污泥活性炭的制备及其对染料废水脱色性能的研究

以城市污水厂的剩余污泥为原料,采用化学活化法制备污泥活性炭,对比研究该吸附剂对酸性大红GR和活性红紫X-2R两种不同性质染料的吸附性能,并探讨了其对酸性大红GR的吸附规律.研究结果表明:用污泥活性炭作吸附剂处理浓度均为100 mg/L的上述两种染料废水,在pH值为6、投加污泥活性炭分别为5 g/L和6g/L时,脱色率可达99.89%和94.81%;污泥活性炭对酸性大红GR的吸附规律可用Langmuir方程描述.     

活性炭纤维对活性染料的吸附动力学研究

研究了活性炭纤维从水溶液中吸附4种活性染料（活性艳红K-2BP、活性翠蓝KN-G、活性金黄K-3RP、活性黑KN-B）的吸附特性,从动力学角度探讨了吸附机理.结果表明,活性炭纤维对4种染料的平衡吸附量q_e均随着初始浓度和温度的增加而升高,相同条件下,q_e的大小顺序为：活性艳红＞活性金黄＞活性黑＞活性翠蓝.吸附过程符合伪二级吸附速率方程,染料分子的空间结构、大小和极性是影响初始吸附速率的主要因素.活性炭纤维对4种染料的吸附活化能都比较低,依次为16 .42、3 .56、5 .21和26 .38 kJ·mol^-1,说明吸附过程以物理吸附为主.     

污泥与煤共热解制备吸附剂及其对活性艳红X-3B的吸附性能

以污水处理站脱水污泥和煤为原料共热解制备吸附剂,将其用于活性艳红X-3B模拟染料废水的吸附处理.考察了吸附时间,温度,pH及吸附剂投加量对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学和热力学特性进行了探讨.结果表明:所制备吸附剂的碘吸附值为321.62 mg/g,产率为44.85%,比表面积为189.23 m2>/sup>/g,浸出液中未检测出重金属;吸附剂对活性艳红X-3B的去除率随吸附时间、温度和吸附剂投加量的增加均增大,并逐渐趋于平衡,而随pH的增加而减小;吸附剂对活性艳红X-3B的吸附动力学比较符合伪二级吸附动力学方程和二阶段吸附动力学方程,颗粒内扩散过程是吸附速率的控制步骤,但不是唯一的速率控制步骤;Langmuir等温方程比Freundlich等温方程更适合于描述该吸附行为;吸附焓变(ΔH0>/sup>)>0,吸附是一个吸热过程,提高温度有利于吸附的进行,吸附自由能变(ΔG0>/sup>)<0,吸附过程为自发进行,吸附熵变(ΔS0>/sup>)>0.      

活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维对溶液中的甲基橙染料吸附动力学研究

采用自制添加活性炭的聚丙烯腈纤维为吸附剂,吸附染料甲基橙溶液,考察了活性炭含量、温度及溶液pH值等因素对纤维吸附染料甲基橙吸附量和吸附速率的影响。结果表明,活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维吸附甲基橙染料符合表观二级动力学方程。吸附过程的限速步骤为甲基橙染料向活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维中活性炭颗粒内部微孔扩散,自制的活性炭/聚丙烯腈纤维对甲基橙染料具有较大的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率,可作为甲基橙等染料废水治理的理想材料。     

污泥灰对模拟染料废水的吸附研究

以南京市江心洲污水处理厂污泥为原料热解制得污泥灰,并将其用于吸附直接耐酸大红4BS和活性艳红K-2BP模拟染料废水.考察了吸附剂投加量、吸附时间、温度和pH值对吸附效果的影响,并对其吸附动力学特征进行了探讨.结果表明,反应温度、吸附时间和吸附剂投加量对吸附效果有影响,而废水pH变化则不会引起脱色率的较大改变.室温下,4BS和K-2BP的最佳污泥投加量分别为3g·L-1、10g·L-1.4BS在最佳反应条件（反应时间为25min,反应温度为40℃）下,脱色率可达93%;K-2BP在最佳反应条件（反应时间为150min,反应温度为40℃）下,脱色率约为73%.     

CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中活性染料的解吸研究

考察了吸附在CMC(羧甲基纤维素纳)固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳红K-2BP的解吸,并在此基础上提出了吸附-回收染料的技术思路。结果表明:pH值为12.0的75%乙醇对CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中的活性艳红K-2BP和活性艳蓝KN-R的解吸效果较好。30min内,对CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中的活性艳蓝KN-R和活性艳红K-2BP的解吸率分别为60.8%和50.4%。CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球中的活性艳红K-2BP的解吸动力学符合一级指数衰减模型。CMC固定化烟曲霉活菌体小球能重复利用三次以上。     

一种两步联合控制吸附动力学模型的研究

以酸性染料为对象 ,进行了粒状活性炭吸附扩散过程的动力学研究 .实验结果表明活性炭对酸性红B的吸附反应速度主要受吸附物质向活性炭表面的迁移速度和活性炭颗粒内的扩散速度的影响 ,由此建立了一种新的活性炭吸附过程的复合动态吸附模型 ,并使模型符合在较低浓度时受一级扩散反应控制为主 ,在较高浓度时受Boyd扩散控制为主 .该模型能将不同浓度下的扩散动力学过程统一起来     

改性泥炭-树脂颗粒对水溶液中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附

通过批量实验研究了改性泥炭-树脂颗粒对水溶液中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附特性.Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程被用于分析吸附等温数据,准一级动力学模型、准二级动力学模型和颗粒扩散模型被用于吸附动力学实验数据分析.结果表明,改性泥炭-树脂颗粒对水溶液中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温方程,最大吸附量达到71.43 mg·g^-1;颗粒扩散模型能够很好地描述改性泥炭-树脂颗粒对水溶液中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附动力学过程,水溶液中染料的初始浓度、颗粒直径、颗粒量及搅拌速度对吸附速率均产生一定的影响.改性泥炭-树脂颗粒对水溶液中酸性橙Ⅱ的吸附作用主要发生在颗粒的外表面.     

废催化剂再生后对甲基橙的吸附动力学研究

废催化剂为生产醋酸乙烯过程中产生的废弃物,经过热处理直接得到ZnO／活性炭。以ZnO／活性炭为吸附剂,进行了吸附水溶液中甲基橙（MO）实验,在优化条件下,实验浓度范围内甲基橙溶液的吸附去除率均高于97％,表明ZnO／活性炭适于吸附甲基橙。采用准二级动力学模型和粒子内扩散模型研究ZnO／活性炭对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附动力学,并计算得到动力学参数和相关系数。结果表明,两种模型较好地描述了实验数据,其吸附过程的速率控制步骤为膜扩散控制,并随溶液初始浓度的增加准二级速率常数降低,面内扩散速率常数增加。     

废催化剂再生后对甲基橙的吸附动力学研究

废催化剂为生产醋酸乙烯过程中产生的废弃物,经过热处理直接得到ZnO／活性炭。以ZnO／活性炭为吸附剂,进行了吸附水溶液中甲基橙（MO）实验,在优化条件下,实验浓度范围内甲基橙溶液的吸附去除率均高于97％,表明ZnO／活性炭适于吸附甲基橙。采用准二级动力学模型和粒子内扩散模型研究ZnO／活性炭对水溶液中甲基橙的吸附动力学,并计算得到动力学参数和相关系数。结果表明,两种模型较好地描述了实验数据,其吸附过程的速率控制步骤为膜扩散控制,并随溶液初始浓度的增加准二级速率常数降低,面内扩散速率常数增加。     

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-I,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei．该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg／L的培养基,最大脱色率为99％,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h．克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5％（体积分数）,培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源（NH4）2S04浓度不低于0．1％,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0．5％．对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色．此外,该菌株对另外9种染料（50mg／L）的脱色率在62％～96％之间．其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90％以上,对三苯甲烷染料（酸性媒介漂蓝B）的脱色率达到了93％．表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能．     

酵母Candida krusei对合成染料的脱色

通过筛选实验,从土壤中新分离到1株对活性艳红K-2BP具有明显脱色效果的酵母菌株Y-G-1,经鉴定为克鲁斯假丝酵母Candida krusei.该菌株对含活性艳红K-2BP起始浓度为200mg/L的培养基,最大脱色率为99%,达到最大脱色率的时间是12h.克鲁斯假丝酵母的最佳接种量应不低于5%(体积分数),培养基最适pH在4～9之间,氮源(NH₄)₂SO₄浓度不低于0.1%,相对应的碳源葡萄糖浓度不低于0.5%.对脱色机理的研究表明,该菌株对活性艳红K-2BP的去除属于降解脱色.此外,该菌株对另外9种染料(50mg/L)的脱色率在62%～96%之间.其中,对偶氮染料弱酸艳红B、活性黑KN-B和活性红M-3BE的脱色率都达到了90%以上,对三苯甲烷染料(酸性媒介漂蓝B)的脱色率达到了93%.表明克鲁斯假丝酵母在染料废水的处理上可能具有较好地应用潜能.     

Decolorization of azo dyes with high salt concentration by salt-tolerant mixed cultures under anaerobic conditions

Because the lack of detailed study of biological decolorization in high salt dye wastewater, it is still difficult to evaluate the biological treatment on high-salinity dye wastewater. The experiments were carried out to study the salt-tolerant bacteria, which is useful in the treatment of high-salinity colored wastewater. Simulated wastewater containing 5-150 g/L salt （NaCI） and 50-2000 mg/L Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP was treated with three salt-tolerant mixed cultures （CAS, TAS, DSAS）, which were under a gradually acclimated procedure. With the increase of concentrations of salt and dye, the decolorization became low. The abilities of decolorization of dyes wastewater by three mixed cultures （CAS, TAS, DSAS） were studied, CAS and DSAS mixed cultures showed more active for the treatment of high-salinity colored wastewater than TAS mixed cultures. The results suggested that there might be a simple process for the high salt wastewater treatment, which could be incorporated into conventional activated sludge plants.     

Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas otitidis WL-13 and its capacity to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes

Pseudomonas otitidis WL-13, which has a high capacity to decolorize triphenylmethane dyes, was isolated from activated sludge obtained from a wastewater treatment plant of a dyeing industry. This strain exhibited a remarkable color-removal capability when tested against several triphenylmethane dyes under both shaking and static conditions at high concentrations of dyes. More than 95% of Malachite Green and Brilliant Green was removed within 12 h at 500 μmol/L dye concentration under shaking conditions. Cry...     

干活性污泥吸附水中染料的试验研究

以城市污水处理厂干活性污泥为吸附剂对染料直接深棕M、酸性媒介棕RH进行了吸附研究,结果表明,吸附过程能很好地用二级速率表达式表示,同时也可用Lagergren一级速率方程描述。其一级吸附速率常数k1分别为0.0204min-1和0.0068min-1,二级吸附速率常数k2分别为0.00592和0.00589gmg-1min-1。两者的吸附特性不同,其吸附等温线前者符合Freundlich方程,后者既符合Freundlich方程也符合Langmuir方程。吸附平衡时间、去除率亦不同,前者明显大于后者,达到吸附平衡的时间分别为120min和240min。两种染料的正辛醇/水分配系数logP计算数值分别为4.65和-0.22,这一顺序与两种染料在干污泥上的吸附行为相符。     

Comparison of four supports for adsorption of reactive dyes by immobilized Aspergillus fumigatus beads

Four materials, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (Na-CMC), sodium alginate (SA), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and chitosan (CTS), were prepared as supports for entrapping fungus Aspergillus fumigatus. The adsorption of synthetic dyes. Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R, and Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP, by these immobilized gel beads and plain gel beads was evaluated. The adsorption efficiencies of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by CTS immobilized beads were 89.1% and 93.5% in 12 h, respectively. The adsorption efficiency by Na-CMC immobilized beads was slightly lower than that of mycelial pellets. But the dye culture mediums were almost completely decolorized in 48 h using the above-mentioned two immobilized beads (exceeding 95%). The adsorption efficiency by SA immobilized beads exceeded 92% in 48 h. PVA-SA immobilized beads showed the lowest adsorption efficiency, which was 79.8% for Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and 92.5% for Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R in 48 h. Comparing the adsorption efficiency by plain gel beads, Na-CMC plain gel beads ranked next to CTS ones. SA and PVA-SA plain gel beads hardly had the ability of adsorbing dyes. Subsequently, the growth of mycelia in Na-CMC and SA immobilized beads were evaluated. The biomass increased continuously in 72 h. The adsorption capacity of Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP and Reactive Brilliant Blue KN-R by Na-CMC immobilized beads was 78.0 and 86.7 mg/g, respectively. The SEM micrographs show that the surface structure of Na-CMC immobilized bead is loose and finely porous, which facilitates diffusion of the dyes.     

Effect of viscosity, basicity and organic content of composite flocculant on the decolorization performance and mechanism for reactive dyeing wastewater

A coagulation/flocculation process using the composite flocculant polyaluminum chloride-epichlorohydrin dimethylamine (PAC-EPI-DMA) was employed for the treatment of an anionic azo dye (Reactive Brilliant Red K-2BP dye). The effect of viscosity (ηup), basicity (B = [OH]/[Al]) and organic content (W_P) on the flocculation performance as well as the mechanism of PAC-EPI-DMA flocculant were investigated. The ηup was the key factor affecting the dye removal efficiency of PAC-EPI-DMA. PAC-EPI-DMA with an intermediate ηup (2400 mPa.sec) gave higher decolorization efficiency by adsorption bridging and charge neutralization due to the co-effect of PAC and EPI-DMA polymers. The W_P of the composite flocculant was a minor important factor for the flocculation. The adsorption bridging of PAC-EPI-DMA with ηup of 300 or 4300 mPa.sec played an important role with the increase of W_P, whereas the charge neutralization of them was weaker with the increase of W_P. There was interaction between W_P and B on the removal of reactive dye. The composite flocculant with intermediate viscosity and organic content was effective for the treatment of reactive dyeing wastewater, which could achieve high reactive dye removal efficiency with low organic dosage.