Photochemical formation of particulate dicarboxylic acids under long-range transport in central Japan

Long-range transport (LRT) of photochemical air pollution from the coastal area with large emission sources to the inland mountainous region occurs very frequently in the central Japan region on clear summer days. It is caused by local winds and the transport route is almost-fixed geographically. Along this route, behavior of dicarboxylic acids in the airborne aerosols was investigated in the cooperative field observation of meteorology and chemistry. Measurements were made every 3-h at inland sites.The concentrations of dicarboxylic acids as well as NO₃⁻ and total organic C increased in the daytime and decreased at night. The maximum are attained when the transported air mass was arrived at the sampling sites. These diurnal variations were similar to that of O₃.In the daytime, although the phthalates (di-n-butyl and dioctyl), n-alkanes (C₂₁C₃₂) and pinon aldehyde were abundant in the airborne aerosols, the dicarboxylic acids (C₂C₁₀) were the most abundant species and the total concentrations attained from 30 to 50% of the total organic particulate matter. In addition, of the dicarboxylic acids, more than 70% were estimated to be produced by photochemical reactions in the daytime. Thus, it was concluded that most of the dicarboxylic acids were produced by the photochemical oxidation of anthropogenic compounds during LRT.     

Rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of OH and NO3 radicals and O3 with sabinene and camphene at 296±2 K

The rate constants for the gas-phase reactions of sabinene and camphene, two monoterpenes emitted from vegetation, with OH and NO₃ radicals and O₃ have been determined at 296±2 K and one atmosphere total pressure of air. The OH and NO₃ radical reaction rate constants were determined using relative rate techniques. Using rate constants of k(OH + isoprene) = 1.01 × 10⁻¹⁰ cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹, k(NO₃ + trans-2-butene) = 3.87 × 10⁻¹³ cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹ and k(NO₃ + 2-methyl-2-butene) = 9.33 × 10⁻¹² cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹, the following OH and NO₃ radical reaction rate constants (in cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹ were obtained: OH radical reaction; sabinene, 1.17 × 10⁻¹⁰ and camphene, 5.33 × 10⁻¹¹; NO₃ radical reaction; sabinene, 1.01 × 10⁻¹¹, and camphene, 6.54 × 10⁻¹³. The absolute O₃ reaction rate constants determined were (in cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹ units): sabinene, 8.07 × 10⁻¹⁷, and camphene, 9.0 × 10⁻¹⁹. These rate constants are compared to literature data for other structural-related alkenes and monoterpenes.     

Numerical analysis of the role of sea breeze fronts on air quality in coastal and inland polluted areas

The role of moving sea breeze fronts on air quality in coastal and inland polluted areas was investigated by the numerical simulation of the transport/chemistry of air pollutants, using detailed structures of eddy diffusivity, temperature and flow fields associated with the moving sea breeze fronts. The eddy diffusivity field used was the output of a two-equation turbulence model (i.e. the k-ϵ model) and reasonably well expressed dynamical nature of turbulence in sea breeze, at its front and in an inland mixed layer (Kitada et al., 1987, Proc. Envir. Sani. Eng. Res.23, 103–113). The transport/chemistry of pollutants was calculated using a comprehensive Eulerian model, which adopts more than twenty chemical species advected (Kitada et al., 1983, Proc. 3rd. Int. Symp. on Numer. Methods in Engng, pp. 223–233; Carmichael et al., 1986, Atmospheric Environment20, 173–188).Several cases of numerical simulations were performed, being characterized by the locations of emission sources (i.e. coastal or inland), and the temporal activities of those. Results showed the following. In the coastal-source cases, (1) a circulation behind the sea breeze front was responsible for maintaining high concentration zone of photochemical product, just behind the front; (2) the local maximum of the product's concentration appeared at the upper part of the circulation (i.e. around a height of 500 m), where the temperature profile was stably stratified; (3) the concentration profile was vertically-uniform in the lower part of the circulation, where the thermal internal boundary layer extended over; in the inland-source cases, (4) updraft at the front swept away pollutants into the upper layer. Thus the vertical profile of the pollutant, having a peak at a higher level of 900–1000 m above ground, was formed; (5) this polluted zone at the higher layer remained for several hours after the front passed over. Finally, these indicate that the passage of the sea breeze front can result in complex layering of pollutants.     

上海市大气中HO2自由基的测定与特征

为研究上海市大气中ＨＯ２自由基的分布特征,建立了化学放大法测定ＨＯ２自由基系统,对上海市大气中ＨＯ２自由基浓度进行了没定邦等结果表明,ＨＯ２自由基的典型日变化基本上为双峰型,峰值出现在阳光辐射较强的中午时分,实验测得ＨＯ２自由基最大浓度达２．２４×１０＾８分子·ｃｍ＾－３,ＨＯ２自然基民ＮＭＨＣ,Ｃ烽Ｏ２等具有一定的相关性,ＨＯ２自由基的研究对于大气光化学烟雾的研究具有重要意义     

Precision of the radiochemical OH measurement method

Twenty-eight radiochemical ¹⁴C tracer measurement of tropospheric hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations were obtained at a rural site near Washington State University, Pullman, WA (117°W, 47°N). Diurnal OH concentration variations were observed for the five days between 9 August and 14 August 1990. These data made it possible to estimate the midday precision and detection limit of the radiochemical OH measurement method. Experiments performed at a peak O₃ photolysis rate J (O(¹D)) of (3.0±0.2) × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹ yielded a mean midday OH concentration of (5.6±0.1 (1σ)) × 10⁶ cm⁻³. Other data put an upper bound of 16% on fluctuations of instrument sensitivity. Low-light or nighttime background OH concentrations were less than (2.6±2) × 10⁵ cm⁻³. A lower detection limit of 10⁵ cm⁻³ was obtained when extra care was taken with the low-level ¹⁴C counting procedure.     

Net yield of OH,CO, and O3 from the oxidation of atmospheric methane

The methane oxidation chain (MOC) is the sequence of reactions initiated by the reaction of a CH₄ molecule with an OH radical, which results in the net production (or destruction) of OH, CO and O₃. We have developed the yield coefficient method to calculate, as functions of latitude and altitude, the monthly average net yield of OH, CO and O₃ from the MOC. These yield coefficients are then used to estimate the monthly average production rates of these species from the MOC.Globally, the MOC results in a net annual loss of about 0.22 molecules of OH for every methane molecule destroyed. The average annual yield of CO from the MOC is about 0.82 molecules of CO per molecule of methane destroyed (∼ 550 Tg CO y⁻¹). The methane oxidation chain also produces about 1.15 molecules of ozone for every molecule of methane destroyed. The seasonal cycles, spatial distributions and even the signs of the OH, O₃ and CO yield coefficients are sensitive to the assumed input distributions of OH, HO₂ and NO_x. The recent re-measurement of the reaction rate of OH+CH₄ (Vaghjiani and Ravishankara, 1991, Nature350, 406–409) suggests that the entire MOC may be running slower than previously thought. The effect of this new measurement is to reduce the global annual average production rates of CO and O₃ by about 23%.     

Real-time,in situ measurements of atmospheric optical absorption in the visible via photoacoustic spectroscopy—IV. Visibility degradation and aerosol optical properties in Los Angeles

Aerosol light absorption (b_abs) has been measured in real-time in Los Angeles with a validated photoacoustic technique, and its impact on visibility degradation has been examined. These measurements were collected during ten days in the summer of 1987 for the Southern California Air Quality Study (SCAQS). Aerosol b_abs (λ = 514.5 nm) varied from an hourly average value of 7 × 10⁻⁶ m⁻¹ in the 3–4 and 4–5 a.m. periods of 13 July to 9 × 10⁻⁵ m⁻¹ in the 7–8 a.m. period of both 28 August and 3 September. This b_abs, which is due solely to elemental carbon (EC) showed a distinct diurnal pattern with low values at night, increasing around sunrise to higher values through mid-afternoon. Comparison of these data with aerosol light scattering data clearly illustrates that the contribution of aerosol light absorption to visibility degradation increases in importance under less polluted conditions. Other urban and rural studies show similar results.     

The investigation of air quality and acid rain over the Gulf of Mexico

A research cruise was conducted in the summer of 1986 by a group of scientist from the U.S.A. and Mexico to investigate air chemistry over the Gulf of Mexico. Chemical, physical, meteorological and oceanographic measurements were carried out to survey temporal and spatial variations of diverse parameters throughout the Gulf. Emphases were placed on air-sea-land exchange of gases and aerosols, natural air quality, transport of anthropogenic air pollution, and acid rain deposition to the Gulf. Although the prevailing winds were easterly from the sea during the cruise, the air was highly polluted with continental aerosols, probably caused by local shifting winds and the oscillation between sea breeze and land breeze. Aerosol number concentrations were measured from 10⁵ cm⁻³ at ports to 10³ cm⁻³ in the open Gulf. The average aerosol mass concentration was ∼25μg M⁻³, consisting of 60% insoluble crustal particles that contained Si, Al, Fe; 30% seasalt particles that contained Na⁺ and Cl⁻; and 10% anthropogenic sulfate and nitrate particles. Samples of rain water collected near the coast were acidic (pH ∼4). The concentrations of dimethyl sulfide correlated with bio-particle concentrations in surface seawater and could be a significant precursor of atmospheric SO₄²⁻ particles. The life cycles of the aerosols in the Gulf, including sources, transport, transformation, and wet and dry deposition are discussed.     

Three-wavelength nephelometer suitable for aircraft measurement of background aerosol scattering coefficient

A new nephelometer suitable for aircraft measurements of aerosol scattering extinction coefficient (σ_sp) has been constructed and operated under field conditions. This instrument is vacuum tight for operation in a pressurized aircraft cabin and is capable of measuring background tropospheric σ_sp at an averaging time of 1 min. For example, in a typical atmospheric profile the instrument can measure values of about 10⁻⁴ m⁻¹ with a time resolution of 2 s in a polluted region, and about 10⁻⁷ m⁻¹ with a time resolution of 1 min in a clean region. This sensitivity is made possible by: (1) subtracting in real time the air Rayleigh scattering from the total scattering signal by continuously measuring pressure and temperature in the sampling volume of the instrument; (2) correcting for the dark count and sensitivity of the photomultipliers using a rotating shutter; and (3) using a beam splitter arrangement to allow simultaneous detection by three photomultipliers. A laboratory measurement of instrument noise suggests a 550-nm noise level of about 5 × 10⁻⁸ m⁻¹ at an averaging time of 1 min.     

南京北郊工业乡村混合区秋季边界层VOCs垂直分布特征

利用2020年秋季南京北郊低对流层(0～1 000 m)VOCs探空实验数据,分析了该地区VOCs垂直廓线分布及其日变化、光化学反应性等特征.结果表明,φ(VOCs)随高度升高而降低(72.1×10^-9±28.1×10^-9～56.4×10^-9±24.8×10^-9).各高度上烷烃占比最大(68%～75%),其次为芳香烃(10%～12%)、卤代烃(10%～11%)、烯烃(3%～7%)和乙炔(2%).边界层日变化对VOCs廓线影响较大,早晚较低的边界层致使VOCs在近地面累积,而在上部体积分数较低;午后VOCs的垂直分布则较均匀.上午光化学反应性强(弱)的烯烃(烷烃)等的体积分数占比随高度升高而减小(增加),说明高层的VOCs光化学老化显著.午后VOCs各组分占比及其OFP在低对流层内垂直分布则较均匀.受周边不同来源气团影响,各高度φ(VOCs)及组分占比差异明显,工业气团在200～400 m;高度间φ(VOCs)随高度升高,芳香烃占比增大;城区气团φ(VOCs)垂直负梯度最大,近地面φ(VOCs)较高,...     

Wintertime peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) in the megacity Beijing: Role of photochemical and meteorological processes

Previous measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) in Asian megacities were scarce and mainly conducted for relative short periods in summer. Here, we present and analyze the measurements of PAN, O3, NOx, etc., made at an urban site(CMA) in Beijing from 25 January to 22 March 2010. The hourly concentration of PAN averaged 0.70 × 10 9mol/mol(0.23 × 10 9–3.51 × 10 9mol/mol) and was well correlated with that of NO2but not O3, indicating that the variations of the winter concentrations of PAN and O3in urban Beijing are decoupled with each other. Wind conditions and transport of air masses exert very significant impacts on O3, PAN, and other species. Air masses arriving at the site originated either from the boundary layer over the highly polluted N-S-W sector or from the free troposphere over the W-N sector. The descending free-tropospheric air was rich in O3, with an average PAN/O3ratio smaller than 0.031, while the boundary layer air over the polluted sector contained higher levels of PAN and primary pollutants, with an average PAN/O3ratio of 0.11. These facts related with transport conditions can well explain the observed PAN-O3decoupling. Photochemical production is important to PAN in the winter over Beijing. The concentration of the peroxyacetyl(PA) radical was estimated to be in the range of 0.0014 × 10 12–0.0042 × 10 12 mol/mol. The contributions of the formation reaction and thermal decomposition to PAN's variation were calculated and found to be significant even in the colder period in air over Beijing, with the production exceeding the decomposition.     

Studying high ozone concentrations by using the Danish Eulerian model

The long-range transport of air pollutants (LRTAP) over Europe is studied by a mathematical model based on a system of partial differential equations (PDEs). The number of PDEs is equal to the number of species studied and the model contains 35 species at present. Among the species are NO, NO₂, NO₃⁻, HNO₃, NH₃, NH₄⁺, O₃, PAN, SO₂, SO₄²⁻ and may hydrocarbons. Most of the 70 chemical reactions involved in the model are nonlinear (including here many photochemical reactions).The model requires large sets of input data. Emissions of SO₂, NO_x, NH₃ and both natural and anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOC) are needed in the model. The meteorological data consist of fields of wind velocities, precipitation, surface temperatures, temperatures of the boundary layer, relative humidities and cloud cover, which are read in the beginning of every 6-h interval. Both daytime and nighttime mixing heights are used in the model.Many of the species in the model vary on a diurnal basis. An investigation of the main mechanisms that determine the diurnal variation of the ozone concentrations is performed. One of the important conditions that is necessary if one wants to represent correctly the diurnal variations of the concentrations is to have access to meteorological data that vary diurnally. This is especially true for the temperature and the mixing height.The use of modern numerical algorithms (which are combined with vectorization of the most time-consuming numerical procedures) allows one to perform long-term runs with the model on several high-speed computers. Results obtained in runs with meteorological data for July 1985 and August–October 1989 are discussed. The computed concentrations and depositions are compared with measurements taken at stations located in different European countries. The agreement between calculated concentrations and measurements is reasonably good.Results obtained with several scenarios, in which the NO_x emission and/or the anthropogenic VOC emissions are varied, are presented. Several main conclusions are drawn by studying the results obtained during the comparisons. Some plans for future development of the models are discussed.     

船舶压载水中海洋微生物的羟基自由基致死特性研究

鉴于当前尚无一种有效治理压载水中外来有害生物入侵的方法,为解决这一难题,本文采用高级氧化技术,即生成高浓度羟基溶液的方法治理船舶压载水中的海洋微生物.研究主要是利用介质阻挡强电离放电的方法,将空气中的O2和海水中H2O电离离解成.OH等氧化自由基,溶于海水中形成高浓度羟基溶液.同时,实验以羟基致死压载水中的湛江等鞭金藻、牟氏角毛藻和大肠杆菌为例进行了研究.结果表明:羟基致死微生物的阈值为0.6 mg·L-1,主要是破坏了藻类体内的叶绿素,进而导致藻类的死亡.     

典型华北农村地区冬季HONO的浓度水平及来源分析

气态亚硝酸(HONO)容易光解,是对流层大气羟基自由基(·OH)的重要来源之一,对区域二次污染的形成具有重要作用.我国在大气HONO观测研究方面主要集中在一些城市区域,而在我国北方农村区域的研究还鲜见报道.为此,本文利用亚硝酸在线分析仪(long path absorption photo meter,LOPAP)于2017年11月在中国科学院农村环境研究站(河北省望都县东白陀村)开展了为期一个月的HONO外场观测,并分析了HONO的浓度水平、变化特征及收支情况.大气HONO的浓度在观测期间呈现夜间高、白天低的日变化特征,夜间最高浓度(体积分数,下同)可达约3. 70×10-9,中午最低浓度也维持在0. 10×10-9以上,表明农村区域存在比较强的HONO来源.采暖前后CO浓度显著提高,而HONO浓度无显著变化,说明供暖燃烧对HONO的贡献较小;夜间机动车直接排放在污染天气和清洁天气条件下对HONO的贡献分别为23. 20%和31. 20%,说明在污染天气条件下存在着某些较强的HONO源;夜间·OH与NO的均相反应HONO平均生成速率可高达0. 40×10-9h-1,比NO2的非均相反应HONO生成速率(0. 24×10-9h-1)高0. 67倍,是HONO的主要来源; HONO在白天存在着很强的未知源,其强度可达1. 37×10-9h-1,对于HONO的贡献达到50%左右.     

Photolysis of Fe (III)-hydroxy complexes as sources of OH radicals in clouds,fog and rain

Photolysis of the monohydroxy complex of Fe(III), Fe(OH)²⁺, has been proposed as a major source of OH radicals in rain. It is also a significant source of OH radicals in clouds and fog, and probably in some acidic surface waters. Fe(OH)²⁺ is the dominant monomeric Fe(III)-hydroxy complex between pH 2.5 and 5, based on currently available equilibrium constants for Fe(III)-hydroxy complexes. Quantum efficiencies for the photolysis of Fe(OH)²⁺ are 0.04±0.04 at 313 nm and 0.017±0.003 at 360 nm (293 K, ionic strength = 0.03 M). The measured rate constant for midday June sunlight photolysis of Fe(OH)²⁺ is 6.3 × 10⁻⁴s⁻¹ (half life = 18 min). Model calculations based on measured quantum yields and absorption spectra are in satisfactory agreement with measured sunlight photolysis rates of monomeric Fe(III).     

Factors affecting airborne monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon uptake by plants

Three factors influencing foliar uptake of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs; benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes) in situ were investigated. The first factor, the plant species, was found to determine absorption pattern and concentrations. Secondly, time variation studies showed that response of leaf concentrations to small changes in air concentrations only occurs after several days or weeks, whereas adaptation to a much higher level of air pollution takes several months. Thirdly, MAH leaf concentrations were observed to be dependent on mean air pollution at the sampling site. Bioconcentration factors BCF_vs (g m⁻³ of wet leaf/g m⁻³ of air) for MAHs in Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco leaves were determined to range from 2.7 × 10⁴ to 4.7 × 10⁵.     

Removal of reactive gases at indoor surfaces: Combining mass transport and surface kinetics

The rate of deposition of reactive gaseous pollutants onto indoor surfaces is examined, taking into account mass transport processes and the kinetics of gas-surface interactions. A conceptual model for predicting indoor deposition velocities is proposed, and approximate analysis based on this model is used to obtain algebraic expressions for the deposition velocity of reactive gases under three model airflow conditions: (1) forced laminar convection parallel to a flat plate, (2) laminar natural convection flow along an isothermal vertical plate, and (3) homogeneous turbulence in an enclosure. Numerical simulations are used to refine the approximate analysis results and to predict reactive gas deposition under laminar natural convection flow in an enclosure. The kinetics of gas-surface interactions are modeled in terms of the reaction probability γ, defined as the fraction of pollutant molecular collisions with a surface that result in irreversible removal. Values of γ for the reaction of ozone with surfaces are obtained from published reaction chamber and tube penetration experiments. For common indoor materials, values range from as low as O(10⁻⁷) for glass and aluminium to O(10⁻⁵–10⁻⁴) for materials such as bricks, concrete and latex paint. Our results indicate that ozone deposition occurs at the transport-limited rate when γ > − 3 × 10⁻⁴ for typical indoor air flow conditions, and that ozone deposition can be predicted by surface kinetics alone if γ < ∼ 5 × 10⁻⁷.     

湛江市夏季大气挥发性有机物污染特征及来源解析

臭氧污染在全国呈加剧态势,在非重点区域和非重点城市其相关研究薄弱.在湛江市选取3个采样点,使用苏玛罐和2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)吸附管采样,并利用气相色谱-质谱/氢离子火焰检测器(GC-MS/FID)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)分析了101种挥发性有机物(VOCs),分析其主要组分和变化特点,计算VOCs的臭氧生成潜势(OFP),并利用正定矩阵因子分解模型(PMF)进行源解析.结果表明,采样期间湛江市φ(TVOCs)平均值为1.28×10^-7,其中OVOCs占比最高,为52%,其次为烷烃(36%)、烯烃(7%)、卤代烃(2.42%)、芳香烃(1.61%)和炔烃(0.78%).VOCs组分日变化特征表明,芳香烃和烷烃早晚体积分数高而中午低,受光化学反应影响大;而OVOCs在光化学反应强烈的中午体积分数低而傍晚高,表明傍晚采样点附近OVOCs直接排放增多或受到上风向污染源输送的影响.湛江市TVOCs的OFP为3.28×10^-7,优势物种为甲醛、1-丁烯、正丁烷、2-丁酮和乙醛.表征气团老化程度的X/E值和气团后向轨迹分析表明,采样期间,当受来自...     

上海市城区VOCs的年变化特征及其关键活性组分

2010年在上海市城区开展了为期一年的连续观测,采用自动在线GC-FID方法定量测试了大气中56个VOCs物种的浓度.结果发现,上海市城区大气VOCs的全年小时体积分数为(2.47~301.48)×10^-9,平均体积分数为(26.45±23.36)×10^-9,其中,烷烃占46.72%,芳香烃占33.18%,烯烃占11.33%,乙炔占8.76%.T/B(甲苯/苯)为3.51±2.40,表明气团除受机动车影响外,受溶剂、油气和LPG挥发等其他VOCs排放的影响也比较突出;E/E(乙烷/乙炔)为0.98±0.68,表明气团存在老化现象,且春冬季节气团光化学年龄相对较短,夏秋季节光化学年龄相对较长.VOCs的浓度水平和组成在不同风向风速影响下存在一定差异,西南部石化和化工企业排放的VOCs对城区的影响明显,其主要物种为芳香烃和烯烃;该地区气团的OH消耗速率常数(K^OH)为8.05×10^-12 cm³·分子^-1·s^-1,平均VOCs最大O₃增量反应活性(4.00 mol·mol^-1)与乙烯相当,平均反应活性较强;对OH消耗速率(L^OH)贡献率最大的是烯烃(42.21%)和芳香烃(40.83%),对臭氧生成潜势(OFP)贡献率最大的是芳香烃(62.75%)和烯烃(21.70%),VOCs的关键活性组分是二甲苯、甲苯、乙苯、乙烯、丙烯、反-2-丁烯及异戊二烯.     

Laboratory studies of some halogenated ethanes and ethers: Measurements of rates of reaction with OH and of infrared absorption cross-sections

We have measured, using a conventional discharge-flow resonance-fluorescence technique, the rates of reaction between the hydroxyl radical and a series of halogenated ethanes and ethers for the temperature range 230–423 K. Our measurements gave the following Arrhenius expressions (units are cm³ molecule⁻¹ s⁻¹): CF₂HCH₃ (HFC-152), 14.2 × 10⁻¹³ exp-(1050/T); CF₂ClCH₃ (HCFC-142b), 2.6 × 10⁻¹³ exp-(1230/T); CFCl₂CH₃ (HCFC-141b), 5.8 × 10⁻¹³ exp-(1100/T); CF₃CFH₂ (HFC-134a), 5.8 × 10⁻¹³ exp-(1350/T); CF₃CF₂H (HFC-125), 2.8 × 10⁻¹³ exp-(1350/T); CF₃CCl₂H (HCFC-123), 11.8 × 10⁻¹³ exp-(900/T); CF₂HOCF₂CFClH, (enflurane), 6.1 × 10⁻¹³ exp-(1080/T); CFH₂OCH(CF₃)₂, (sevoflurane), 15.3 × 10⁻¹³ exp-(900/T). In two cases, we measured rate constants only at room temperature: CF₃CClBrH (halothane), 6 × 10⁻¹⁴ and CF₂HOCClHCF₃ (isoflurane), 2.1 × 10⁻¹⁴.We also report the following values for the integrated absorption cross-sections of the compounds in the spectral region 800–1200 cm⁻¹ in units of cm⁻² atm⁻¹: CF₂HCH₃, 1155; CF₂ClCH₃, 1422; CFCl₂CH₃, 1995; CF₃CFH₂, 2686; CF₃CF₂H, 1970, CF₃CCl₂H, 1411; CF₃CClBrH, 1400; CF₂HOCF₂CFClH, 4800; CF₂HOCClHCF₃, 3900; CFH₂OCH(CF₃)₂, 2550. We use our measurements to calculate ozone depletion potentials and greenhouse warming potentials relative to CFCl₃ for each compound.