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环境影响评价工作是我国建设项目环境管理制度之一,近年来环境影响评价在很多领域渗透很快,对于如何提高环境影响评价工作效率和质量的问题,已经摆在许多环评机构和单位面前.随着信息时代扩张速度的加快,先进的科技工具也被应用到环境影响评价领域中,DV也是如此,DV在环境影响评价工作开展过程中的现状调研、公众参与、档案管理等阶段发挥很多重要的功能,使环评工作便捷、方便,对减轻工作强度,提高环境影响评价质量有很大的帮助. 相似文献
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美国环境法上的民众诉讼制度及其启示 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
民众诉讼制度作为自力救济措施是美国环境保护法律制度的特色之一。该制度赋予民众借助法院的权力,监督行政机关执行环境保护法律以达到加强执法或消除污染,改善环境的目的。研究该制度对我国加强环境保护法律的执行、提高公众的环境保护意识具有一定的作用。 相似文献
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矿山恢复过程及前期恢复时限分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
目前矿山生态环境防治原则“谁开发谁保护,谁污染谁治理,谁破坏谁恢复”对矿山恢复到特定程度还没有明确的时间要求。矿山恢复可分为前期和后期两个阶段,前期恢复以水土保持为目的,后期恢复以建立稳定的生态系统为目的。草本植被在前期恢复中具有显著的水土保持功效。不同区域的草本植被恢复到特定盖度有明显的时间分异,所需时间与区域NPP(植被净第一性生产力)值呈负相关。据估计,草本植被恢复到70%的盖度,热带林区大致需要5~9个月,亚热带常绿阔叶林带需要9~15个月,温带林区需要15~24个月,寒带针叶林带和温带草原则需要超过两年的时间。建立的盖度-T(时间)-NPP曲线,结合区域植被有效盖度,为矿山前期恢复的时限制定提供依据。 相似文献
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三维叠前时间偏移技术在江苏WZD地区的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
当地下地质构造复杂、断裂发育,横向速度变化不是太剧烈的情况下,提高偏移成像精度,三维叠前时间偏移是一种行之有效的方法。三维叠前时间偏移取得成功的关键:一是高保真、高信噪比的叠前数据;二是建立一个合理的三维偏移速度场。随着计算机性能的不断提高,三维叠前时间偏移逐渐成为常规处理技术,该技术在江苏油田WZD地区得到了广泛的应用,实际资料处理结果及钻探效果证实了三维叠前时间偏移技术是解决WZD地区复杂构造成像精度的一种好方法。 相似文献
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在现有风暴潮灾害研究基础上,结合风暴潮数据库特点,提出基于斜率分段过滤的相似匹配算法,定义了风暴潮辅助决策、风暴潮序列以及应用于风暴潮序列的相似匹配度量模型。由于海洋数据具有海量等特性,本文先用基于斜率特征向量分段算法进行过滤,再用风暴潮相似度量模型提取相似序列,依据提取的序列在风暴潮数据库中的记录信息,进行风暴潮辅助决策,为风暴潮灾害乃至整个海洋数据的研究提供了较好的技术支持。 相似文献
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西藏班公湖蛇绿岩地质特征及形成时代 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
西藏班公湖蛇绿岩由变质橄榄岩、超基性-基性堆晶岩、辉长岩墙群和枕状熔岩组成。其地球化学特征为:超基性岩以富Mg,贫Ti、Al、Ca,低Si为特征;基性岩以ω(SiO2)、ω(MgO)偏高,稀土配分模式多数与洋岛玄武岩的稀土配分模式相类似为特征;火山岩以Th、Nd元素富集,球粒陨石标准化稀土配分模式可分为二类:一类为LREE亏损的直线型,与洋中脊玄武岩的特征类似,另一类为LREE富集型,与洋岛碱性玄武岩特征类似;蛇绿岩时代为晚三叠世晚期一早侏罗世早期开始,结束于晚白垩世晚期;形成于洋中脊相对扩张的构造环境。 相似文献
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继两年前第一次环评风暴以来,国家环保总局再次采取重大行动,通报了总计投资1123亿元的82个严重违反环评和“三同时”制度的钢铁、电力、冶金等项目,首次启动“区域限批”政策来遏制高污染高耗能产业的迅速扩张趋势。它再次表明了政府将科学发展观落到实处的决心,以及从源头减缓社会冲突、构建和谐社会的胆略。“2006年,全国重大环境污染事故161起,平均每两天一起。环境投诉已达60万人次,比2005年增加30%”,面对触目惊心的数字,每个公民都很难无动于衷。这些取之无道和取之无度的开发,将把中国引向环境失调、经济失控、社会失衡的灾难深渊。环评的功能,不仅在于污染控制,还在于减少或者遏制因为不适当的和违法的开发所造成的社会矛盾与冲突,有助于社会公正和社会安定。 相似文献
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Fearnside Philip M. Lashof Daniel A. Moura-Costa Pedro 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2000,5(3):239-270
Many proposed activities formitigating global warming in the land-use change and forestry(LUCF) sector differ from measures to avoid fossilfuel emissions because carbon (C) may be held out ofthe atmosphere only temporarily. In addition, thetiming of the effects is usually different. Many LUCFactivities alter C fluxes to and from the atmosphereseveral decades into the future, whereas fossil fuelemissions avoidance has immediate effects. Non-CO2 greenhouse gases (GHGs), which are animportant part of emissions from deforestation inlow-latitude regions, also pose complications forcomparisons between fossil fuel and LUCF, since themechanism generally used to compare these gases(global warming potentials) assumes simultaneousemissions. A common numeraire is needed to expressglobal warming mitigation benefits of different kindsof projects, such as fossil fuel emissions reduction,C sequestration in forest plantations, avoideddeforestation by creating protected areas and throughpolicy changes to slow rates of land-use changes suchas clearing. Megagram (Mg)-year (also known as`ton-year') accounting provides a mechanism forexpressing the benefits of activities such as these ona consistent basis. One can calculate the atmosphericload of each GHG that will be present in each year,expressed as C in the form of CO2 and itsinstantaneous impact equivalent contributed by othergases. The atmospheric load of CO2-equivalent Cpresent over a time horizon is a possible indicator ofthe climatic impact of the emission that placed thisload in the atmosphere. Conversely, this index alsoprovides a measure of the benefit of notproducing the emission. One accounting methodcompares sequestered CO2 in trees with theCO2 that would be in the atmosphere had thesequestration project not been undertaken, whileanother method (used in this paper) compares theatmospheric load of C (or equivalent in non-CO2GHGs) in both project and no-project scenarios.Time preference, expressed by means of a discount rateon C, can be applied to Mg-year equivalencecalculations to allow societal decisions regarding thevalue of time to be integrated into the system forcalculating global warming impacts and benefits. Giving a high value to time, either by raising thediscount rate or by shortening the time horizon,increases the value attributed to temporarysequestration (such as many forest plantationprojects). A high value for time also favorsmitigation measures that have rapid effects (such asslowing deforestation rates) as compared to measuresthat only affect emissions years in the future (suchas creating protected areas in countries with largeareas of remaining forest). Decisions on temporalissues will guide mitigation efforts towards optionsthat may or may not be desirable on the basis ofsocial and environmental effects in spheres other thanglobal warming. How sustainable development criteriaare incorporated into the approval and creditingsystems for activities under the Kyoto Protocol willdetermine the overall environmental and social impactsof pending decisions on temporal issues. 相似文献
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