Removal of reactive gases at indoor surfaces: Combining mass transport and surface kinetics

The rate of deposition of reactive gaseous pollutants onto indoor surfaces is examined, taking into account mass transport processes and the kinetics of gas-surface interactions. A conceptual model for predicting indoor deposition velocities is proposed, and approximate analysis based on this model is used to obtain algebraic expressions for the deposition velocity of reactive gases under three model airflow conditions: (1) forced laminar convection parallel to a flat plate, (2) laminar natural convection flow along an isothermal vertical plate, and (3) homogeneous turbulence in an enclosure. Numerical simulations are used to refine the approximate analysis results and to predict reactive gas deposition under laminar natural convection flow in an enclosure. The kinetics of gas-surface interactions are modeled in terms of the reaction probability γ, defined as the fraction of pollutant molecular collisions with a surface that result in irreversible removal. Values of γ for the reaction of ozone with surfaces are obtained from published reaction chamber and tube penetration experiments. For common indoor materials, values range from as low as O(10⁻⁷) for glass and aluminium to O(10⁻⁵–10⁻⁴) for materials such as bricks, concrete and latex paint. Our results indicate that ozone deposition occurs at the transport-limited rate when γ > − 3 × 10⁻⁴ for typical indoor air flow conditions, and that ozone deposition can be predicted by surface kinetics alone if γ < ∼ 5 × 10⁻⁷.     

Partitioning ozone fluxes to sparse grass and soil and the inferred resistances to dry deposition

A two-source (Penman-Monteith type) model, used in a preceding companion study as a diagnostic tool to partition objectively half-hourly measurements of evapotranspiration into bare soil and plant components and to derive in situ estimates of the bulk plant and soil resistances to evaporation, is extended to include ozone deposition. At the time this study was performed, the total leaf area index (LAI) of the site varied between 0.5 and 0.8. Live plant material accounted for 60–75% of the LAI while the remaining LAI was dead plant material. For present purposes this two-source model augments measurements of the major components of the surface energy balance and other micrometeorological measurements with measurements of the ambient ozone concentration and eddy correlation measurements of the total dry depositional flux of ozone. This study employs the bulk canopy resistances estimated previously with this model along with additional ozone measurements: (1) to partition the ozone dry deposition flux into bare soil and plant components in a region of partial canopy cover and (2) to estimate the intrinsic soil resistance to ozone destruction. The results of this study suggest: (a) that the plant component probably receives no more than 25% of the total ozone depositional flux and this percentage decreases as the soil water available to the plants decreases and (b) that the soil resistance to ozone destruction has a near-surface boundary layer component of about 0.7 s cm⁻¹ and an intrinsic component of about 1.0 s cm⁻¹.     

冬小麦田O3气孔与非气孔沉降及风险评估

为了深入了解农田生态系统的O_3干沉降过程,并基于O_3通量(尤其是气孔O_3累积通量)指标进行风险评估,利用涡度相关系统对冬小麦田的O_3干沉降过程进行了连续动态观测,初步分析O_3浓度和总O_3通量的变化过程,着重探析气孔O_3沉降和非气孔O_3沉降的变化特征及其与主要气象因子的关系,并基于剂量指标(AOT40)和通量指标(DF_s06)分别推算出冬小麦的产量损失率.结果表明,观测期间(自2016年3月16日至5月30日)日平均O_3浓度(cO_3)为32.9 n L·L-1;白天(08:00~18:00)和夜间平均总O_3通量(F_(O3))分别为-7.6 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1)和-3.1 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1),日均F_(O3)为-5.1nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1).逐日平均气孔O_3通量(F_s)的变化范围为0~-5.1 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1),日均F_s为-1.43 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1).逐日平均非气孔O_3通量(F_(ns))的变化范围为-1.43~-10.31 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1),日均F_(ns)为-3.66 nmol·(m~2·s)~(-1).较强的太阳辐射(SR)、较高的温度(T)和适度湿润的条件有利于冬小麦气孔沉降;较强的SR、适度的T和湿润条件是有利于冬小麦非气孔沉降.在整个观测期间,总O_3累积吸收通量(DF_(O3))、气孔O_3累积吸收通量(DF_s)和非气孔O_3累积吸收通量(DF_(ns))分别为31.58、9.99和21.59 mmol·m~(-2),总DF_s和总DF_(ns)分别占总DF_(O3)的32%和68%.通过剂量指标AOT40和通量指标DF_s06响应方程计算出的冬小麦产量损失率分别为11.58%~20.37%和20%~23.56%.     

Measurements of ammonia flux to a spruce stand in Denmark

This work demonstrates the existence of a linear relation between the deposition velocity of ammonia and the friction velocity measured above a spruce stand in the western part of Denmark. In order to estimate the ammonia deposition velocity and flux to a Norway spruce forest, concentration gradients of ammonia and several meteorological parameters were measured in a meteorology tower during two periods, 1 week in spring and 1 week in late summer 1991. The estimated deposition velocities lie in the range −0.125 to 0.201 m s⁻¹, with a mean of 0.026 m s⁻¹. The deposition velocity and the flux were generally largest in the afternoon. On the basis of 24-h measurements of ammonia and routine meteorological measurements the relation between deposition velocity and friction velocity is extrapolated to an estimate of the average flux for the growing season May to September 1991. The estimate gave an average flux of 87 μg NH₃N m⁻² h⁻¹ (=0.02 μg NH₃N m⁻² s⁻¹). The average deposition velocity for the period was 0.045 m s⁻¹.     

城市污水再生处理过程中臭氧氧化脱色及稳定性研究

针对城市污水再生处理臭氧氧化脱色效果及稳定性开展了相关研究.结果表明,臭氧氧化处理可以有效降低二级出水的表色与真色.在自然条件模拟过程中,不同臭氧投加量的水样22 d后真色并没有明显变化,表色、叶绿素a和浊度变化呈现出良好的一致性.当臭氧投加量小于6 mg·L-1时,水样表色在12 d内缓慢增加,之后快速上升直至22 d后达到最大.低剂量的臭氧处理(小于6 mg·L-1)反而会促进藻类的繁殖,加剧水体色度的不稳定性.然而,当臭氧投加量大于8 mg·L-1时,可以明显延长水样的复色时间,表色在18 d后才略微上升.水体的色度和浊度变化主要由藻类的生长和繁殖引起的,高的臭氧剂量能够维持水体色度稳定性.因此,推荐城市污水再生处理过程臭氧投加量为8 mg·L-1.     

Transport and deposition of indoor radon decay products—I. Model development and validation

Commonly used mathematical models of indoor radon decay product behavior are based on macroscopic mass-balances, often referred to as ‘uniformly-mixed models’. The uniformly-mixed model's applicability is limited by its inability to track the movement of pollutants from their sources to other areas within the enclosure, to permit spatial- or time-dependent sources, or to take proper account of interactions with macroscopic surfaces. Although the uniformly-mixed model parameterizes the deposition process as a constant volumetric removal rate, in reality the deposition process is actually a surface phenomenon and is strongly affected by environmental conditions.This paper describes the development of RADTRAN, a two-dimensional radon progeny transport model that begins with the differential conservation equations describing the motion of air and the transport of reactive pollutants, introduces appropriate boundary conditions to represent surface deposition, and then calculates the concentration distribution of radon progeny throughout the entire region of interest. Knowing the concentration gradient near the surface, a local mass-transfer coefficient (the deposition velocity) can be determined as a function of environmental conditions. RADTRAN simulations have been based on several flow conditions: buoyancy-driven recirculating enclosure flows, free and forced-convection boundary layer flows, and one-dimensional diffusion. Free progeny diffusivity, D^f, and attachment rate, X, were varied over representative ranges. For these conditions, RADTRAN calculated free deposition velocities of u^f = 0.014–0.079 cm s⁻¹, for ²¹⁸Po. RADTRAN predictions are compared to a range of experimental measurements. It was found that the predicted range of deposition velocities is in rough agreement with findings from experiments conducted in flow conditions similar to the simplified flows used in RADTRAN.     

Monitoring the dry deposition of SO2 in the Netherlands: Results for grassland and heather vegetation

An automated system based on the micrometeorological gradient technique has been developed to measure the dry deposition of SO₂ on a routine basis. Measurements were made at two locations in the Netherlands. From these results dry deposition fluxes, dry deposition velocities and surface resistances for a heathland and for an agricultural grassland site were estimated using a selected set of data and a calculation procedure based on micrometeorological considerations. An extensive analysis was made to determine uncertainties in the resulting deposition parameters. From this analysis it has been concluded that the uncertainty in these parameters is almost completely determined by the random errors in measured concentrations. The meteorological surface exchange parameters can be estimated sufficiently accurately (<20% uncertainty). At the grassland site, average surface resistances to deposition of 6(±8) and 13(±12) s m⁻¹ were calculated for wet and dry conditions, respectively. At the heathland site, a similar distinct difference between R_c values for wet and dry conditions was found. These values are 20(±21) and 70(±90) s m⁻¹, respectively. The yearly average dry deposition flux for SO₂ at the grassland site amounts to 585(±330) mol ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, while at the heathland site the yearly average flux was 300(±270) mol ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. The yearly average dry deposition velocity at 4 m height was 1.2(±0.3) cm s⁻¹ at the grassland site and 0.8(±0.4) cm s⁻¹ at the heathland site.     

Environmental chamber for study of the deposition flux of gaseous pollutants to material surfaces

A specially designed recirculating environmental chamber was constructed to study the environmental factors affecting the deposition of pollutant gases to the surface of stone and other building materials. The chamber and sample holder are designed to place samples in an aerodynamically well-defined air flow. The system is designed to permit use of radioactive ³⁵SO₂ as a tracer if necessary. A wide range of typical environmental conditions can be continuously maintained in the chamber. Wind speeds in the test section can range up to about 5 ms⁻¹, exposing replicate samples to air flow that is uniform to within approximately 3%. Relative humidity in the chamber can be maintained to within 3%, and SO₂, NO₂ and O₃ concentrations in the chamber air can be maintained to within 4%. Test results indicate SO₂ deposition and wind speed in the chamber are closely correlated, allowing for a direct determination of the surface resistance (r_c) component of the SO₂ deposition velocity to various test materials. Initial studies of SO₂ deposition to limestone and marble indicate the r_c values are approximately 1.3 s cm⁻¹ for fresh limestone and 34 s cm⁻¹ for fresh marble at 75% relative humidity, 26°C and 50 ppb SO₂.     

Laboratory measurements of sulfur dioxide deposition velocity on marble and dolomite stone surfaces

The deposition velocity of SO₂ on marble and dolomite stone surfaces in a humid atmosphere was measured as a function of time in the laboratory using continuous monitoring techniques. The deposition velocity of SO₂ on marble varied between 0.02 and 0.23 cm s⁻¹, and was generally observed to decrease with time. The deposition velocity of SO₂ on dolomite varied between 0.02 and 0.10 cm s⁻¹, and gradually increased over the first 2000 ppm-h of exposure. For both types of stones, the deposition velocity increased significantly when condensed moisture was observed on the stone surface. Chemical analysis of the stone samples indicated that the SO₂ deposited reacted with the stone materials to form gypsum (CaSO₄·2H₂O) on the marble surfaces and gypsum and epsomite (MgSO₄·7H₂O) on the dolomite surfaces.     

Transport and deposition of indoor radon decay products—II. Influence of environmental conditions

The effects of indoor radon decay product behavior on overall concentrations have generally been characterized using uniformly-mixed models, mathematical formulations based on steady-state macroscopic mass-balances, assuming uniform concentrations within the enclosure. The uniformly-mixed model parameterizes the deposition process as a constant volumetric removal rate, given different values for the free and attached progeny. The model requires prior knowledge of the deposition rates, and assumes them to be constant, independent of environmental conditions, and identical for all decay products. There has generally been little agreement regarding the actual values of the deposition rates, and the uncertainty in these required values presents an important limitation.In response to the limitations of existing mass-balance models, an indoor radon mass-transport model, RADTRAN, was developed using a microscopic mass-balance. Deposition by molecular diffusion is accounted for through boundary conditions, and deposition velocity is calculated based on the concentration distribution near the wall. Parametric sensitivity studies using RADTRAN examined the sensitivity of the deposition of radon decay products to several factors: the size of the free progeny (measured by its diffusivity, D^f), particle concentration (using the attachment rate, X), and air motion. Deposition is described in terms of the deposition velocities of the free and attached progeny, u^f and u^a. The development of RADTRAN is described in a companion paper. This paper presents the results of the parametric sensitivity studies examining the influence of environmental conditions on radon progeny deposition. Results primarily focus on the influence on the free mode of the first radon decay product, ²¹⁸Po. RADTRAN is also used to examine the variations of deposition velocity between the decay products.     

Catalytic decomposition of low level ozone with gold nanoparticles supported on activated carbon

Highly dispersed gold nanoparticles were supported on coal-based activated carbon (AC) by a sol immobilization method and were used to investigate their catalytic activity for low-level ozone decomposition at ambient temperature. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the catalysts before and after ozone decomposition. The results showed that the supported gold nanoparticles prepared with microwave heating were much smaller and more uniformly dispersed on the activated carbon than those prepared with traditional conduction heating, exhibiting higher catalytic activity for ozone decomposition. The pH values of gold precursor solution significantly influenced the catalytic activity of supported gold for ozone decomposition, and the best pH value was 8. In the case of space velocity of 120000 h⁻¹, inlet ozone concentration of 50 mg/m³, and relative humidity of 45%, the Au/AC catalyst maintained the ozone removal ratio at 90.7% after 2500 min. After being used for ozone decomposition, the surface carbon of the catalyst was partly oxidized and the oxygen content increased accordingly, while its specific surface area and pore volume only decreased a little. Ozone was mainly catalytically decomposed by the gold nanoparticles supported on the activated carbon.     

Atmospheric sulphur deposition to forest stands: Throughfall estimates compared to estimates from inference

Wet and dry deposition of sulphur was estimated for 30 forest stands in the Netherlands using a throughfall method and an inferential method. Dry deposition estimates of the throughfall method were significantly higher compared to estimates from inference. The major sources of uncertainty of the throughfall dry deposition estimates were associated with non-representative throughfall sampling, wet deposition estimates, canopy exchange processes, deposition of neutral salts, dry deposition directly onto the throughfall collectors, and with the omission of stemflow fluxes and dry deposition directly to the undergrowth vegetation and forest floor. These uncertainties were found to act both ways to approximately the same extent and were not able to explain the observed gap between the two dry deposition estimates. For the inferential method, major sources of uncertainty in the dry deposition estimates arose in calculation of the dry deposition velocity of SO₂ and the omission of occult deposition of SO₄²⁻. In this study, uncertainties associated with the spatial averaging of air concentrations of SO₂ and SO₄ aerosol and the calculation of the deposition velocity of SO₄ aerosol were found to be relatively small. Modifying the R_c parametrization of SO₂, based on recent dry deposition measurements made over heather in the Netherlands, resulted in fairly good agreement between both dry deposition estimates. Occult deposition of SO₄²⁻ was found to contribute significantly to the total sulphur deposition to the forest stands. Both the modified R_c parametrization and the incorporation of occult deposition led to systematically higher sulphur deposition estimates by the inferential method compared to originally inferred deposition. This implies that in the Netherlands, sulphur deposition to forest ecosystems might have been underestimated heretofore.     

VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets based on response surface model: A case study in the Pearl River Delta Region, China

Because of the recent growth in ground-level ozone and increased emission of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), VOC emission control has become a major concern in China. In response, emission caps to control VOC have been stipulated in recent policies, but few of them were constrained by the co-control target of PM_2.5 and ozone, and discussed the factor that influence the emission cap formulation. Herein, we proposed a framework for quantification of VOC emission caps constrained by targets for PM_2.5 and ozone via a new response surface modeling (RSM) technique, achieving 50% computational cost savings of the quantification. In the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, the VOC emission caps constrained by air quality targets varied greatly with the NO_x emission reduction level. If control measures in the surrounding areas of the PRD region were not considered, there could be two feasible strategies for VOC emission caps to meet air quality targets (160 µg/m³ for the maximum 8-hr-average 90th-percentile (MDA8-90%) ozone and 25 µg/m³ for the annual average of PM_2.5): a moderate VOC emission cap with <20% NOx emission reductions or a notable VOC emission cap with >60% NO_x emission reductions. If the ozone concentration target were reduced to 155 µg/m³, deep NO_x emission reductions is the only feasible ozone control measure in PRD. Optimization of seasonal VOC emission caps based on the Monte Carlo simulation could allow us to gain higher ozone benefits or greater VOC emission reductions. If VOC emissions were further reduced in autumn, MDA8-90% ozone could be lowered by 0.3-1.5 µg/m³, equaling the ozone benefits of 10% VOC emission reduction measures. The method for VOC emission cap quantification and optimization proposed in this study could provide scientific guidance for coordinated control of regional PM_2.5 and O₃ pollution in China.     

内蒙古温带草原氮沉降的观测研究

在内蒙古太仆寺旗对温带草原地区的氮沉降进行了为期1 a(2011年11月～2012年10月)的观测.在线分析大气NH3和NO2浓度,用CMAQ模型计算的干沉降速率计算了气体干沉降量;采集降水、降尘和穿透雨样品并测定NH4+和NO3-浓度,分别得到湿沉降、颗粒物干沉降和穿透雨沉降量.观测结果表明该地区的氮沉降量已经高达3.43 g.(m2.a)-1,有可能对草原生态系统产生危害.其中,湿沉降占44%,气体干沉降占38%,颗粒物干沉降占18%.干沉降对氮沉降的贡献大于湿沉降,必需重视干沉降的测定,而穿透雨沉降明显小于总沉降,说明穿透雨法不适合于草原地区.从组分上看,还原态氮(包括NH4+和NH3)对氮沉降的贡献为71%,而氧化态氮(NO3-和NO2)的贡献仅29%,因此在控制氮沉降时,不应只针对NOx排放进行削减,NH3减排同样重要.     

臭氧-CNT膜改性联用工艺对PVDF中空纤维膜污染进程的缓解

采用碳纳米管(carbon nanotube,CNT)对聚偏氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,PVDF)中空纤维超滤膜进行改性,结合臭氧预氧化技术,考察了臭氧-CNT膜改性联用工艺对PVDF中空纤维膜污染进程的缓解作用,研究了CNT负载量和臭氧投量对中空纤维膜组件通量变化和抗污染性能的影响.结果表明,CNT负载量为3 g·m-2、臭氧投量(以O3/DOC计)为0.22mg·mg-1时,临界通量下[144 L·(m2·h)-1],膜组件单位面积过水量达到850 L·m-2,相比原始超滤膜过水量提高了4.5倍;低通量[18 L·(m2·h)-1]下运行15d,膜组件单位面积过水量达到3000 L·m-2,相比原膜单位过水量提高近10倍.使用共聚焦激光扫描电镜观测污染膜表面,结果表明,运行压力增长最快的原膜表面污染层内活菌数量最多;臭氧氧化与CNT膜均能够减少膜表面污染层内的微生物总量和活菌数量,从而缓解了运行压力的增长.臭氧氧化后CNT层的存在,进一步减少了膜表面污染层内的活菌数量,同时截留了部分死菌,但截留的死菌与运行压力增长无明显相关性.     

夏季长三角地区臭氧非线性响应曲面模型的建立及应用

2013年8月上旬,长三角地区发生了一次大范围高浓度臭氧污染事件.本研究基于WRF-CMAQ空气质量模型系统,结合长三角地区大气污染物排放清单,构建了臭氧与其前体物之间的非线性响应曲面模型(Response surface modeling,RSM).基于RSM探讨了长三角地区O_3化学的敏感性特征,分析了上海市O_3的来源并预测不同情景下O_3的变化,提出O_3污染的最优控制方案.研究结果表明,长三角地区夏季O3主控因素区域差别较大,上海环科院、杭州卧龙桥、南京玄武湖等城区点位属于VOC控制型;徐州铜山、合肥肥西、丽水青田等郊区属于NOx控制型.O_3的敏感性特征在不同浓度水平下也呈现较大差异,随着O_3浓度水平的升高,各地区NOx敏感性均有所增加.从区域来源来看,远距离传输对平日上海O_3贡献较大,占50%以上;而在O_3污染日,本地及区域贡献为72.1%,而远距离传输贡献下降至27.9%.快速预测了110组减排情景,表明在本地及区域前体物均减排70%的情况下,2013年8月上海O_3浓度能完全达标.     

Formic acid and acetic acid: Emissions,atmospheric formation and dry deposition at two southern California locations

Emission rates, in situ formation rates and removal rates by dry deposition are estimated for formic acid (HCOOH, C1) and acetic acid (CH₃COOH, C2), which are the most abundant acids in southern California air and together account for much of the airborne acidity and are the leading contributors to acid dry deposition. Using data for eight unreactive tracers, direct emission rates during the fall 1987 are estimated to be 5.6 and 12.8 metric tons d⁻¹ for C1 and C2, respectively, at a coastal source-dominated site. These emissions rates increase to 9.6(C1) and 20.4(C2) metric tons d⁻¹ during the summer. In situ formation in the atmosphere via the ozone-olefin reaction is an important source for both acids. This reaction produces an estimated 25.0 and 10.1 metric tons d⁻¹ of C1 and C2, respectively, during the day and 34.5 (C1) and 4.3 (C2) metric tons d⁻¹ at night. More acetic acid than formic acid is emitted by direct sources, with C2/C1 emission rate ratios of 2.1–2.3. The reverse is true of in situ formation, with C1/C2 production rate ratios of 2.5 (day) and 8.0 (night). Dry deposition removal rates depend on season (fall > summer) and location (inland > coastal) and are 22–52 metric tons d⁻¹ for C1, and 32–83 metric tons d⁻¹ for C2. Source (emissions + in situ formation) and sink (dry deposition) terms are of the same magnitude in all six cases studied and balance each other well in three of these cases. Uncertainties in emission, in situ production and removal rates are discussed and reflect uncertaintes in olefin and unreactive tracer emission rates, yields of organic acids from the Criegee biradical (ozone-olefin reaction), and dry deposition velocity, respectively.     

臭氧氧化水溶液中对乙酰氨基酚的机制研究

采用间歇实验的方法,研究了臭氧氧化降解水溶液中对乙酰氨基酚的影响因素和机制.结果表明,臭氧能够有效降解水溶液中的对乙酰氨基酚,降解过程符合伪一级动力学模型(R2>0.992).臭氧浓度、HCO-3和pH值均影响对乙酰氨基酚的降解过程,添加HCO-3、提高pH值和适当增大臭氧浓度均可提高其降解效果.气相色谱/质谱和离子色谱检测结果表明,在对乙酰氨基酚臭氧氧化的过程中,首先生成对苯酚及一系列含有羧基的酸类产物,继而被进一步氧化;依据中间产物,探讨了对乙酰氨基酚可能的降解反应途径.TOC检测仪的检测结果显示,对乙酰氨基酚的最终矿化程度较低.在对乙酰氨基酚的初始浓度为20 mg·L-1及臭氧浓度为9.10 mg·L-1时,反应130 min后,矿化程度仅为16.42%.     

饮用水中甲羟孕酮的臭氧氧化降解研究

以饮用水中内分泌干扰物孕激素类甲羟孕酮(MPA)为目标物,采用臭氧氧化工艺对其进行降解,对臭氧降解过程动力学进行了研究,并考察液相臭氧浓度、pH、羟基自由基(.OH)清除剂(HCO3-)对降解过程的影响.结果表明,臭氧在合适条件下能够有效降解水溶液中的MPA,MPA初始浓度为3、5、10 mg.L-1,采用连续臭氧曝气方式降解时,降解过程遵守一级反应动力学模型;采用序批式臭氧投加方式进行降解时,降解过程符合二级反应动力学模型.pH的升高和HCO3-的添加都会对降解效果产生负面影响.在反应温度为20℃,采用序批式臭氧投加方式,MPA的去除率从pH=3.10时的89.8%下降到pH=9.02时的74.6%.相同反应条件下,添加羟基自由基清除剂HCO3-后,降解反应速率常数由0.146 3 L.(mg.min)-1下降到0.049 5 L.(mg.min)-1,去除率下降了22.2个百分点.     

大气臭氧污染对冬小麦气孔吸收通量的影响机制及其时空格局

近地层臭氧作为一种二次污染物,其不断增加的浓度及其对作物的影响已经成为各国政府和公众关注的焦点.本文以冬小麦为研究对象,基于大田OTC试验,对OTC内气象因子和气孔导度进行连续观测.引进气孔导度模型,并进行本地参数化研究,结合通量模型,研究冬小麦气孔臭氧吸收通量的变化特征,并对江苏省各市冬小麦气孔导度和O_3吸收通量的时空分布进行模拟.结果表明,O_3浓度增加会限制其叶片气孔导度,浓度越高,限制作用越明显;利用修订后的气孔导度模型对冬小麦叶片气孔导度进行模拟,表明模型解释了实测气孔导度90%、77%和83%的变异性.结合通量模型对冬小麦气孔O_3通量进行模拟,则CK(约为53.67 n L·L~(-1))、100 n L·L~(-1)和150 n L·L~(-1)O_3浓度处理下冬小麦在整个O_3熏期的累积吸收通量分别为6.42、12.27和13.90 mmol·m-2;江苏地区冬小麦在其生长季期间O_3浓度呈逐渐增加的趋势,冬小麦平均气孔导度的大小表现为:中期后期前期的时间变化特点,在整个中期时段气孔O_3累积吸收通量最多.