海洋生物中痕量铝的催化光度分析

基于pH=2的HCl KCl介质中Al(III)对H2O2氧化亚甲蓝(MB)褪色反应的催化作用,建立了测定痕量Al的催化动力学光度分析法。该方法对Al的检出限为0.28μg/L,线性检测范围0～160μg/L,Fe3 、Cu2 等共存离子的干扰可通过铜试剂螯合 甲基异丁基酮溶剂萃取有效消除。本方法具有良好的选择性和准确度,用于几种海藻和贝类生物中痕量Al含量的测定,RSD<8%,回收率95%～107%。     

DPD分光光度法测定水中低浓度二氧化氯

为了规范检测水中低浓度二氧化氯,本文以美国哈希公司现场测定仪的检测原理为基础,加以改进,发展了实验室快速测定二氧化氯的方法.二氧化氯的浓度在0.02 ～5.00 mg/L时,标准曲线线性较好,测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.3％,平均回收率为90.5,与现场测定仪相比,测定结果无显著差异.该法可用于饮用水中低浓度二氧化氯的实验室测定.     

Reproducibility of personal exposure estimates for nitrogen dioxide over a two year period

Continuous and categorical variables for estimation of exposure to NO₂ were measured twice over a 2-year period in a population of children of 6–12 years old. Children were selected who had not moved, and in whose houses no changes in gas appliances had been reported. The repeatability of the measurement of both the continuous and the categorical variables was excellent.     

乙酰丙酮分光光度法测定环境空气中甲醛的方法优化

通过对GB/T 15516-1995的研究,结合实际分析经验,优化了该方法的显色方式,简化了操作步骤,提高了分析效率,其准确度以及精密度均满足分析要求.     

海藻总氮含量测定方法研究

采用湿法对海带标准样进行消化,并利用碘离子和汞离子在强碱性条件下与氨反应生成红棕色胶态化合物的原理,在其最大吸收波长460 nm处进行了测定.试验同时研究了实验用水、试剂、玻璃器皿、消解过程等多因素对总氮含量测定的影响,并比较了不同消解过程及测定方法对海藻总氮含量测定的差异性.结果表明:纳氏法比传统的凯式定氮法耗时短,相比于海水调查中使用的过硫酸钾氧化法也更为稳定,是一种准确的、操作简便的快速测定方法.     

Characterization of metal doped-titanium dioxide and behaviors on photocatalytic oxidation of nitrogen oxides

A series of nanosized ion-doped TiO_2 catalysts with different ion content(between 0.1 at.% and 1.0 at.%) have been prepared by wet impregnation method and investigated with respect to their behavior for UV photocatalytic oxidation of nitric oxide.The catalytic activity was correlated with structural,electronic and surface examinations of the catalysts using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD),ultraviolet-visible(UV-Vis)absorption spectroscopy,transmission electron microscopy(TEM),energy disperse spectrometer (EDS)and high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) techniques.An enhancement of the photocatalytic activity was observed for Zn~(2 ) doping catalyst ranged from 0.1 at.% to 1.0 at.% which was attributed to the lengthened lifetime of electrons and holes.The improvement in photocatalytic activity could be also observed with the low doping concentration of Cr~(3 )(0.1 at.%). However,the doping of Fe~(3 ),Mo~(6 ),Mn~(2 ) and the high doping concentration of Cr~(3 ) had no contribution to photocatalytic activity of nitric oxide.     

两种不同方法测定硝酸盐氮的比对

本文根据实验室多年的实际工作经验,分析和讨论了用离子色谱法和气相分子吸收仪两种方法测定水中硝酸盐氮的含量。其结果显示,两种方法的精密度、准确度和测定结果无显著性差异,均可作为测定地表水和地下水水中硝酸盐氮的测定方法     

水中痕量亚硝酸盐氮的反相流动注射-光度测定

建立了测定水中痕量亚硝酸盐氮的N－（1－萘基）乙二胺－反相流动注射－分光光度法．特N－（1－萘基）乙二胺二盐酸盐溶液注入到水样和对氨基苯磷酰胺溶液的混合流，在λmax540nm处对反应形成的红色染料进行分光光度检测．线性范围为0．004～0．18mg／L亚硝酸盐氮，检测限为0．0012mg／L，测定频率为50次／h．本法灵敏度高、选择性好、分析速度快．应用本法测定南京玄武湖湖水中痕量亚硝酸盐氮，测定结果的相对标准偏差为3．5％与N－（1－萘基）乙二胺分光光度法（国标法）测定结果相比较的平均相对误差为－4．2％，表明本法测定结果具有满意的精密度和准确度．     

Change in genotoxicity of wastewater during chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections and the influence of ammonia nitrogen

The effects of chlorine dioxide and chlorine disinfections on the genotoxicity of different biologically treated sewage wastewater samples were studied by umu-test. The experiment results showed that when chlorine dioxide dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater first decreased rapidly and then tended to be stable, while when the chlorine dosage was increased from 0 to 30 mg/L, the genotoxicity of wastewater changed diversely for different samples. It was then found that ammonia nitrogen did not affect the change of genotoxicity during chlorine dioxide disinfection of wastewater, while it greatly affected the change of genotoxicity during chlorine disinfection of wastewater. When the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was low (< 10–20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater decreased after chlorine disinfection, and when the concentration of ammonia nitrogen was high (> 10–20 mg/L), the genotoxicity of wastewater increased after chlorine disinfection.     

碱性过硫酸钾氧化法测定海水总氮方法的改进

对<我国近海海洋综合调查与评价专项-海洋化学调查技术规程>的海水总氮测定方法碱性过硫酸钾氧化法进行了改进,减少水样转移次数与定量移取步骤,对改进方法的精密度、准确度、回收率和空白值等指标与<规程>法进行了比较,并验证了改进方法的有机氮氧化率、加标氧化率和海水加标回收率.结果表明,改进方法的精密度、准确度、回收率和空白值均符合总氮测定要求,有机氮加标氧化率和加标回收率符合<规程>的要求,说明了改进方法可靠,简化了步骤、缩短了时间,节省了试剂用量和器皿,更适于船上现场测定.     

An integrated CNC accumulation system for automatic building-around-inserts

In this paper a non-layer-based additive manufacturing (AM) process named computer numerically controlled (CNC) accumulation process is presented for applications such as plastic part repairing and modification. To facilitate the CNC accumulation process, a novel three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning system based on a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) device is developed for in situ scanning of inserted components. The integration of the scanning system in the CNC accumulation process enables the building-around-inserts with little human efforts. A point processing method based on the algebraic point set surface (APSS) fitting and layered depth-normal image (LDNI) representation is developed for converting the scanning points into triangular meshes. The newly developed 3D scanning system is compact and has sufficient accuracy for the CNC accumulation process. Based on the constructed surface model, data processing operations including multi-axis tool path planning and motion control are also investigated. Multiple test cases are performed to illustrate the capability of the integrated CNC accumulation process on addressing the requirements of building-around-inserts.     

养殖系统N、P收支及环境N、P负荷量的研究进展

养殖池塘N、P污染主要来源于残饵、生物排泄、生物粪便和生物残骸分解.污染使养殖池塘、附近河流、湖泊和近海水体富营养化及底质老化问题日益突出.本文根据相关调查和研究资料,阐述了池塘系统N、P的收支、循环、转移和积累变化,以期为控制养殖水体N、P污染和底质“内负荷”污染,提高N、P利用和降低N、P环境负荷量提供理论依据.     

On-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR)

The objectives of this study were to establish an on-line controlling system for nitrogen and phosphorus removal synchronously of municipal wastewater in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR). The SBR for municipal wastewater treatment was operated in sequences: filling, anaerobic, oxic, anoxic, oxic, settling and discharge. The reactor was equipped with on-line monitoring sensors for dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and pH. The variation of DO, ORP and pH is relevant to each phase of biological process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal in this SBR. The characteristic points of DO, ORP and pH can be used to judge and control the stages of process that include: phosphate release by the turning points of ORP and pH; nitrification by the ammonia valley of pH and ammonia elbows of DO and ORP; denitrification by the nitrate knee of ORP and nitrate apex of pH; phosphate uptake by the turning point of pH; and residual organic carbon oxidation by the carbon elbows of DO and ORP. The controlling system can operate automatically for nitrogen and phosphorus efficiently removal. __________ Translated from Water & Wastewater Engineering, 2006, 26(5): 728–733 [译自: 给水排水]     

Carbon dioxide direct air capture for effective climate change mitigation based on renewable electricity: a new type of energy system sector coupling

Pathways for achieving the 1.5–2 °C global temperature moderation target imply a massive scaling of carbon dioxide (CO₂) removal technologies, in particular in the 2040s and onwards. CO₂ direct air capture (DAC) is among the most promising negative emission technologies (NETs). The energy demands for low-temperature solid-sorbent DAC are mainly heat at around 100 °C and electricity, which lead to sustainably operated DAC systems based on low-cost renewable electricity and heat pumps for the heat supply. This analysis is carried out for the case of the Maghreb region, which enjoys abundantly available low-cost renewable energy resources. The energy transition results for the Maghreb region lead to a solar photovoltaic (PV)-dominated energy supply with some wind energy contribution. DAC systems will need the same energy supply structure. The research investigates the levelised cost of CO₂ DAC (LCOD) in high spatial resolution and is based on full hourly modelling for the Maghreb region. The key results are LCOD of about 55 €/t_CO2 in 2050 with a further cost reduction potential of up to 50%. The area demand is considered and concluded to be negligible. Major conclusions for CO₂ removal as a new energy sector are drawn. Key options for a global climate change mitigation strategy are first an energy transition towards renewable energy and second NETs for achieving the targets of the Paris Agreement.

     

An economic and environmental framework for analyzing globally sourced auto parts packaging system

Competitive forces are driving US domestic manufacturers to source parts globally, which significantly extends their supply chain and introduces new sustainability concerns. This paper addresses the situation from an operating division manager's perspective. We present an approach to packaging system assessment which considers the division manager's span of control, addresses the design of packaging and the corresponding logistics processes, and incorporates both cost and environmental impacts. A construct familiar to operations managers, the value stream map, is adapted to model material flow of both parts and packages, and an integrated material flow analysis is used as the common basis for cost analysis, a modified life cycle environmental impact analysis, and an energy consumption analysis. The framework is illustrated using a case study of a major US automaker.