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采用常规膜生物反应器(CMBR)和复合式膜生物反应器(HMBR)处理城市生活污水,对HMBR的膜污染控制机理进行了研究。试验结果表明,HMBR能够有效去除胞外多聚物(EPS),反应器内溶解性EPS(S-EPS)、松散附着性EPS(LB-EPS)和紧密附着性EPS(TB-EPS)的含量比CMBR分别降低了42.8%、41.5%和2.1%。附着性EPS(B-EPS)特别是LB-EPS与活性污泥的物理性能密切相关,随着其含量的降低,HMBR中活性污泥的絮凝性能和沉淀性能比CMBR分别提高了24.4%和34.8%。由于滤饼层污泥主要来源于活性污泥,因此随着活性污泥絮凝性能和沉淀性能的提高,HMBR中的滤饼层比阻比CMBR降低了31.1%。作为结果,当跨膜压差(TMP)到达20 kPa时,HMBR运行了143 d,而CMBR仅运行了57 d。 相似文献
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在线超声对膜-生物反应器活性污泥混合液性质的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用在线超声控制膜-生物反应器的膜污染,通过测定活性污泥混合液絮体粒径、胞外多聚物含量、上清液有机物浓度、污泥浓度和黏度的变化,探讨了超声波对膜-生物反应器中活性污泥混合液性质的影响.结果表明:在线超声使污泥絮体破碎,其平均粒径与未施加超声波的系统相比降低约20μm左右;污泥胞外聚合物含量降低(28±5)mg·g-1左右,致使混合液上清液TOC增加;但同时超声波的施加可以降低污泥浓度和混合液黏度,使混合液膜过滤性得到改善,有助于膜污染的控制. 相似文献
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一体式膜-生物反应器长期运行中的膜污染控制 总被引:60,自引:3,他引:60
考察一体式膜-生物反应器运行过程中的膜污染情况,探讨造成膜污染的原因和膜污染的控制方法.结果表明,膜内表面微生物的滋生和膜外表面污泥层的附着是造成本试验膜污染的重要因素.采用2% ~5% 的次氯酸钠溶液进行在线药洗可以有效地去除膜内表面滋生的微生物,使膜过滤压差下降7.7~52kPa;停止进出水,加大曝气量进行空曝气是去除膜外表面附着污泥层的重要手段,可以使膜过滤压差下降3.8~10.8kPa;采用处理出水进行反冲洗虽然有时可以使膜过滤压差出现较大程度的降低,但随之会出现出水水质恶化,膜过滤压差急剧升高的现象. 相似文献
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膜生物反应器运行中的膜污染问题 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
这了各国研究者针对膜生物反应器中的膜污染问题所作的工作,认为膜本身的性质以及废水组成和工艺条件都是造成膜污染的主要原因,利用反冲洗和清洗手段,可以有效地改善膜的性能,以提高膜的寿命,膜生物反应器技术的改进是避免膜污染的新思路。 相似文献
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一体式膜生物反应器出水方式对膜污染的影响 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
探讨了一体式膜生物反应器出水方式对膜污染的影响和采用Flundlich等温吸附方程来表征膜污染的可行性.在相同运行条件下,实验测得真空抽吸-空气反吹、真空泵抽吸和自吸水泵抽吸3种出水方式的吸附曲线方程依次为2.59c1/0.957e 、7.415c1/1.369e和7.10c1/1.015e. 试验结果表明,膜生物反应器的出水方式对膜污染有明显的影响,其中真空抽吸-空气反吹间隙运行方式引起的膜污染程度最轻.采用Flundlich等温吸附方程表征膜污染状况是可行的. 相似文献
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Sui Pengzhe Wen Xianghua Huang Xia 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(3):362-367
In this study, ultrasound was used to control the membrane fouling online in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Short-term
running experiments were carried out under different operating conditions to explore feasible ultrasonic parameters. The experimental
results indicated that when the crossflow velocity was more than 1.0 m/s, membrane fouling could be controlled effectively
only by hydrodynamic methods without ultrasound. When ultrasound was applied, an ultrasonic power range of 60–150 W was suitable
for the membrane fouling control in the experimental system. The experimental results showed that the membrane fouling was
controlled so well that membrane filtration resistance (ΣR) could stay at 5 × 1011 m−1 for more than a week with the crossflow velocity of 0.75 m/s, which equaled the effect of crossflow velocity of more than
1.0 m/s without ultrasound.
Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2006, 7(4): 25–29 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备] 相似文献
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膜-生物反应器中活性污泥沉降性能与膜污染相关性研究 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
结合连续流小试,对膜.生物反应器运行过程中,活性污泥沉降性能的变化及其对膜污染的影响进行了研究.结果表明,随着运行时间的增长,该系统内丝状菌大量繁殖,活性污泥沉降性能变差,SVI值升高.随之,膜过滤压差(过滤阻力)平均上升速率有所增加,膜过滤周期缩短.膜过滤压差的“两阶段性(平缓上升期和加速上升期)”变化规律趋于明显,平缓上升期和加速上升期的膜过滤压差上升速率随污泥SVI值的升高分别呈现下降和上升的趋势.污泥沉降性能的变化对膜污染过程产生明显影响.电镜观察表明,污泥沉降性能对膜过滤压差的影响与膜面污染层的结构和厚度有关. 相似文献
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Study on membrane fouling of submerged membrane bioreactor in treating
bathing wastewater 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
A pilot-scale submerged membrane bioreactor (MBR) was used to treat the bathing wastewater for more than 90 d. Several factors affecting membrane fouling were studied, including the variation in transmembrane pressure (TMP), changes in extracellular polymeric substance (EPS), and distribution of membrane resistance (R). The relationships between R and EPS concentration were found to be R = 0.00008(EPSS)2.915 in the mixed liquor (EPSS) and R = 0.2853(EPSm) - 0.824 on the membrane surface (EPSm). The constant... 相似文献
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淹没式膜生物反应器中膜污染机理的研究 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:4
为减小微生物絮体对膜的污染,设计了一种具有沉降室的膜生物反应器,膜A与膜B分别淹没在上清液和污泥混合液中以相同的抽吸方式运行,与预期结果相反,膜A比膜B的污染速度还快.为探讨膜污染机理,考察了污泥混合液中不同组分对膜污染的影响,利用扫描电镜和原子力显微镜分析了膜面污染层的特征.结果发现,在污泥混合液与上清液中膜面污染层在微观结构上存在显差异,其方差平均粗糙度Rms分别为132.3nm和75.2nm.经膜污染机理分析认为:微生物絮体和大分子有机物会在膜面形成污染层,该污染层作为“二次膜”影响膜过滤性能.上清液中细小的微生物絮体和大分子有机物形成的污染层相对致密,会加剧膜污染. 相似文献
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Jinxue Luo Jinsong Zhang Xiaohui Tan Diane McDougal Guoqiang Zhuang Anthony G. Fane Staffan Kjelleberg Yehuda Cohen Scott A. Rice 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015
Biofilmformation, one of the primary causes of biofouling, results in reducedmembrane flux or increased transmembrane pressure and thus represents a major impediment to the wider implementation of membrane bioreactor (MBR) technologies for water purification. Most studies have focused on the role of bacteria in membrane fouling as they are the most dominant and best studied organisms present in the MBR. In contrast, there is limited information on the role of the archaeal community in biofilm formation in MBRs. This study investigated the composition of the archaeal community during the process of biofouling in an MBR. The archaeal community was observed to have lower richness and diversity in the biofilmthan the sludge during the establishment of biofilms at low transmembrane pressure (TMP). Clustering of the communities based on the Bray-Curtis similarity matrix indicated that a subset of the sludge archaeal community formed the initial biofilms. The archaeal community in the biofilm was mainly composed of Thermoprotei, Thermoplasmata, Thermococci, Methanopyri, Methanomicrobia and Halobacteria. Among them, the Thermoprotei and Thermoplasmata were present at higher relative proportions in the biofilms than they were in the sludge. Additionally, the Thermoprotei, Thermoplasmata and Thermococci were the dominant organisms detected in the initial biofilms at low TMP, while as the TMP increased, the Methanopyri, Methanomicrobia, Aciduliprofundum and Halobacteria were present at higher abundances in the biofilms at high TMP. 相似文献
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Jinxue Luo Jinsong Zhang Xiaohui Tan Diane McDougald Guoqiang Zhuang Anthony G.Fane Staffan Kjelleberg Yehuda Cohen Scott A.Rice 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,(3):115-123
Biofilm formation, one of the primary causes of biofouling, results in reduced membrane flux or increased transmembrane pressure and thus represents a major impediment to the wider implementation of membrane bioreactor(MBR) technologies for water purification. Most studies have focused on the role of bacteria in membrane fouling as they are the most dominant and best studied organisms present in the MBR. In contrast, there is limited information on the role of the archaeal community in biofilm formation in MBRs. This study investigated the composition of the archaeal community during the process of biofouling in an MBR. The archaeal community was observed to have lower richness and diversity in the biofilm than the sludge during the establishment of biofilms at low transmembrane pressure(TMP). Clustering of the communities based on the Bray–Curtis similarity matrix indicated that a subset of the sludge archaeal community formed the initial biofilms. The archaeal community in the biofilm was mainly composed of Thermoprotei, Thermoplasmata,Thermococci, Methanopyri, Methanomicrobia and Halobacteria. Among them, the Thermoprotei and Thermoplasmata were present at higher relative proportions in the biofilms than they were in the sludge. Additionally, the Thermoprotei, Thermoplasmata and Thermococci were the dominant organisms detected in the initial biofilms at low TMP, while as the TMP increased, the Methanopyri, Methanomicrobia, Aciduliprofundum and Halobacteria were present at higher abundances in the biofilms at high TMP. 相似文献
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Sun Yujiao Wang Yong Huang Xia 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2007,1(2):221-225
The evolution of activated sludge settleability and its relationship to membrane fouling in a submerged membrane bioreactor
were studied at a lab-scale equipment fed with synthetic wastewater. It was found that sludge volume index (SVI) gradually
increased and the sludge settleability was reduced, which was caused by the propagation of filamentous bacteria. With increasing
SVI, the average increasing rate of trans-membrane pressure increased, the stable filtration period was shortened, and the
two stages (smooth stage and accelerating stage) of the trans-membrane pressure were more obvious. At the same time, the increasing
rate of trans-membrane pressure at the smooth stage decreased and the rate at the accelerating stage increased with SVI, respectively.
The observation by using scanning electronic microscopes showed the cake layer with loose structure and large thickness formed
on the membrane surface due to the appearance of filamentous bacteria and high SVI in sludge. Influence of the sludge settleability
on the trans-membrane pressure was related to the structure and thickness of the cake layer on the membrane.
Translated from ACTA Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(3): 396–400 [译自: 环境科学学报] 相似文献
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Effect of sludge retention time on sludge characteristics and
membrane fouling of membrane bioreactor 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Three identical membrane bioreactors (MBRs) were operated over 2 years at different sludge retention time (SRT) of 10 d, 40 d and no sludge withdrawal (NS), to elucidate and quantify the effect of SRT on the sludge characteristics and membrane fouling. The hydraulic retention times of these MBRs were controlled at 12 h. With increasing SRT, the sludge concentrations in the MBRs increased, whereas the ratio of volatile suspended solid to the total solid decreased, and the size of sludge granule diminished in the meantime. A higher sludge concentration at long SRT could maintain a better organic removal efficiency, and a longer SRT was propitious to the growth of nitrifiers. The performance of these MBRs for the removal of COD and NH4+-N did not change much with different SRTs. However, the bioactivity decreased as SRT increase. The measurement of specific oxygen uptake rates (SOUR) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes testified that SOUR and the proportion of the bacteria-specific probe EUB338 in all DAPI-stainable bacteria decreased with increasing SRT. The concentrations of total organic carbon, protein, polysaccharides and soluble extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) in the mixed liquor supernatant also decreased with increasing SRT. The membrane fouling rate was higher at shorter SRT, and the highest fouling rate appeared at a SRT of 10 d. Both the sludge cake layer and gel layer had contribution to the fouling resistance, but the relative contribution of the gel layer decreased as SRT increase. 相似文献