毛细管气相色谱法分析室内空气中苯系物

用活性碳吸附管采集大气中的苯系物，二氯甲烷替代二硫化碳作为脱附剂，毛细管气相色谱分离分析。FID测定苯系物的相关系数均为0．999，仪器最小检出量可达0．1ng，方法精密度可达1．9％～4．8％，已用于室内空气中苯系物含量的测定。     

气相色谱法同时测定苯系物和汽油化合物

气相色谱法具有较高的灵敏度和良好的线性关系。按照EPA QA／QC的要求,将该方法运用于实际样品分析。结果表明。水中汽油检出限为0．04mg／L。水中苯系物检出限为0．003-0．005mg／L,土壤中汽油检出限为0．5mg／kg,土壤中苯系物检出限为0.005-0．008mg／kg。样品加标回收率为97．1％～106．8％。变异系数为2．1％～4．6％,结果令人满意。     

空气与废气中的正丁烷、丁酮、醋酸异丙酯的快速测定法

采用活性炭吸附，二硫化碳解析，毛细管气相色谱法同时测定空气与废气中的正丁烷、丁酮、醋酸异丙酯，采样体积以45L计，方法最低检出限分别为：正丁烷0．002mg／m^3，丁酮0.0024mg／m^3，醋酸异丙酯0．0028mg／m^3。     

太湖梅粱湾水体中阿特拉津的毛细管气相色谱法测定

固相萃取（SPE）技术结合毛细管气相色谱（GC-μECD），测定了饮用水源地太湖梅粱湾水体中内分泌干扰物阿特拉津的含量，并用GC-MS进一步验证了分析结果。检测下限为10ng／L，方法回收率为75．58％～97．79％，RSD为0．38％～4．50％，在10ng／L-3640μg／L保持线性，其线性相关系数为0．9994。太湖梅梁湾水体中阿特拉津质量浓度在21．3～613．9ng／L，污染来源可能为太湖周围的农作区。     

新装饰装修房屋室内空气中的苯系物调查

对新装饰装修房屋室内的一类主要有机苯系污染物进行了调查,调查采用吸附柱采集、GC/MS 和GC-FID测定,检测了321家居室内的苯系物.检出的苯系物有12种,苯平均浓度为0.068 mg/m^3,有86.9%的居室符合《室内空气质量标准》（GB/T18883-2002）规定的限量值,甲苯、二甲苯平均浓度分别为0.14 mg/m^3和0.41 mg/m^3,符合《室内空气质量标准》规定限值的居室分别达85.4%和73.3%.苯系物约占室内空气中TVOC的62%,浓度由低到高分别是苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯,其中二甲苯中的间二甲苯占二甲苯总量的55% .     

高酚焦化废水萃取脱酚预处理

为了降低高酚焦化废水中挥发酚的浓度，实验研究了磷酸三丁酯煤油溶液在不同条件下对高酚焦化废水进行萃取脱酚预处理的效果。结果表明，萃取时间为8min，磷酸三丁酯煤油浓度为30％，温度低于40％，pH低于8．0，萃取比（油／水）R=1：2时，经过萃取后分水挥发酚浓度由4165mg降低到127．62mg／L，去除率高达96．94％，为后续生化处理奠定了基础。而萃取剂经过氢氧化钠溶液反萃取再生后，萃取剂的回收利用率可达94．25％以上。     

饮用水源水无机金属污染的应急处理

根据密云水库供水现状,针对突发性无机金属污染事件,采用聚合氯化铝辅助化学沉淀法进行应急处理。选用Cu2＋、Fe2＋、Zn2＋和Cd2＋ 4种金属离子为目标污染物,首先通过小试实验确立了最佳混凝处理条件。结果表明,调节pH值为8．0左右,可使初始浓度为5mg／L和10mg／L的Cu2＋浓度降至0．96mg／L和0．67mg／L;初始浓度为1．5mg／L和3mg／L的Fe2＋浓度降至0．27mg／L和0．24mg／L;初始浓度为0．05mg／L和0．1mg／L的Cd2＋浓度降为0．0089mg／L和0．0078mg／L;调节pH值为9．0时,可使初始浓度为5mg／L和10mg／L的Zn2＋浓度降至0．57mg／L和0．48mg／L。4种污染物出水浓度均低于国家饮用水标准。在小试基础上,在北京第九水厂开展无机金属污染处理的中试实验,结果表明所选用的聚合氯化铝辅助化学沉淀法简便易行,可实现污染物快速、有效去除。     

催化铁内电解法处理制革综合废水的研究

采用以催化铁内电解法为主的工艺处理制革综合废水，当进水SS、BOD5、CODCr、TCr、S^2-、色度分别为2120mg／L、648mg／L、1240mg／L、96．2mg／L、113．8mg／L、840倍时，出水分别为142mg／L、75mg／L、248mg／L、1．3mg／L、0．8mg／L、16倍，而且出水水质稳定，能够达到二级排放标准。     

活性污泥法处理味精厂废水的工艺优化

经过总结与改进武汉味全食品有限公司近5年污水处理工艺、设备，结果表明，经过增加三级曝气池、罗茨鼓风机等工艺改进，SS由132mg/L降为112mg/L；NH3-N由119mg/L降为37．6mg／L；Ar-OH由0．01mg/L降为0．009mg／L；BOD5由5年前的34．6mg／L降为现在的21．2mg／L；COD由5年前的117mg／L降为现在的62．6mg／L；运行成本由850万降到450万，通过此工艺的改进及优化，基本达到国家污水排放标准，完全达到行业排放标准。     

直接过滤-臭氧-生物活性炭工艺用于城市污水二级处理出水深度处理的研究

采用砂滤-臭氧-生物活性炭工艺在北京市某污水处理厂开展了以污水再生回用为目的的城市污水深度处理中试研究。在臭氧消耗量5mg／L，接触时间20min，生物活性炭空床停留时间（EBCT）为20min的条件下，出水浊度为1．5NTU左右，色度接近0，UV254从0．162cm^-1降低到0．08cm^-1，DOC和CODMn分别从10．1mg／L和12．8mg／L降低到6mg／L左右。由于对生物活性炭柱进行了曝气供氧，NH4^- N从40mg／L降低到5mg／L左右。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

有机官能团对改性硅吸附微囊藻毒素的影响

考察了不同有机改性硅对微囊藻毒素LR(mLR)和LA(mLA)的等温吸附行为。结果表明,有机改性硅可有效吸附去除水体中<0.1×10-6(质量分数)的微囊藻毒素,并且吸附去除效果随表面改性官能团中碳原子数量的增加而增加;相同条件下,有机改性硅在微囊藻毒素异构体之间存在着一定的吸附选择性。     

生物质快速热裂解主要参数对生物油产率的影响

以松木木屑为原料,在自制的小型流化床上,开展了生物质热裂解温度、生物质粒径和进料速率对生物油产率的影响实验研究.结果表明,在热裂解温度分别为450、475、500、525和550℃条件下,当热裂解温度为500℃时,生物油产率最高,平均产率达到53.33%(质量百分比).反应温度越高,炭产量越低,不可冷凝气体产量越高,气体发热值越高;粒径＜1 mm的生物质其粒径对生物油产率影响不大;生物质进料速率增加时,生物油产率增加.本研究为生物能的利用提供了新的途径.