Degradation of phenol in an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperatureKE

A synthetic wastewater containing phenol as sole substrate was treated in a 2.8 L upflow anaerobic sludge blanket(UASB) reactor at ambient temperature. The operation conditions and phenol removal efficiency were discussed, microbial population in the UASB sludge was identified based on DNA cloning, and pathway of anaerobic phenol degradation was proposed. Phenol in wastewater was degraded in an UASB reactor at loading rate up to 18 gCOD/(L·d), With a 1:1 recycle ratio, at 26(1℃, pH 7.0-7.5. An UASB reactor was able to remove 99% of phenol up to 1226 mg/L in wastewater with 24 h of hydraulic retention time(HRT). For HRT below 24 h, phenol degradation efficiency decreased with HRT, from 95.4% at 16 h to 93.8% at 12 h. It further deteriorated to 88.5% when HRT reached 8 h. When the concentration of influent phenol of the reactor was 1260 mg/L(corresponding COD 3000 mg/L), with the HRT decreasing(from 40 h to 4 h, corresponding COD loading increasing), the biomass yields tended to increase from 0.265 to 3.08 g/(L·d). While at 12 h of HRT, the biomass yield was lower. When HRT was 12 h, the methane yield was 0.308 L/(gCOD removed), which was the highest. Throughout the study, phenol was the sole organic substrate. The effluent contained only residual phenol without any detectable intermediates, such as benzoate, 4-hydrobenzoate or volatile fatty acids(VFAs). Based on DNA cloning analysis, the sludge was composed of five groups of microorganisms. Desulfotomaculum and Clostridium were likely responsible for the conversion of phenol to benzoate, which was further degraded by Syntrophus to acetate and H2/CO2. Methanogens lastly converted acetate and H2/CO2 to methane. The role of epsilon-Proteobacteria was, however, unsure.     

林可霉素生产废水的厌氧生物处理工艺

采用单相中温升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器厌氧生物工艺处理含有有毒难降解有机物的林可霉素生产废水.当进水COD 8000～14000 mg/L,HRT约10h时,COD容积负荷可达20～35kg/(m³·d),COD去除率为50%～55%.适时调整并维持较高的表面水力负荷[0.2～0.4 m³/(m²·h)]、较高的进水有机基质浓度(COD为2000～3000mg/L)和污泥COD负荷[0.2～0.5 kg/(kg·d)],并适当延长启动驯化时间可培养出沉降性好、污泥活性较高的颗粒污泥.废水厌氧生物降解动力学符合Monod方程,动力学常数V_max=1.3 d^-1,K_s=8133mg/L.废水中不可生物降解物质占总COD的比例约为30%,这是废水COD去除率偏低的重要因素.     

HRT对糖蜜废水发酵产氢的影响

采用自制的UASB反应器,以糖蜜废水为底物,接种絮状污泥进行HRT对发酵制氢的影响研究.结果表明:在温度为(37±1)℃,进水COD浓度为4 000 mg/L,出水pH为4.6～5的条件下,HRT在8～6 h范围时,反应器的产气速率和产氢速率达到最大并保持稳定,平均值分别为41 L/d和21 L/d左右,氢气含量稳定在...     

UASB启动运行特征及互营丙酸氧化菌定量分析

为揭示升流式厌氧污泥床（UASB）反应器启动运行效能与互营丙酸降解菌群数量之间的关系,以稀释的玉米淀粉生产废水为底物,考察了UASB启动期的运行特征,并采用实时荧光定量PCR技术（qPCR）分析了互营丙酸降解菌群（丙酸氧化菌和产甲烷菌）的演替规律.结果表明,在进水COD 2000mg/L和水力停留时间（HRT）24h条件下,经过38d的连续运行,COD去除率达到了91.9%.当HRT分阶段缩短至8h时,比产甲烷速率达到了315LCH₄/（kg COD·d）,且形成了沉降性能良好的颗粒污泥.qPCR检测结果表明,至少有5种已鉴定的丙酸氧化菌存在于UASB反应器中.Pelotomaculum propionicum为接种污泥中的主要丙酸氧化菌,约占检测到丙酸氧化菌总数的45.7%.它的数量随着HRT缩短不断减少.而Syntrophobacter sulfatireducens和S.wolinii的数量随着HRT缩短不断增加,并在启动完成时达到最大值,分别为1.3×10³,5.5×10³个16S rRNA基因拷贝数/ng DNA,演替成为成熟颗粒污泥中的优势丙酸氧化菌群.Methanobacterium和Methanosarcina为接种污泥中的主要氢营养型产甲烷菌和乙酸营养型产甲烷菌,其数量随着HRT的缩短而逐渐减少,而Methanospirillum和Methanosaeta的数量随HRT的缩短逐渐增加,成为成熟颗粒污泥中的优势产甲烷菌群.     

Enhanced anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater with methanol addition

Coal gasification effluent is a typical refractory industrial wastewater with a very poor anaerobic biodegradability due to its toxicity.Methanol was introduced to improve anaerobic biodegradability of real coal gasification wastewater,and the effect of methanol addition on the performance was investigated in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 24 hr.Experimental results indicated that anaerobic treatment of coal gasification wastewater was feasible with the addition of methanol.The corresponding maximum COD and phenol removal rates were 71% and 75%,respectively,with methanol concentration of 500 mg COD/L for a total organic loading rate of 3.5 kg COD/(m3 ·day) and a phenol loading rate of 0.6 kg/(m3 ·day).The phenol removal rate was not improved with a higher methanol concentration of 1000 mg COD/L.Substrate utilization rate (SUR) tests indicated that the SURs of phenol were 106,132,and 83 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) at methanol concentrations of 250,500,and 1000 mg COD/L,respectively,and only 45 mg phenol/(g VSS·day) in the control reactor.The presence of methanol could reduce the toxicity of coal gasification wastewater and increase the biodegradation of phenolic compounds.     

A two-stage anaerobic system for biodegrading wastewater containing terephthalic acid and high strength easily degradable pollutants

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｅｒｅｐｈｔｈａｌｉｃａｃｉｄ (ＴＡ)ｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｒａｗｍａｔｅｒｉａｌｓｗｉｄｅｌｙｕｓｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｐｅｔｒｏｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｓｉｎｄｕｓｔｒｙｓｕｃｈａｓｒｅｓｉｎ ,ｔｅｒｙｌｅｎｅｆｉｂｒｅ ,ｐｌａｓｔｉｃｆｉｌｍａｎｄｄｙｅａｎｄｓｏｏｎ .Ｉｎ 1999,ｔｈｅｔｏｔａｌｏｕｔｐｕｔｏｆＴＡｗａｓａｂｏｕｔ10 0ｂｉｌｌｉｏｎｔｏｎｐｅｒｙｅａｒ,ａｎｄｃｏｕｎｔｒｉｅｓｏｒａｒｅａｓｐｒｏｄｕｃｉｎｇＴＡｉｎｃｌｕｄｅＵＳＡ ,Ｊａｐａｎ ,Ｓｏｕ…     

ATP as an indicator of biomass activity in thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

This work investigated the biomass activity in a thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor of wastewater treatment. Synthetic textile wastewater with pH 10-11, COD level of 2000-3000 mg/L was tested. Cellular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in volatile solids (VS; mg ATP/gVS) was measured and expressed as specific ATP content to compare the biomass activity in up zone and lower zone in UASB reactor. The result shows that the specific ATP content based on total volatile solids (VS)in lower zone (0. 046 mgATP/gVS average) is much lower than that in up zone (0.62 mgATP/gVS average) due to high content of inactive biomass and high pH in lower zone. The SATP in up zone increases as HRT increases and approaches to a maximum value of 0.85 mgATP/gVS at HRT of 7h, then decreases. It shows most of the total VS in up zone represent active bacterial biomass at HRT of 7h. Rate of subtract utilization is directly related to the activity of microorganisms in the reactor. The effect of HRT on SATP in lower zone is not as significant as on SATP in up zone. The buffer capacity of the thermophilic UASB reactor is very good. It is the activity of sludge granules in lower zone that give the UASB reactor such a good buffer capacity to the inlet high pH.     

ATP as an indicator of biomass activity in thermophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅ ｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙａｎｄａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆｍｉｃｒｏｏｒｇａｎｉｓｍｓ ｐｒｅｓｅｎｔｅｄｉｎａｂｉｏｒｅａｃｔｏｒａｒｅｔｗｏｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｓｔｈａｔｄｅｔｅｒｍｉｎｅｔｈｅｒｅａｃｔｏｒｐｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｉｎｗａｓｔｅｗａｔｅｒｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ.Ｔｈｅｃｏｎｖｅｎｔｉｏｎａｌｐａｒａｍｅｔｅｒｆｏｒｂｉｏｍａｓｓｑｕａｎｔｉｔｙｍｅａｓｕｒｅｓｉｓｔｏｔａｌｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｓｏｌｉｄ (ＴＳＳ)ｏｒｖｏｌａｔｉｌｅｓｕｓｐｅｎｄｅｄｓｏｌ…     

常温下内循环厌氧反应器的启动研究

研究了内循环厌氧反应器(IC反应器)在常温下处理葡萄糖配水的启动特性。结果表明:在运行温度为25~35℃的条件下,反应器经70 d启动完成,且IC反应器具有较好的处理效果,反应器内能形成大量的颗粒污泥。启动完成后,进水COD浓度在3 000 mg/L左右时,COD去除率一直保持在95%以上,出水COD浓度维持在200 mg/L左右。当HRT为5.8 h,容积负荷为11.9 kg/(m3.d)时,出水VFA低于200 mg/L,产气量为33 L/d,反应器运行正常。     

电化学氧化与厌氧技术联用处理垃圾渗沥水

采用电化学氧化与上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)结合技术,提出了处理香港垃圾渗沥水的二步法工艺.对含COD和NH₃-N分别为4750mg/L和1310mg/L的垃圾渗沥水,首先进行UASB预处理(消化温度37℃,COD负荷0.78g/(L·d),HRT为6.1d),获得了66%的COD去除率;UASB的出水被引入电化学氧化反应器进行深度处理.在外加Cl 2000mg/L,电流密度为32.3mA/cm²的条件下,经6h的电解间接氧化,COD和NH₃-N的去除率分别达到87%和100%,出水的COD为209mg/L,并且不含NH3-N,此过程的COD电能消耗＜55kW·h/kg.本文讨论了电化学氧化过程中电极反应原理,各实验参数对COD和NH₃-N去除率的影响,以及电能消耗与运行成本评估等.     

UASB反应器处理CMC废水的启动特性研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以高浓度羧甲基纤维素(CMC)废水为处理对象,研究了中温条件下UASB反应器的启动、颗粒污泥特性和废水处理效果.结果表明,采用接种颗粒污泥与消化污泥的混合泥进行培养,并逐步提高进水CMC废水浓度,运行80 d后,可实现UASB反应器的启动;当进水COD值达到4 000 mg/L,容积负荷6.86 kg/(m3.d),COD去除率在80%以上;反应器内污泥实现颗粒化,且颗粒污泥的比产甲烷活性良好.     

含盐染料废水高温厌氧处理工艺特性研究

研究升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)在高温条件下处理含盐染料废水的工艺特性及颗粒污泥性能。结果表明,在以常温厌氧絮状污泥为接种污泥,运行温度为(55±1)℃,水力停留时间为12h,含盐量为50000mg/L,CODCr为900~1000mg/L,染料活性红2(RR2)浓度为100mg/L条件下,78d达到运行稳定,CODCr和RR2去除率分别为44%和85%以上。反应器中高温耐盐厌氧颗粒污泥粒径为1.0~2.0mm,其生物相组成以短杆菌、球菌、丝状菌为主。     

厌氧UASB－好氧工艺处理染料废水的研究

报道厌氧,好氧工艺处理染料废水的试验结果,厌氧段采用ＵＡＳＢ反应器,好氧段采用普通活性污泥法。试验结果表明,进水ＣＯＤ１１５０－１３００ｍｇ／Ｌ色度５００倍的染料废水,在厌氧段停留６－１０ｈ,可获得６０％以上的ＣＯＤ去除率,色度降到５０－１００倍,后续曝气６ｈ,总ＣＯＤ去除率可达８５％－９０％,色度降至２０倍左右,进出水的光谱分析揭示,染料废水的脱色主要发生在厌氧段,并且通过生物降解作用来实现。从     

AnMBR用于餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥共发酵的性能研究

通过连续实验和活性实验,系统地研究了厌氧膜生物反应器（AnMBR）在不同有机负荷（OLR）条件下处理餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥的效率、稳定性及动力学特征.结果表明,AnMBR在各工况下（OLR：3.22~12.92gCOD/（L·d））能够稳定运行.其中在OLR为6.48gCOD/（L·d）时运行性能最优,其甲烷产量为（4335±2）mL/d,甲烷产率为（361.2±0.2）mLCH₄/gCOD_removal,COD的去除率维持在（98.6±0.9）%,pH值稳定在7.71±0.03.当OLR超过12.92gCOD/（L·d）,反应器内挥发性脂肪酸（VFA）达到了6108mgCOD/L.膜污染以滤饼层污染为主;利用高通量测序（HTS）探究了系统中微生物的演变情况,Levilinea菌是优势细菌属,在OLR为6.48gCOD/（L·d）时其相对丰度最高（20.1%）,Methanosarcina菌是优势古菌属,随着OLR增加相对丰度均维持在67%以上;比产甲烷活性实验表明随着OLR的增加,产甲烷菌对乙酸的降解能力不断提高.研究结果将为AnMBR处理餐厨垃圾和剩余污泥共发酵系统的最优工况选择提供参考依据.     

探讨UASB反应器处理浓缩果汁废水的控制条件

文章用厌氧颗粒污泥接种启动UASB反应器,通过调节碱度和出水回流来实现浓缩果汁废水在低碱度下的稳定运行。研究结果表明:经35天UASB反应器可完全启动,负荷为9.5gCOD(/L·d),COD去除率在80%以上;回流比为0.3,进水碱度和pH值分别为1500mg/L和6.75、1000mg/L和6.52时,反应器能够稳定运行;采用出水回流的方法可以使酸性的浓缩果汁废水厌氧处理大幅度降低用碱量甚至完全不加碱的条件下实现稳定运行,本试验在回流比为8~10时,反应器也有很好的处理效果。通过对其控制条件实验室研究,显著的降低了浓缩果汁废水的处理成本,在工程上具有广泛的应用性。     

活性染料高温厌氧生物降解研究

研究了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)在高温条件下处理含盐活性红2(RR2)染料废水的工艺及RR2的降解机理.结果表明:运行温度为(55±1)℃,水力停留时间为12 h,进水ρ(NaCl),ρ(COD_Cr)和ρ(RR2)分别为50　000,1　000和100 mg/L的条件下,以驯化好的厌氧颗粒污泥为接种污泥, 运行10 d后反应器达到稳定,COD_Cr和RR2去除率分别为25%和90%以上.利用气相色谱－质谱联用(GC-MS)分析厌氧出水发现, RR2的生物降解途径为在厌氧条件下最先被还原的是较易断裂的偶氮键(NN),去除颜色后形成了芳香胺类化合物,一部分芳香胺类化合物通过水解和氧化作用进一步降解为更小分子的代谢物.      

微压流化式复合生物反应器处理含酚废水效能的研究

通过连续动态试验,对新型微压流化式复合生物反应器(MP-FHBR)处理模拟苯酚废水的效能进行研究.结果表明,MP-FHBR的COD容积负荷可达4.86kg/(m3·d)、苯酚容积负荷可达1.96kg/(m3·d),出水COD低于200mg/L、出水苯酚浓度低于1mg/L,COD和苯酚去除率分别达到90%和99%以上.当苯酚容积负荷达到2.04kg/(m3·d),苯酚在反应器中逐渐累积,反应器内微生物的TTC-比脱氢酶活性下降.当MP-FHBR进水苯酚浓度为800mg/L时,最佳水力停留时间为9～10h.水力负荷对反应器沉淀池的泥水分离效果影响较大,限制了反应器的进水量,所以MP-FHBR主要适用于处理较高浓度的含酚废水.     

核黄素对偶氮染料生物降解的影响

采用高温〔(55±1) ℃〕升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)-常温三相好氧流化床组合工艺处理含盐偶氮染料活性艳红X-3B(RR2)废水,考察核黄素(VB₂)对染料的降解及活性污泥微生物相的影响.结果表明:在水力停留时间(HRT)为18 h,进水ρ(RR2)为40～100mg/L,ρ(COD_Cr)为800～1 200 mg/L,ρ(NaCl)为30 000～35 000 mg/L,UASB反应器的有机负荷为2～3 kg/(m3·d),三相好氧流化床有机负荷为0.3～0.4 kg/(kg·d)的条件下,ρ(VB₂)为5 mg/L时可以明显改善工艺的运行效果,RR2和COD_Cr的去除率均在95%以上;UASB及三相好氧流化床中活性污泥微生物以杆菌为主,核黄素的投加使得系统中菌体体积变小、总量减少.      

上流式厌氧污泥床反应器处理3-硝基酚废水研究

利用实验室规模的UASB反应器,研究了颗粒污泥驯化前后的特性,3-硝基酚(3-NP)的降解效果和UASB处理3-NP废水的工艺参数.结果表明,驯化过程中颗粒污泥很快适应3-NP废水;扫描电镜观察显示,颗粒污泥表面丝状菌占优势.在3-NP废水厌氧降解性实验中,保持HRT和进水COD浓度不变,分别为26 h和2 500 mg/L左右,当3-NP浓度由20 mg/L逐渐提高到250 mg/L时,COD去除率由95.2%下降到85.1%;3-NP的去除率保持在99%以上;3-AP是3-NP降解过程中的主要中间产物,3-NP转化为3-AP的转化率由58.7%上升到111.9%;产气量变化较小,甲烷占总产气量百分数最小为65%,最大为74%.     

升流式厌氧污泥床处理含五氯酚废水的研究

研究了升流式厌氧污泥床反应器(UASB)在中温条件下处理含五氯酚(PCP)模拟废水时工艺特点及PCP降解机理。结果表明:①在以处理啤酒废水的厌氧颗粒污泥为接种物(VSS接种量约15 g /L),运行温度为(35±1) ℃,水力停留时间为20～24 h,进水COD浓度为2 500～2 800 mg/L;进水PCP浓度由1.0 mg/L上升至8.0 mg/L条件下,120 d左右完成启动,PCP和COD去除率分别为94%及86%以上。②高效液相色谱仪检测结果分析表明,PCP厌氧降解的途径是首先经间位脱氯生成四氯酚和2,4,6－三氯酚,再经邻位和对位脱氯生成2,4－二氯酚和邻氯苯酚,最后矿化为CH₄和CO₂。