自动石墨消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中铅和镉

本文建立了一种自动石墨消解仪消解土壤样品,石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中的铅、镉的方法。铅、镉元素在标准曲线范围内线性良好,相关系数均大于0.999,检测限分别为0.02、0.007 mg/kg,加标回收率在90.8%~104.0%,方法重复性RSD(n=7)低于3%。实验结果表明,该方法操作简单、准确度高、精密度好、检测限低,可用于大批量土壤中铅、镉的测定。     

APDC-MIBK萃取火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中铅、镉的研究

通过试验研究,建立了硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解、APDC-MIBK萃取火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中的铅、镉.该方法铅的检出限为2mg/kg,镉的检出限为0.2mg/kg(按称取0.5g试样消解定容至50ml计算),用于不同地域堆肥样品测定,铅、镉的相对标准偏差(RsD)分别为2.29%～8.16%和5.17%～11.7%,加标回收率介于86.8%～107.2%和88.0%～108.0%之间.     

密闭微波消解 ICP- AES 法测定大气颗粒物中金属元素

采用过氯乙烯滤膜采集、密闭微波消解、电感耦合等离子发射光谱法测定大气颗粒物中铅、镍、铬、铜、铁、锌、锰、钡、镉,优化了试验条件.方法线性良好,各元素的检出限在0.001 mg/L～0.01 mg/L之间,滤膜样品测定的RSD为0.6%～2.9%,加标回收率为96.0%～105%.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收法测定土壤中铊

通过研究土壤消解体系、混合基体改进剂的使用、石墨管类型的选择和标准加入定量过程对测定结果的影响,建立了适用于土壤中重金属铊的微波消解-平台石墨炉原子吸收方法。结果表明,使用HNO_3-HF-H_2O_2消解体系对土壤进行微波消解,石墨炉原子吸收测定过程采用Pd(NO_3)_2/Mg(NO_3)_2混合基体改进剂和平台石墨管,土壤中铊的检出限可达0.05 mg/kg,线性相关系数为0.996,加标回收率在95.0%~105.0%。使用该方法测得的结果与ICP-MS法比较,无统计学差异。改进后的方法具有简单快捷、灵敏度高、重现性好、线性范围广、结果准确等优势,易于推广使用。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定农产品中痕量铍

采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定农产品中痕量铍,比较了微波消解和电热板消解两种前处理方法,选择了基体改良剂。方法在0μg／L—4.00μg／L范围内线性良好,微波消解法和电热板消解法的检出限分别为0.002mg／kg和0.0002mg／kg,标样平行测定的RSD为2.4％—4.1％,农产品加标回收率为80.0％—95.0％。     

微波消解-ICP-OES法测定蔬菜中的镉

采用微波消解-ICP-OES法测定蔬菜中的镉,选择了最佳微波消解条件,确定了分析线.方法检出限为0.002 μg/L,相对标准偏差为1.1%,加标回收率为100%～104%,与干灰化法作对照试验,测定结果经t检验无显著差异.     

微波消解-石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋沉积物中镉和铬

以硝酸作为消解液,采用微波消解仪对海洋沉积物进行消解,用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法测定消解液中的Cd和Cr。该方法在0μg/L~10.0μg/L范围内线性良好,Cd和Cr的方法检出限分别为0.04 mg/kg和2.0 mg/kg,实际样品的加标回收率在96.0%~100%之间,RSD为0.3%~5.2%。用该方法与国标法同时测定北部湾海域海洋沉积物实际样品,结果无明显差异,而该方法处理样品更为省时省力。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定无铅汽油中铅

探讨了用石墨炉原子吸收法测定无铅汽油中的铅。系统地研究了测定波长、测定浓度对测定方法的影响。提出了高浓度石墨炉原子吸收法测定无铅汽油中铅的方法。铅的检出限为 0 .0 0 5 mg/L,相对标准偏差 ( RSD,n=1 1 )在 1 .9%～2 .0 %之间 ,加标回收率在 95 .5 %～ 99.5 %之间     

原子吸收光谱法测定废气中的镉和铅

用硝酸和过氧化氢进行消解,用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了废气固定源中的镉和铅,用石墨炉原子吸心光谱法测定了废气散源中的镉和铅。     

土壤中铅和镉的萃取原子吸收测定

镉和铅属于低温原子化的元素。基体干扰对其测定影响颇大,而土壤的基体又较复杂,在进行镉和铅的测定时,要先用标准加入法检验,看是否有基体干扰。当基体成份无法知道,而镉和铅含量又很低时,可采用萃取直接石墨炉法测定。 本法采用土壤样品经王水—高氯酸—氢氟酸体系消解为水溶液后,用HNO_3—NaI/MIBK体系萃取,空气一乙炔火焰法在波长283.3nm测定铅。用HNO_3—NaI/MIBK体系萃取,直接将有机相进石墨炉,在波长228.8nm测定镉。     

Occurrence of phthalic acid esters in Gomti River Sediment, India

Cadmium and lead are important environmental pollutants with high toxicity to animals and human. Soils, though have considerable metal immobilizing capability, can contaminate food chain via plants grown upon them when their built-up occurs to a large extent. Present experiment was carried out with the objective of quantifying the limits of Pb and Cd loading in soil for the purpose of preventing food chain contamination beyond background concentration levels. Two separate sets of pot experiment were carried out for these two heavy metals with graded levels of application doses of Pb at 0.4–150 mg/kg and Cd at 0.02–20 mg/kg to an acidic light textured alluvial soil. Spinach crop was grown for 50 days on these treated soils after a stabilization period of 2 months. Upper limit of background concentration levels (C _ul) of these metals were calculated through statistical approach from the heavy metals concentration values in leaves of spinach crop grown in farmers’ fields. Lead and Cd concentration limits in soil were calculated by dividing C _ul with uptake response slope obtained from the pot experiment. Cumulative loading limits (concentration limits in soil minus contents in uncontaminated soil) for the experimental soil were estimated to be 170 kg Pb/ha and 0.8 kg Cd/ha. Based on certain assumptions on application rate and computed cumulative loading limit values, maximum permissible Pb and Cd concentration values in municipal solid waste (MSW) compost were proposed as 170 mg Pb/kg and 0.8 mg Cd/kg, respectively. In view of these limiting values, about 56% and 47% of the MSW compost samples from different cities are found to contain Pb and Cd in the safe range.     

濮阳工业园区土壤重金属背景值及质量评价

为了研究濮阳工业园区土壤重金属背景值,采集了该园区及周边土壤46个样品,测定了土壤中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd和Ni的含量,并采用污染负荷指数法和潜在生态危害指数法对土壤质量进行了评价。结果表明:工业园区土壤中Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Cd、Ni的背景值分别为36.2、118、49.2、40.6、0.125、15.3 mg/kg;Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd的含量高于河南省土壤重金属背景值;Pb为极强污染,Cu、Zn、Cd为中等污染,重金属污染程度从重到轻的排序为PbZnCuCd,表明濮阳工业园区土壤重金属具有轻微的潜在生态危害。     

某灌区土壤中重金属镉污染调查

对沈阳市郊某污灌区土壤中重金属镉的污染状况进行了调查.结果表明,2000年土壤中镉质量比为0.23 mg/kg～5.55 mg/kg,最高值超标17.5倍;平均值为2.02 mg/kg,属严重污染,污染程度仍处在停耕前水平;污灌区土壤镉含量与土壤深度有关,深度为16 cm～30 cm污染最重,51 cm～80 cm污染最轻.     

流动注射-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中铅

采用流动注射-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定土壤中的铅,工作曲线线性关系良好,检出限为0.25 mg/kg,相对标准偏差＜3.5%,加标回收率为93.0%～105%.该方法简便快速,测定结果准确可靠.     

固相萃取- GC/MS 法测定蔬菜水果中烯酰吗啉残留量

采用固相萃取-气相色谱／质谱联用法测定蔬菜水果中烯酰吗啉残留,优化了试验条件。方法在0.100mg／L－5.00mg／L范围内线性良好,最低检出限为0.0020mg／kg,实际样品测定的RSD≤4.6％,基质加标回收率为86.0％－96.0％。     

火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中铅

建立了硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸消解、火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定生活垃圾堆肥产品中铅的方法,试验了不同消解体系和共存离子对测定的影响.方法线性良好,检出限为20 mg/kg(按称取0.5 g试样消解定容至50 mL计算),对不同地域堆肥产品测定的RSD为2.6%～8.7%,加标回收率为89.0%～107%.     

ICP-MS法同时测定地表水中18种金属元素

以115In-103Rh为双内标校正系统,采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法同时测定地表水中铜、锌、硒、砷、汞、镉、铅、铁、锰、钼、钴、铍、锑、镍、钡、钒、钛、铊等18种金属元素,优化了测量同位素、内标元素等试验条件。18种金属元素在0μg/L～100μg/L范围内线性良好,检出限为0.006μg/L～0.123μg/L,标准样品的测定值均在保证值范围内,平行测定的RSD为1.7%～4.2%,实际水样加标回收率为89.0%～100%。     

气相色谱法测定鱼组织中的久效磷

采用气相色谱法氮磷检测器测定鱼肉和内脏中的久效磷含量。鱼肉或内脏匀浆后，用正己烷洗涤，二氯甲烷提了，以内标法定量分析，方法简单，灵敏，准确。当取鱼组织0．5g时，方法检测限为0．002mg/kg，加标回收率为72．6％－83．3％，相对标准差在3．3％－7．0％之间。     

Influence of paint chips on lead concentration in the soil of public playgrounds in Tokyo

Lead concentration in the surface soils from 31 playgrounds in a ward in Tokyo was measured to examine if paint chips, peeled off from playing equipment installed in the playgrounds, contribute to elevated Pb concentration in the soil of public playgrounds. Lead concentration in the paint chips sampled from playgrounds ranged from 0.003 to 8.9%. Lead concentration in the surface soil ranged from 15.2 to 237 mg kg(-1) (average, 55.5 mg kg(-1)) and higher Pb concentration was found in the soil near painted playing equipment indicating that paint chips from playing equipment contributed to increase soil Pb level of playgrounds in Tokyo. The degree of peeling-off of paint on the surface of playing equipment in the public playground (peeling-off index: POI) positively correlated with Pb concentration in the soil (Spearman rank-correlation coefficient, r = 0.366, p = 0.043). The stronger correlation between Pb concentration and isotope ratios (207Pb/206Pb and Pb conc., r = 0.536, p = 0.002, 208Pb/206Pb and Pb conc. r = 0.600, p < 0.001) than that between Pb and POI indicated that gasoline Pb contributed more to the playground-to-playground variation in soil Pb concentration. It was concluded that both gasoline Pb of the past and paint chips contributed to increased Pb concentration in the surface soil of playgrounds in Tokyo, though the contribution of paint chips is smaller than gasoline Pb.     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中的锶

建立了微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定土壤中锶的方法.用微波消解土壤、电热板加热赶酸的方法对土壤样品进行前处理,优化了微波消解条件.检出限为3.0 mg/kg,加标回收率为84.7％ ～ 107％,相对标准偏差均小于5％.方法快速、简便、准确度高、线性范围宽.