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蒸汽相变作为预处理措施能显著提高常规除尘设备对PM2.5细颗粒的脱除效率,但对于水汽含量低的原始燃煤烟气蒸汽耗量太大,限制了工程应用,而在燃煤电厂湿法烟气脱硫(WFGD)过程中,烟气降温增湿,再添加少量蒸汽就可以建立PM2.5凝结长大所需要的过饱和环境,进而实现WFGD系统对PM2.5的协同高效脱除。在分析蒸汽相变促进PM2.5脱除影响因素的基础上,结合湿法脱硫过程传热传质特性,定性分析了脱硫塔塔前、塔内和塔出口添加蒸汽对WFGD系统脱除PM2.5的促进作用,并提出具体工艺方案。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1991,25(11):2535-2537
Polar stratospheric clouds play a crucial role in the depletion of stratospheric ozone over Antarctica in the spring months. The cloud particles promote the conversion of the inert chlorine reservoirs HCl and ClONO2 to Cl2, which is photolytically active. Furthermore, the clouds lead to the removal of nitric acid and nitrogen oxides from the gas phase, facilitating the destruction of ozone by catalytic cycles involving chlorine free radicals. 相似文献
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《环境科学与技术》2017,(Z2)
以MIL-101为载体,采用浸渍法制备Fe-Cu/MIL-101类Fenton催化剂,并采用X射线衍射和电子扫描电镜对催化剂进行表征。考察了进水p H、Fe/Cu摩尔比、H_2O_2浓度及催化剂投加量对催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,制备的Fe-Cu/MIL-101保持了MIL-101的骨架结构,且具有较大的比表面积,催化剂在参与反应的同时发挥了MIL-101材料的吸附作用;H_2O_2+Cu/MIL-101体系中的Cu2+不能有效分解H_2O_2生成·OH自由基,但Cu~(2+)能大大提高H_2O_2+Fe-Cu/MIL-101体系降解苯酚的速率;非均相Fe-Cu/MIL-101催化剂拓宽了Fenton反应的p H范围,在室温的条件下,p H为2~5、苯酚初始浓度100 mg/L、催化剂加入量0.5 g/L、H_2O_2浓度4.38 mmol/L,苯酚的去除率接近100%;分析降解后废水表明,Fe-Cu/MIL-101类Fenton催化剂可能将苯酚降解为烯烃、羧酸等有机物中间体。 相似文献
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多相光催化氧化处理焦化废水的研究 总被引:20,自引:3,他引:20
以TiO2为催化剂,H2O2为氧化剂,在紫外光照射下采用多相光催化氧化法对焦化废水进行处理,探讨了影响COD去除率的各种因素,得出了最佳工艺条件。结果表明该法可使焦化厂二沉池废水COD从350.3mg/L降至53.1mg/L,COD去除率可达84.8%。还发现多相光催化氧化工艺并不适合处理高浓度废水,但通过提高H2O2的投加量可扩大多相光催化氧化法处理焦化废水的浓度范围。 相似文献
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半导体多相光催化技术研究现状及发展趋势 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
半导体多相光催化技术是光化学领域和环保领域中的研究热点之一。本文综述了半导体多相光催化反应机理、反应动力学、影响半导体多相光催化降解的因素、目前半导体多相光催化技术在实际环境中的应用,并对其前景及发展方向作出展望。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric Environment. Part A. General Topics》1992,26(14):2509-2522
Heterogeneous production of sulfate in an urban fog has been investigated using data collected during the SCAQS program in the Los Angeles area, for the period of 10–11 December 1987. Fog was observed during the night of 10 December and the early morning hours of 11 December near the coast of southern California. Measurements at several sites (Hawthorne, downtown Los Angeles, etc.) indicated a significant increase in sulfate concentration during the afternoon of 11 December. Trajectory analysis suggests that these high sulfate concentrations were associated with the arrival at the receptor sites of air parcels that passed through the fog layer the previous night. To quantify the contribution of aqueous-phase processes to the above sulfate levels, a detailed trajectory model was employed to simulate the gas-phase processes during that episode. The model, using the available information about SO2 and sulfate emissions, initial conditions and meteorology, successfully explained the sulfate levels in air parcels that did not pass through the fog layer, but underestimated by as much as 2.5 the sulfate levels of the trajectories through the fog. Sensitivity/uncertainty analysis indicated that the presence of sulfate beyond that attributable to gasphase chemistry (around 10μg−3) cannot be attributed to uncertainties in the model parameters (e.g. initial conditions, emissions, mixing heights, deposition velocities). The episode was then simulated using a full gas- and aqueous-phase chemistry model and the analysis indicated that heterogeneous sulfate formation in fog droplets under the conditions of the episode can indeed explain the observed sulfate. 相似文献
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Mineral dust is one of the major aerosols in the atmosphere. To assess its impact on trace atmospheric gases, in this work we present a laboratory study of the effect of temperature on the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the surface of ambient Chinese dust over the temperature range from 258 to 313 K. The results suggest that nitrogen dioxide could mainly be adsorbed on these types of Chinese mineral dust reversibly with little temperature dependence. Similar to a previous study on NO2 uptake on mineral aerosols, the uptake coefficients are mainly on the order of 10− 6 for the Chinese dust, when BET areas are taken into account. HONO was observed as a product, and its formation and decomposition on Chinese mineral dust during the uptake processes were also studied. The complete dataset from this study was compiled with previous literature determinations. Atmospheric implications of the heterogeneous reaction between NO2 and mineral dust are also discussed, in an effort to understand this important heterogeneous process. 相似文献
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采用硅藻土负载Fe3+制备了非均相催化剂,并通过TiO2来提高催化剂的稳定性.研究了采用该催化剂的US/Fenton体系对甲基橙的降解效果.通过正交试验考察了pH值、H2O2浓度、催化剂投加量对处理效果影响的大小,分别为pH值>H2O2>催化剂.并通过单因素实验确定在最佳条件下:pH值=3,H2O2浓度为2 mmol/L催化剂投加量为2g/L,反应120min后,脱色率可以达到98%以上,COD的去除率也能够达到87.18%.此外Fe3+溶出实验表明TiO2可以提高催化剂的稳定性. 相似文献
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The heterogeneous uptake processes of hydrogen peroxide on Arizona test dust and two types of authentic Chinese mineral dusts, i.e., Inner Mongolia desert dust and Xinjiang calciferous dust, were investigated using a Knudsen cell reactor coupled with a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The uptake coefficients were measured as a function of the initial concentration of H_2O_2 from 2.6 × 10~(11) to 1.2 × 10~(12)molecules/cm~3, and the temperature dependence of the uptake coefficients was investigated over a range from 253 to 313 K. The concentration of H_2O_2 showed little effect on the uptake coefficients of these heterogeneous processes. As a function of temperature, the initial uptake coefficients decrease with increasing temperature, whereas the steady state uptake coefficients of Arizona test dust and Inner Mongolia desert dust increase with increasing temperature. Implications for the understanding of the uptake processes onto mineral dust samples were also discussed. 相似文献
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多相光催化水处理技术发展过程中反应器研究的现状及发展趋势 总被引:27,自引:3,他引:27
根据多相光催化反应器的发展历史 ,将多相光催化反应器分为传统的反应器、以机理研究为目的的反应器和以实用化研究为目的的反应器 ,着重介绍了以实用化研究为目的的多相光催化反应器近年来在国内外的研制及应用情况 .阐明了新型多相光催化反应器的研究与设计是光催化氧化法实用化过程中需要解决的关键问题之一 ,论述了目前存在的问题以及今后的发展方向. 相似文献
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为深入分析强非均质性污染场地中石油烃的运移规律,探究石油烃类污染物在场地中的吸附、迁移及其影响因素,选取潮白河上游为典型研究区,受冲洪积扇条件控制,区域内包气带非均质性强,地下水埋深较大.采集污染场地包气带介质样品,分别装填原状土(0~20 mm)、细颗粒(< 2 mm)和粗颗粒(>4 mm)3种介质迁移柱,通过土柱淋滤试验表征石油烃在典型介质中的迁移特性;通过静态吸附试验和微生物降解试验识别石油烃迁移过程的关键影响因素,揭示多要素作用条件下的石油烃迁移规律.结果表明:原状土、细颗粒和粗颗粒这3种介质迁移柱出水中石油烃浓度均呈先下降、后波动上升、最终趋于稳定的趋势.3种介质对石油烃的吸附过程均呈现快吸附和慢吸附两个阶段,快吸附阶段发生在试验0~15 h内,完成了吸附的70%~80%;慢吸附阶段持续时间较长,吸附总量缓慢增加.固液比、温度和pH等要素对3种介质石油烃吸附性能的影响相对较小.微生物降解是慢吸附阶段石油烃浓度呈波动上升的主要原因,且在整个石油烃垂向迁移过程中,吸附作用对石油烃去除的贡献率为80%,微生物降解的贡献率为20%.研究显示,相对于微生物作用而言,强非均匀介质在石油烃类污染场地的污染物吸附和迁移过程中起关键控制作用. 相似文献
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抗生素在废水和地表水中经常检出,因其可诱导细菌菌群的抗药性而备受关注,因而亟需发展新型高效的抗生素去除技术.本研究构建了基于二茂铁(Fc)的光助非均相氧化体系,并选取水体中广泛检出的磺胺二甲基嘧啶(SMZ)为模型化合物,研究了SMZ在该体系中的降解动力学、转化途径和产物.结果表明,相对于Fc、Fc+UV、H_2O_2、H_2O_2+UV、Fc+H_2O_2体系,SMZ在Fc+H_2O_2+UV体系中呈现更好的降解效率.自由基淬灭实验证实·OH是Fc+H_2O_2+UV体系中决定SMZ降解的最主要活性物种.电子自旋共振实验发现Fc+H_2O_2+UV体系中产生了超氧自由基阴离子,说明Fc在光照条件下可产生电子. H_2O_2接受电子后歧化产生·OH进而促进SMZ降解.采用轨道离子阱高分辨质谱对SMZ在Fc+H_2O_2+UV体系中的降解产物进行了鉴定,发现有SMZ的羟基化、脱SO_2和C—S、S—N及N—C键断裂的产物形成.水中常见溶解性组分,如DOM、Cl~-及Br~-,可淬灭·OH而抑制SMZ降解,但离子强度对SMZ在Fc+H_2O_2+UV体系中的降解无显著影响,说明该技术对于含有高盐度抗生素废水的处理仍具有较好的效果. 相似文献
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LNAPLs污染物在层状非均质多孔介质中的运移试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
文章通过室内试验研究层状非均质多孔介质中轻非水相液体(Light Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid,LNAPL)的运移机制与分布特性。首先,在二维砂槽上进行LNAPL的入渗试验,试验过程中用数码相机进行拍照,把LANPL的扩散过程以图像的形式记录下来;然后,用AutoCAD对图片进行分析处理,得出不同时刻LNAPL的入渗锋面变化图。结果发现,介质结构突变面改变了LNAPL的迁移模式。在LNAPL由中砂进入细砂层后,由于受到毛细作用的增强,其运移速度加快;而由中砂进入粗砂,受粗砂介质阻滞作用增强的影响,LNAPL运移速度变小。当LNAPL由干砂进入湿润砂体时,由于孔隙水浮托力增大,LNAPL先产生纵向运移,随后以横向迁移的形式在地下水位上部聚积。当达到一定厚度后,LNAPL的压头足以克服浮托力,驱替孔隙水进入砂土孔隙。另外,LNAPL的厚度足够大时,方可克服饱水层受到的浮托力,在地下水位上形成LNAPL池,并因孔隙水向周围砂体排泄,LNAPL池周围的水位上升。 相似文献
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文章采用四氧化三铁作为催化剂活性组分,蔗糖作为黏结剂,获得多孔的Fenton-1ike催化剂颗粒,并利用SEM、XRD等对催化剂的物理化学性质进行表征。通过Fenton-1ike反应中难生物降解的偶氮染料AO7的降解效率来评价自制催化剂的催化活性,研究了pH值、H2O2用量等参数对催化活性的影响。结果表明多孔的Fenton-1ike催化剂能有效地催化H2O2降解以AO7为代表的有机污染物。当溶液p H值在2.0~7.0之间,Fenton-1ike反应进行60 min后,AO7去除率在82.3%~99.84%之间。相比较传统Fenton反应的pH适用范围(一般来说为2.5~3.5),自制的Fenton-like催化剂的p H适用范围更宽,在废水处理中具有更好的应用前景。 相似文献