枯落物输入对白洋淀浅水湖泊氮转化的影响

以白洋淀浅水湖泊沉积物和上覆水为研究对象,通过45 d室内厌氧培养实验,探究了不同氮水平条件下枯落物添加(芦苇、篦齿眼子菜、芦苇+篦齿眼子菜)对沉积物-水体系中无机氮转化的影响.结果 表明,枯落物添加显著增加了沉积物和水中的铵态氮含量、无机氮含量及净氮矿化速率(p＜0.05),而显著降低了水中硝态氮含量(p＜0.05)...     

Effects of sediment dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake

Effects of suction dredging on water quality and zooplankton community structure in a shallow of eutrophic lake,were evaluated.The results showed that a decreasing trend for levels of phosphorus,organic matter,total suspended solids,Chlorophyll a and Secchi transparency in the water column was found,while levels of water depth,electrical conductivity,total dissolved solids and NO 3--N concentration increased markedly post-dredging.The effects of dredging on dissolved oxygen,pH value and temperature were alm...     

Characteristics and distribution of phosphorus in surface sediments of a shallow lake

Phosphorus ( P ) in sediments plays an important role in shallow lake ecosystems and has a major effect on the lake environment. The mobility and bioavailability of P primarily depend on the contents of different P forms, which in turn depend on the sedimentary environment.Here, sediment samples from Baiyangdian (BYD) lake were collected and measured by the Standards, Measurements, and Testing procedure and Phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P NMR) to characterize different P forms and their relationships with sediment physicochemical properties. The P content in the sediments varied in different areas and had haracteristics indicative of exogenous river input. Inorganic P (334–916 mg/kg) was the dominant form of P . The 31P NMR results demonstrated that orthophosphate monoesters (16–110 mg/kg), which may be a source of P when redox conditions change, was the dominant form of organic P (20–305 mg/kg). The distribution of P forms in each region varied greatly because of the effects of anthropogenic activities, and the regions affected by exogenous river input had a higher content of P and a higher risk of P release. Principal component analysis indicated that P bound to Fe, Al, and Mn oxides and hydroxides (NaOH-P) and organic P were mainly derived from industrial and agricultural pollution, respectively. Redundancy analysis indicated that increases in pH lead to the release of NaOH-P. Organic matter plays an important role in the organic P biogeochemical cycle, as it acts as a sink and source of organic P .     

影响水中COD测定值关键因素的探讨

随着国家节能减排工作的大力推进,COD作为减排中四个重要约束性指标之一,其分析的准确性极大地影响着COD减排工作的顺利实施。本文根据《水质化学需氧量的测定重铬酸盐法》（GB11914—89）,结合《水质采样技术指导》（HJ494-2009）要求及笔者多年COD分析测试工作经验,着重探讨重铬酸盐法中水样中悬浮物及氯离子对测定结果的影响,以求在实际工作中能更准确、更方便地完成水样中COD的分析工作。     

Evidence of temperature-controlled dissolved inorganic nitrogen distribution in a shallow lake

Dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) plays an important role in aquatic ecosystems as an available source of nitrogen (N). Despite recent advances in our understanding of the effects of climate change on DIN in coastal waters, shallow high-latitude lakes exposed to large seasonal temperature differences have received limited research attention. Therefore, in the present study, Baiyangdian Lake (BYDL) was selected as the study area, as a typical high latitude shallow lake in North China. Based on water and sediment samples collected in spring, summer and winter seasons, DIN accumulation in sedimentary pore water and DIN diffusion fluxes at the sediment-water interface were quantified under different temperature conditions. Correlation analysis was used to establish the effects of temperature on DIN concentration and diffusion in different media. Results show that the diffusion of DIN at the lake sediment-water interface exhibited a strongly positive relationship with temperature, suggesting that high temperature conditions lead to greater DIN release from sediments. Cold temperatures cause DIN accumulation in sedimentary pore water, providing sufficient substrate for N-related bacteria in the sediment under cold temperature conditions. Temperature controls the vertical distribution of DIN by affecting its migratory diffusion and transformation at the sediment-water interface. These findings are valuable for understanding the impact of climate change on the distribution of N in inland shallow lakes, especially in high latitude shallow lakes subjected to large seasonal temperature differences throughout the year.     

浅水湖泊水生植物适宜生物量评估方法的探讨

总结了水生植物对湖泊生态系统的影响、水生植物生物量控制与收割管理的研究,分析了目前浅水富营养化湖泊恢复过程中水生植物生物量确定方法的不足;立足于水生植物生长特点,提出了基于湖泊生态模型的浅水湖泊大型水生植物在生长期和衰亡期的适宜生物量评估方法的研究框架,本文可为指导湖泊生态修复工程及其后续维护,为完善健康湖泊的综合评价标准和湖泊生态修复理论提供科学支撑.     

主要环境因子对虾类免疫反应及疾病发生的影响

就主要环境冈子包括温度、盐度和溶解氧等理化参数,氨氮、亚硝酸氮和硫化物等环境污染物对于虾类免疫反应以及疾病发生的影响进行综述.首先讨论了上述环境因子对虾类免疫反应的影响.介绍了各种环境因子的作用机理,对于虾类免疫指标的影响.其次讨论了环境因子对虾类疾病发生的影响,重点分析了温度对白斑综合症发生的影响.最后,根据国内外研究现状提出了今后应当重视开展的4项工作.     

Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom

Surface sediments are closely related to lake black blooms. The dissolved oxygen （DO） distribution and its penetration depth in surface sediments as well as the migration and transformation of redox sensitive elements such as Fe and S at the sediment-water interface are important factors that could influence the formation of the black bloom. In this study, dredged and undredged sediment cores with different surface properties were used to simulate black blooms in the laboratory. The Micro Profiling System was employed to explore features of the DO and ∑H2S distribution at the sediment-water interface. Physical and chemical characteristics in sediments and pore waters were also analyzed. The results showed that sediment dredging effectively suppressed the black blooms. In the undredged treatment, DO penetration depth was only 50 μm. Fe^2＋ concentrations, ∑H2S concentrations, and ∑H2S production rates were remarkably higher in surface sediments and pore waters compared to control and dredged treatments. Furthermore, depletion of DO and accumulation of Fe^2＋ and ∑H2S in surface sediments and pore waters provided favorable redox environments and necessary material sources for the blooms. The study results proved that physical and chemical characteristics in surface sediments are important factors in the formation of the black bloom, and could provide scientific guidance for emergency treatment and long-term pre-control of black blooms.     

Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom

In page 2357 of the published paper(Shen Q S, et al. Effects of physical and chemical characteristics of surface sediments in the formation of shallow lake algae-induced black bloom. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2013, 25(12): 2353-2360), the units of the Fe²⁺ and Oxal-Fe²⁺ in Fig. 3(a) and Fig. 5 should be "mg/g" rather than "mg/kg".     

九龙江流域上游浅水湖泊富营养化机制

基于对九龙江上游龙潭湖富营养化水体和沉积物现状的监测结果,通过与国内富营养化深水湖库和流域下游大型富营养化浅水湖泊进行对比,深入探讨了流域上游浅水湖泊富营养化发生的原因及主导机制.流域上游浅水湖泊具有外源污染物输入较少的特点,较下游大型浅水湖泊更易受温度等气候条件和沉积物氧化还原状态的影响,以及外源输入总磷控制具有较强的滞后效应,因此对流域上游浅水湖泊富营养化的控制必须重视内源营养盐释放,特别是结合态磷的内源释放问题.     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes. Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

浅水湖泊群水质模型的近似解析解法

为了实现在一般微机上也能模拟浅水湖泊群的水质变化，从水质变化的基本控制方程出发，根据浅水湖泊群的水流特征与污染物迁移特性，首先建立了浅水湖泊群ＢＯＤ－ＤＯ模型，然后针对恒定水流和污染源稳定排放污水的情形，把处于湖泊边界上的污染源所面临的湖面视为半无限区域，并考虑到浓度的可叠加性，提出了浅水湖泊群ＢＯＤ－ＤＯ模型的近似解析解法。实例结果表明，这种解法计算工作量和存储量都较小，在一般微机上即能进行，且计算准确度基本上能满足工程实际要求。     

湖泊水动力模型外部输入条件不确定性和敏感性分析

以我国典型的大型浅水湖泊太湖为研究区域,采用国内外常用的环境流体动力学模型(EFDC),结合拉丁超立方取样(LHS)方法,研究湖泊水动力模型中4个重要的外部输入条件,即3个边界输入条件(出入湖流量、风速、风向)和1个初始输入条件(初始水位),对模型水动力模拟结果(水位、水龄以及流场)的影响与贡献.结果表明,初始水位的设定对模拟全湖水位和水龄产生决定性影响,不确定性的贡献率分别达到85.73%和66.125%,对垂向平均流速影响的贡献率只有3%;风速对表面流速模拟结果影响较大,贡献率达到58.70%,而对水位和水龄的贡献率分别为5.25%和3.00%.在垂向上,各层流速受外部输入条件不确定性的影响规律相似,贡献率排序为风速(55%~60%)>风向(10%~15%)>初始水位≈出入湖流量(1%~5%).因此在模拟大型浅水湖泊水动力过程时,可以根据不同的输出目标能够有针对性地提高外部输入条件的准确度,为提高模型精确度提供有效信息.     

环境因子对湖泊沉积物中吸附态磷化氢生成和释放的影响

以富营养化湖泊的沉积物湿样为研究对象,采用室内模拟的方法,考察了pH、温度和氧气对沉积物中吸附态磷化氢生成和释放的影响．结果表明,实验过程维持pH值动态恒定,当起始pH值为1或12时,沉积物磷化氢消失很快;起始pH值为10时,吸附态磷化氢的净积累量较大;起始pH值4～12的条件下,向沉积物一水体系中加碱可使吸附态磷化氢的积累量增加．温度对吸附态磷化氢的生成和释放均有影响,20℃时沉积物中吸附态磷化氢的净积累量最大．氧气对吸附态磷化氢的影响不显．沉积物中吸附态磷化氢的净含量是其生成和释放相互平衡后的结果．     

湖泊水动力模型外部输入条件不确定性和敏感性分析

以我国典型的大型浅水湖泊太湖为研究区域,采用国内外常用的环境流体动力学模型(EFDC),结合拉丁超立方取样(LHS)方法,研究湖泊水动力模型中4个重要的外部输入条件,即3个边界输入条件(出入湖流量、风速、风向)和1个初始输入条件(初始水位),对模型水动力模拟结果(水位、水龄以及流场)的影响与贡献.结果表明,初始水位的设定对模拟全湖水位和水龄产生决定性影响,不确定性的贡献率分别达到85.73%和66.125%,对垂向平均流速影响的贡献率只有3%;风速对表面流速模拟结果影响较大,贡献率达到58.70%,而对水位和水龄的贡献率分别为5.25%和3.00%.在垂向上,各层流速受外部输入条件不确定性的影响规律相似,贡献率排序为风速(55%~60%)>风向(10%~15%)>初始水位≈出入湖流量(1%~5%).因此在模拟大型浅水湖泊水动力过程时,可以根据不同的输出目标能够有针对性地提高外部输入条件的准确度,为提高模型精确度提供有效信息.     

论浅水湖泊中的水固交错带与科学清淤规划——以雄安新区白洋淀为例

本文从雄安新区白洋淀科学清淤规划的重要性入手,提出水固交错带这一新型生态交错带研究的理念.重点关注由于沉积物形成过程和结构不同导致的污染物在水相、固相和气相及在水-固界面和水-气界面等区域的地球化学循环过程与机制的差异,以及与其对应的特异性水生态和底栖生态修复理念与设计.基于这一理念,结合白洋淀内源污染治理的需求,进一步提出了"基于弹性机制的生态空间重构"的工作设想.以此抛砖引玉,深入探讨沉积物-水微界面过程机制,以及相应的特殊宏观生态效应与污染控制,推动环境水质学领域的研究与发展.     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 >DGT_0.78 >DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake, Lake Taihu, China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

Mobility and sulfidization of heavy metals in sediments of a shallow eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu,China

The technique of DGT (diffusive gradients in thin films) using three diffusive gel thicknesses was applied to estimate the mobility and bioavailability of heavy metals in sediments and porewater of Lake Taihu, China. The DGT results showed significantly positive correlations between Co, Pb, Cd and Mn, and Ni and Fe concentrations in porewater. Cu and Zn showed a significantly negative correlation with Mn, due to Cu combination with carbonates and Zn derived from agricultural pollution, respectively. The rank order of average concentrations of Co, Ni and Cd at each station was DGT_1.92 > DGT_0.78 > DGT_0.39, suggesting stronger resupply from sediments to porewater when using thicker diffusive gels. Comparing centrifugation and DGT measurements, Co, Ni and Cd are highly labile; Mn and Fe are moderately labile; and Cu, Zn and Pb are slightly labile. The variations of AVS concentrations in sediment cores indicate that metal sulfides in deeper layers are easily diffused into surface sediments.     

Response of organic carbon burial to trophic level changes in a shallow eutrophic lake in SE China

Lakes are an important component of terrestrial carbon cycling. As the trend of eutrophication in many lakes continues, the mechanisms of organic carbon(OC) burial remain unclear. This paper aims to understand the distribution of OC and the effect of trophic level changes on OC burial in Chaohu Lake, a shallow eutrophic lake located in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, SE China. Two hundred and one surface sediment samples(0–20 cm) and 53 subsurface samples(150–200 cm) from the lake were collected.The OC accumulation rates(OCARs) are relatively low, with an average of 10.01 g/m2/year in the surface sediments. The spatial distribution of the OCARs is similar to that of allochthonous OC. The difference in total phosphate(TP) content between the surface and subsurface sediments(ΔTP) is significantly correlated with the autochthonous OC,suggesting that TP loading is a critical limiting nutrient for the lake's primary productivity.It is concluded that allochthonous OC is the dominant source of total OC in surface sediments compared to autochthonous OC. The primary productivity of Lake Chaohu increased due to increasing nutrient loading. However, the autochthonous OC contributed11% of the total OC in the surface sediments. This could be ascribed to strong mineralization in the water column or surface sediments.