.996~0.999,证明ZVI-SCB对TCM的去除过程符合二级动力学模型.     

Combined zero valent iron and hydrogen peroxide conditioning significantly enhances the dewaterability of anaerobic digestate

The importance of enhancing sludge dewaterability is increasing due to the considerable impact of excess sludge volume on disposal costs and on overall sludge management. This study presents an innovative approach to enhance dewaterability of anaerobic digestate(AD) harvested from a wastewater treatment plant. The combination of zero valent iron(ZVI, 0–4.0 g/g total solids(TS)) and hydrogen peroxide(HP, 0–90 mg/g TS) under pH 3.0 significantly enhanced the AD dewaterability. The largest enhancement of AD dewaterability was achieved at 18 mg HP/g TS and 2.0 g ZVI/g TS, with the capillary suction time reduced by up to 90%. Economic analysis suggested that the proposed HP and ZVI treatment has more economic benefits in comparison with the classical Fenton reaction process. The destruction of extracellular polymeric substances and cells as well as the decrease of particle size were supposed to contribute to the enhanced AD dewaterability by HP + ZVI conditioning.     

纳米零价铁对γ-HCH的降解效果及机理研究

采用液相还原法制备纳米零价铁(nZVI),透射电镜表征显示,其粒径<20nm,在介质中处于团簇状态.利用所合成的nZVI对γ-HCH进行了还原脱氯研究,结果表明,nZVI具有很高的表面反应活性,当用量为0.5g/L时,反应90min,对2.5mg/L的γ-HCH去除率达90%以上.nZVI对γ-HCH的去除符合准一级反应动力学方程,其反应速率和去除率与pH值、nZVI添加量、γ-HCH初始浓度、共存离子等因素有关.反应速率随pH值的减小而增大,NO3-对反应速率有较强的抑制作用,Ca2+,Mg2+和SO42-对反应速率影响不大.利用GC-MS检测到降解产物四氯环己烯(TeCCH)和氯苯(CB)的存在,推测反应机制为双氯脱除反应和脱氯化氢反应.     

纳米零价铁在水处理中的应用研究综述

纳米零价铁(nZVI)作为最常用的纳米颗粒之一,在去除环境水体中的污染物方面开展了大量的研究.本篇综述通过系统全面地总结nZVI的相关进展,介绍nZVI的各个方面进而指导其发展方向.其中,研究内容主要包括制备方法、改性方式、去除不同水中污染物的作用机理和催化机理、在场地研究中的应用以及毒性作用机制.本文发现,纳米零价铁仍存在缺少综合评价方法、应用受限、各项研究不同步等问题.nZVI未来的发展,应具备考虑反应性、稳定性、迁移性、毒性的评价方法,避免同一改性材料在不同研究方向的时间差异性,让nZVI的应用更好地适用实地研究.