Electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by lactic acid enhancement in the catholyte

The electrokinetic removal of chromium and copper from contaminated soils by adding lactic acid in cathode chamber as an enhancing reagent was evaluated. Two sets of duplicate experiments with chromium contaminated kaolinite and with a silty soil sampled from a supeffund site in Califomia of USA and polluted by Cr and Cu, were carried out in a constant current mode. Changes of soil water content and soil pH before and after the electrokinetic experiments, and variations of voltage drop and electroosmosis flow during the treatments were examined. The results indicated that Cr, spiked as Cr(Ⅵ) in the kaolinite, was accumulated mainly in the anode chamber, and some of Cr and metal hydroxides precipitated in the soil sections in contact with the cathode, which significantly increased electrical energy consumption. Treatment of the soil collected from the site showed accumulation of large amounts of Cr and Cu in the anode chamber while none was detected in the cathode one. The results suggested that the two metals either complexed with the injected lactic acid at the cathode or existed as negatively charged complex, and electromigrated toward the anode under a voltage gradient.     

高镍杂铜低温生产电解铜粉试验

用杂铜电解生产铜粉时，电解液的温度一般可控制在２０￣６０℃。本文介绍了在３０℃较低温度和６００￣１２００Ａ／ｍ＾２的较低电流密度下，用杂铜电解生产铜粉的试验过程。试验结果表明：低温和低铜离子浓度对生产细粒铜粉有利，而料低电流密度在保证铜粉粒度的情况下，对节约电能有利。     

电渗析法再生CO_2电还原电解液的研究

探索了电渗析法再生CO2电还原电解液的可行性。以HCOOK溶液作为CO2电还原反应后的模拟液,采用单室电渗析装置对其进行再生,考察了电流、时间、温度等操作条件对电流效率和再生率的影响,研究结果表明:在常温条件下,操作电流低于极限电流时,采用电渗析法再生CO2电还原电解液具有高的电流效率和再生率。     

阴极电解液对Cd污染红壤电动修复的影响

针对土壤重金属电动修复过程中阴极电解室pH升高会对重金属的去除产生不利影响的问题,利用Fe3+/Fe2+、Cu2+/Cu标准电极电位较高的优势,以人工模拟Cd污染红壤为研究对象,对不同阴极电解液[Fe（NO₃）₃、CuSO₄、柠檬酸]的电动修复效果进行系统分析.结果表明:分别将Fe（NO₃）₃、CuSO₄、柠檬酸加入阴极电解室中,pH均控制在2~3,电动修复10 d后发现,将Fe（NO₃）₃溶液、CuSO₄溶液和柠檬酸作为阴极电解液均可以有效控制阴极室的pH,CuSO₄溶液、柠檬酸的加入对土壤中Cd的去除效果较差,而且Cu2+的加入增加了土壤重金属二次污染的风险.相对于CuSO₄、柠檬酸试验组,Fe（NO₃）₃试验组土壤中Cd的去除率较高（大于87.27%）,Fe（NO₃）₃试验组对土壤中Cd的修复效果也最为明显,土壤中w（Cd）由阴极附近的75.95 mg/kg降至阳极附近的9.13 mg/kg.分析电动修复后各试验组中不同形态Cd在Cd总量中所占比例的分析,结果显示,w（弱酸提取态Cd）所占比例由初始的74.57%最高可达到92.69%[Fe（NO₃）₃试验组],表明Fe（NO₃）₃的加入有助于促进土壤中Cd的迁移.研究显示,相比于CuSO₄溶液、柠檬酸,Fe（NO₃）₃溶液作为阴极电解液在控制阴极电解室pH升高的前提下,显著促进了土壤中Cd的解吸和迁移,并达到最佳修复效果.      

堆浸技术回收铜资源中的污染防治

在铜矿山对贫矿资源实施堆浸，不但具有投资省，见效快，成本低，矿产资源利用率高的优点，而且具有减少矿山酸性废水排放量，加快矿山放心石堆场中铜金属的溶出速度，缩短矿山污染期限的显著作用，此项技术在国外已得到广泛应用，本文针对我国在铜矿山对贫矿资源实施堆浸的污染防治进行探讨。     

热解法处理废弃铜漆包线加收铜

研究了热解法脱除洞漆包线漆膜的工艺条件，发现在适宜在条件下可顺利脱漆，整体回收整达９５％，处理后的铜线可直接作阳极进行电解，其电解过程中的槽电压和电动势与铜板阳极无甚区别。     

土壤吸铜特性对铜毒性临界值的影响

本文选用四川紫色土共8个样品,进行了莴苣、辣椒的土培试验和Cu吸附试验,结果表明,土壤吸Cu能力因土壤不同而异,吸Cu特征指数按红棕紫泥>紫泥土>夹砂泥>豆办泥>大土泥>红砂土>红紫泥>砂土递减,高量Cu处理对莴苣、辣椒均有毒害,导致减产,不同土壤上Cu毒性大小的顺序正好与吸Cu特征指数相反,但是对于特定的作物都统一于平衡溶液浓度:莴苣0.5μg/mL,辣椒2.5μg/mL,初步认为,使用等温吸附方法估测作物Cu毒性临界值是可行的。     

海州香薷对铜的蓄积及铜的毒性效应

研究了不同浓度铜对海州香薷的毒性及海州香薷对铜的蓄积结果表明0.5 mmol/kg的铜能促进海州香薷的生长,使其生物量增大.低浓度的Cu²⁺使叶绿素a含量上升,而高浓度Cu²⁺则使叶绿素a下降,但Cu²⁺对叶绿素b的影响并不明显.反映到a/b上则表现为低浓度下Cu²⁺处理会提高a/b值.海州香薷的蓄铜浓度随土壤中铜浓度的增加而升高,可达1500mg/kg,达到了超量积累植物的标准.铜对SOD、POD活性的影响也表现为低浓度的刺激效应和高浓度的抑制效应,最高值出现在0.5 mol/kg.     

DDTC—TX—100胶束增溶直接光度法测定水中痕量铜

在ＴｒｉｔｏｎＸ－１００存在下，ＤＤＴＣ（二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸钠）与铜反应生成络合物Ｃｕ（ＤＤＴＣ）２有增溶增敏作用，建立了痕量铜的直接光度测定方法。该方法操作简便快捷，选择性［１］、精密度与准确度都较好，相对标准偏差为０８％～４３％，回收率为９６％～１０６％，摩尔吸光系数ε＝６４×１０３Ｌ／ｍｏｌ·     

碳钢及低合金钢在厦门海域实海暴露腐蚀规律研究

通过Q235碳钢及921低合金铜两种典型钢在厦门海域实海暴露试验,总结了2种材料在厦门海域全浸区、潮差区及飞溅区的腐蚀规律,并对其长周期腐蚀行为做了预测。     

2,4—二硝基偶氮胂的合成及其光度法测定食品中微量铜的研究

实验合成了２，４－二硝基偶氮胂研究了它的红外，差热分析，元素分析等表征，并对其在光度法测定微量铜的应用进行了研究，测定了江西省出产的部分仪器中铜含量， 方法的相比较，用２，４－二硝基偶氮胂测定铜含量的生较好，而且方法简单可行。     

Effect of dissolved organic matter on the toxicity of chlorotoluron to Triticum aestivum

Response of two wheat cultivars （Triticum aestivum cv. YM 158 and NM 9） to the herbicide chlorotoluron and the effect of two forms of dissolved organic matter on the chlorotoluron toxicity to the plants were characterized. Treatment with chlorotoluron at 10-50 μg/ml inhibited the seed germination and a dose-response was observed. The inhibition of seed germination was correlated to the depression of a-amylase activities. To identify whether chlorotoluron induced oxidative damage to wheat plants, the malondlaldehyde （MDA） content and electrolyte leakage were measured. Results showed that both MDA content and electrolyte leakage in the chlorotoluron-treated roots significantly increased. Activities of several key enzymes were measured that operate in citric acid cycle and carbohydrate metabolic pathway. Inhibited activities of citrate synthase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase were observed in the chlorotoluron-treated roots as compared to control plants. We also examined malate dehydrogenase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in wheat roots exposed to 30 μg/ml chlorotoluron, liowever, none of the enzymes showed significant changes in activities. Application of 160 μg/ml dissolved organic matter （DOM） extracted from non-treated sludge（NTS） and heat-expanded sludge （lIES） in the medium with 30 μg/ml chlorotoluron induced an additive inhibition of seed germination and plant growth. The inhibition of growth due to the DOM treatment was associated with the depression of activities of a-amylase, citrate synthase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase, as well as the increase in malondlaldehyde content and electrolyte leakage. These results suggested that the presence of DOM might enhance the uptake and accumulation of chlorotoluron, and thus resulted in greater toxicity in wheat plants. The two forms of DOM exhibited differences in regulation of chlorotoluron toxicity to the wheat plants. Treatments with DOM-NTS induced greater toxicity to plants as compared to those with DOM-HES. In addition to DOM affecting chlorotoluron-induced toxicity to wheat plants, the cultivars could have also contributed to differences. Generally, NM-9 showed a higher sensitivity to chlorotoluron than YM 158 either in the absence or in the presence of DOM.     

Contribution of additives Cu to its accumulation in pig feces： study in Beijing and Fuxin of China

Massive amounts of pig manure are produced by intensive pig farm in China, and the composition of pig manure has changed much due to the use of feed additives. However, little is known about the exact Cu （copper） feed as additives or present as contaminants in pig feed and the residues in feces. One hundred and thirty-seven feeds and one hundred and forty-two fecal samples from 48 pig farms were collected in Beijing and Fuxin cities in 1999 and 2005, respectively. The concentrations of Cu were in the range of 6.86-395.19 mg/kg in the feed samples, and the mean values were in the order of weaner〉 grower-finisher〉 sow＇s feeds. The high concentrations over EU recommendations implied that excessive levels of Cu are fed on many pig farms in Beijing and Fuxin. Cu was also present in high concentrations in feces, and concentrations were highly variable. Cu concentrations in the feces from grower-finisher and weaner pigs were significantly greater than feces of sows. The super-intensive and small-scale farms had higher levels of Cu in feces than the middle farms. Cu concentrations in pig feces were approximately 5-times greater than in pig feeds. Feed management in grower-finisher pigs on super-intensive and small-scale pig farms is needed to reduce high Cu concentrations in feces and risks to soil contamination while feces are land-applied.     

铅酸电池的回收处理工艺

本文阐述了铅酸电池的资源化回收利用的工艺技术,通过分析废铅合金板的回收再利用技术及电解液、含铅废水、废气处理工艺的优、缺点探索铅酸电池回收利用技术的发展趋势。     

铅酸电池的回收处理工艺

本文阐述了铅酸电池的资源化回收利用的工艺技术,通过分析废铅合金板的回收再利用技术及电解液、含铅废水、废气处理工艺的优、缺点探索铅酸电池回收利用技术的发展趋势。