ZH-02树脂对水中腐殖酸的吸附去除研究

通过几种吸附树脂ZH-00、ZH-01、ZH-02、ZH-03、颗粒活性炭(GAC)和Amberlite XAD-4对腐殖酸的静态吸附试验的筛选结果，发现大孔树脂ZH-02对腐殖酸具有较好的吸附效果。利用颗粒活性炭作为参照，探讨了ZH-02的动态吸附去除效果和脱附再生条件，发现常温下醇碱溶液效果较好。     

交联腐殖酸CHA对水体中铅的吸附性能

通过环氧氯丙烷交联及多胺改性的方法,制备得到新型交联腐殖酸CHA。利用FTIR对其结构进行了表征,并重点考察了吸附温度等不同因素对CHA吸附水体中铅离子性能的影响。结果表明,交联腐殖酸CHA对水体中铅离子具有优异的吸附性能,平衡吸附容量可达到219.3 mg/g,远高于常规高温焙烧方法制得腐殖酸的吸附性能。CHA的吸附性能随反应温度、溶液pH的升高而增大,其吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附方程。     

ZH-02树脂对水中腐殖酸的吸附去除研究

通过几种吸附树脂ZH 0 0、ZH 0 1、ZH 0 2、ZH 0 3、颗粒活性炭 (GAC)和AmberliteXAD 4对腐殖酸的静态吸附试验的筛选结果 ,发现大孔树脂ZH 0 2对腐殖酸具有较好的吸附效果。利用颗粒活性炭作为参照 ,探讨了ZH 0 2的动态吸附去除效果和脱附再生条件 ,发现常温下醇碱溶液效果较好。     

水溶液中腐殖酸和苯酚在ZH-02树脂上的双组分吸附

通过苯甲酰基修饰的苯乙烯-二乙烯苯吸附树脂ZH-02对水中腐殖酸和苯酚进行了单组分和双组分的静态吸附.结果表明,在腐殖酸为主要吸附质的二元组分溶液中,对苯酚的吸附量的影响可以利用IAST模型进行预测;而在不存在主要吸附质的二元溶液中,可以用单组分体系的平衡吸附量近似预算双组分竞争体系时各组分的平衡吸附量.     

水溶液中腐殖酸和苯酚在ZH-02树脂上的双组分吸附

通过苯甲酰基修饰的苯乙烯-二乙烯苯吸附树脂ZH-02对水中腐殖酸和苯酚进行了单组分和双组分的静态吸附.结果表明,在腐殖酸为主要吸附质的二元组分溶液中,对苯酚的吸附量的影响可以利用IAST模型进行预测;而在不存在主要吸附质的二元溶液中,可以用单组分体系的平衡吸附量近似预算双组分竞争体系时各组分的平衡吸附量.     

腐殖酸对生物炭吸附水环境中雌激素的影响

以玉米秸秆为原料,通过500℃限氧裂解制备生物炭(记为500BC),并采用批量吸附实验对比500BC及腐殖酸负载后生物炭(记为500BC-HA)对于水环境中两种雌激素(双酚A(BPA)和17α-乙炔雌二醇(EE2))的吸附性能及作用机制。结果表明,腐殖酸分子可阻塞部分500BC孔隙,使500BC的孔径、孔容及比表面积下降,负载腐殖酸后,500BC的比表面积由8.43m~2/g减小至4.40m~2/g,孔径从26.1nm减小至3.2nm,孔容由0.018cm~3/g下降至0.001cm~3/g;与500BC相比,500BC-HA对BPA、EE2的吸附能力均明显降低,一方面是因为腐殖酸分子占据了500BC表面的吸附点位并堵塞部分孔隙,使其吸附能力降低,另一方面腐殖酸负载后引入更多的含氧官能团,使500BC表面疏水性降低,与雌激素间的疏水作用减弱。腐殖酸负载质量浓度为0～10mg/L时,增加负载质量浓度对500BC吸附性能影响明显,当负载质量浓度大于10mg/L时,腐殖酸在500BC表面达到饱和,继续增加负载浓度对500BC的吸附性能不再产生影响。     

环糊精吸附去除环境污染物研究进展

基于环糊精和污染物分子之间的包络、吸附作用机制,环糊精及其衍生物被广泛应用于大气和水相中环境污染物的吸附去除.综述了近年来环糊精及其衍生物用于环境污染物吸附去除的技术和原理,并对该研究方向存在的主要问题和应用前景进行了探讨.     

载Ca磁性碳纳米管对水中腐殖酸的去除

采用化学共沉淀一步法以钙盐和铁盐对多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）改性以制备具有去除水中微污染物腐殖酸的磁性碳纳米管复合材料。X射线能谱分析表明改性MWCNTs上载有Ca和Fe元素。通过振动样品磁强计测得该复合材料具有较强磁性。改性后的MWCNTs 30 min对水中腐殖酸的去除率由改性前的63.89%提高到90.27%。研究了改性MWCNTs投加量、腐殖酸初始浓度、吸附时间、振荡速度、pH及温度对水中腐殖酸去除的影响。结果表明,腐殖酸去除率随着载Ca磁性MWCNTs投加量增大而提高。吸附量随着腐殖酸初始浓度的增大而增加,但去除率却减小。吸附初期腐殖酸去除速率快,0.5 g·L-1的载Ca磁性多壁碳纳米管在腐殖酸初始浓度为20 mg·L-1时,5 h达到吸附平衡,平衡吸附量为39.41 mg·g-1。腐殖酸去除率随着振荡速度的增大而增大,在225 r·min-1时达最大,随后随着振荡速度的增大而缓慢下降。在弱酸性下,腐殖酸去除率较高,当pH为5时,腐殖酸去除率达到92.24%;当pH5时,腐殖酸去除率随pH增大呈下降趋势。腐殖酸去除率随着温度的升高而降低。     

复配介质去除地下水中腐殖酸

以模拟地下水为研究对象,进行了复配介质去除地下水中腐殖酸的实验研究。探讨了配比、粒径、固液比、pH和温度对腐殖酸去除效果的影响。腐殖酸的浓度通过紫外分光光度法测定。结果表明:在不加活性炭的条件下,H物质∶X物质∶Q物质=1∶8∶8时,其硬度较好;在初始pH=6.34、反应时间为4 h时,去除率可达到95%以上;当反应时间≤1 h时,去除率随粒径增大而减小,而当反应时间为2～6 h时,小粒径和中等粒径复配介质对腐殖酸去除率略高于大粒径;一定浓度范围内,腐殖酸的去除率与固液比呈正相关,但固液比增大时,并不能无限提高去除率,当固液比为1∶200～1∶50时,去除率呈现平台;pH对复配介质去除效果影响不大,而温度对腐殖酸的去除有显著影响,较低温度(16.8℃)下的去除率比较高温度(35.0℃)下的去除率高5%。该复配介质去除地下水中腐殖酸是有效可行的,可作为PRB(permeable reactive barrier,渗透反应格栅)的潜在反应介质。     

毒死蜱在不同土壤腐殖酸上的吸附/解吸特征

通过平衡振荡法研究毒死蜱在不同来源土壤腐殖酸(Has)上的吸附/解吸行为.结果表明,毒死蜱在Has上的等温吸附行为用Freundlich模型描述相对更合理;它们的吸附等温线在实验范围内基本呈直线,且吸附能力很强,顺序为:紫色潮土Has＞黄壤Has＞中性紫色土Has＞酸性紫色土Has＞腐殖土Has;但毒死蜱的解吸率较小,其值均小于26.70%,有明显的滞后现象,尤其是腐殖土Has和紫色潮土Has,固定能力顺序为:紫色潮土Has＞腐殖土Has＞中性紫色土Has＞酸性紫色土Has＞黄壤Has.由于不同来源土壤中Has的组成结构差异明显,它们对毒死蜱的吸附/解吸规律表现出不同的特征.土壤Has对毒死蜱的吸附/解吸行为的影响是多种因素综合作用的结果,具体作用机理尚待进一步研究.     

Adsorption of fulvic acid by carbon nanotubes from water

This study investigated adsorption of fulvic acid (FA) by single-walled (SWCNT) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) and activated carbon. Adsorption of FA depends greatly on the adsorbent surface area and solution pH. SWCNT has higher adsorption than MWCNT and activated carbon. Lower E4/E6 (absorbance at 465 nm to that at 665 nm) and higher E2/E3 (absorbance at 250 nm to that at 365 nm) ratios of the residual FA in solution after adsorption than that of original FA in low pH ranges suggest that aromatic rich FA fractions with polar moieties readily adsorb on the adsorbents. The apparent interaction mechanisms between FA and CNT surfaces include electrostatic, hydrophobic, π-π and hydrogen-bond interactions. FA adsorption was reduced greatly with increasing pH because of the increase of electrostatic repulsion and the decrease of hydrophobic and hydrogen-bond interactions.     

凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的低温吸附性能研究

首次研究凹凸棒土对饮用水中腐殖酸的低温吸附性能,考察5℃条件下,吸附时间与腐殖酸初始浓度、吸附剂投加量、pH对凹凸棒土吸附腐殖酸的影响,确定吸附剂的吸附等温线、吸附动力学和热力学等相关理论参数,研究凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附性能与机理。结果表明,江苏盱眙凹凸棒土在温度5℃、pH=4、水中腐殖酸初始浓度为5 mg/L,投加量为15 g/L的条件下,吸附180 min后对腐殖酸的去除率可达97.26%。凹凸棒土对腐殖酸的吸附符合二级吸附动力学方程与Freundlich吸附等温式,吸附过程由孔隙内扩散过程控制,吸附为自发的吸热过程,包括物理吸附与化学吸附。根据Fre-undlich吸附等温式拟合计算,5℃、pH=7时理论最大吸附量为9 mg/g,说明凹凸棒土对于低温饮用水中腐殖酸具有良好的吸附效果。     

Surface charge and adsorption from water onto quartz sand of humic acid

The surface charge of humic acid under different conditions of ionic strength, pH, and the presence of various cationic ions (Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Ba(2+), and Ca(2+)) was determined by a titration method using a cationic polyelectrolyte as titrant. Adsorption isotherms in batch experiments of the polymer from water onto quartz sand were determined at 20 degrees C, 40 degrees C, and 60 degrees C and under different conditions of ionic strength, pH, and the presence of various cationic ions (Cu(2+), Zn(2+), Ba(2+), and Ca(2+)). The data indicate significant decrease of humic acid surface charge by decreasing the pH value from 10.0 to 4.1. Similar decrease of humic acid surface charge was observed by increasing either the ionic strength or the affinity of the divalent cation toward the humic acid. At ambient temperature the adsorption of humic acid on the quartz sand seems to be controlled mainly by electrical interaction between the organic particle and the solid substrate. A correlation is found between the surface charge and the adsorbed amount of the polymer, the adsorbed amount increases when the surface charge of humic acid decreases. The increase of the adsorbed amount with the temperature suggests that adsorption process is endothermic.     

去除饮用水中三卤甲烷和腐殖酸的活性炭选型方法

三卤甲烷(THMs)是水中天然有机物在氯化消毒过程中产生的对人体有致癌作用的挥发性有机物,腐殖酸是生成消毒副产物的主要前驱物.活性炭吸附是去除THMs和腐殖酸最常用的方法.不同炭型的活性炭对THMs和腐殖酸的吸附容量并不相同.以饮用水中最常见的THMs(即三氯甲烷)和腐殖酸为吸附对象,进行煤、椰壳和果壳3种不同材质活性炭的吸附容量实验.实验结果验证了苯酚值预测各类活性炭对小分子THMs吸附性能以及丹宁酸值预测各类活性炭对大分子腐殖酸吸附性能的有效性.具有丰富微孔和表面氧化程度较低的上海椰壳炭YK-2和上海果壳专用炭对三氯甲烷的吸附容量比上海原煤破碎高,大孔丰富的上海果壳专用炭和上海原煤破碎对腐殖酸的吸附性能高.将实验结果与美国环保局RREL(Risk Reduction Engineering Laboratory)水污染物处理数据库中相关信息对比发现,相比国外常用活性炭,国产活性炭对三氯甲烷的吸附性能与之相当或略高,具有更好的性价比,应用前景广阔.     

Kinetics of disaggregation of humic acid in water

The extent of disaggregation of humic acid particles in water was measured as a function of time, initial concentration, pH of the suspension and the temperature. In all experiments the amount of humic acid particles disaggregated was characterized by the corresponding fraction of the suspension, which was able to pass a 0.01 μm membrane filter.It was found that the amount disaggregated after 1000 hours was proportional to the initial concentration of the humic acid particles in the aqueous suspension and increased considerably with the temperature. Decreasing the pH of the suspension from about 6 to zero caused the extent of disaggregation also to decrease continuously.The kinetic measurements revealed that about 3% of the humic acid are disaggregated within 25 hours, 4% within 200 hours and 5% within 1500 hours at a pH around 4. The rates of disaggregation were found to be proportional to the initial concentration of the particles and increased considerably with the temperature.     

Removal of metal ions and humic acid from water by iron-coated filter media

Iron oxide is an excellent, regenerable adsorbent, and often controls free metals through adsorption reaction. The utilization of heating process for coating iron oxide on sand surface allowed the media to be used in a packed column. Iron-coated sand was investigated for adsorbing metal ions and natural organic matter from water by batch and column experiments. Chemical analysis (energy dispersive analysis of X-ray, EDAX) was used for characterizing the copper and lead adsorption sites on iron-coated sand. From the batch experiment results, the copper and lead ions could be removed simultaneously by the iron-coated sand in the competition adsorption system. The interaction between copper, lead ions and iron oxide on sand surface was primarily the chemical bonds. The maximum adsorption capacities of iron-coated sand for copper and lead were 0.259 mg Cu/g-sand and 1.211 mg Pb/g-sand, respectively. The presence of humic acid led to increase the adsorption of copper and lead. Results from column experiments indicated that the copper ions, lead ions and humic acid could be removed completely before the breakpoint. Consequently, the iron-coated sand may be applied for the adsorption/filtration of metal ions and natural organic matters from water.     

高聚聚硫氯化铝混凝去除水中腐殖酸

采用快速加碱法制备了分别以Al13和Al30为主要水解形态的聚合氯化铝PAC-Al13和高聚聚合氯化铝PACAl30。通过向PAC-Al30中引入SO2-4/Al3+摩尔比为0.06的SO2-4离子,制得高聚聚硫氯化铝SPAC-Al30。激光散射粒径分析以及Ferron逐时络合比色结果表明,加入SO2-4后SPAC-Al30的平均粒径增大为4.85 nm,高聚合水解形态Alc含量分别比PAC-Al13和PAC-Al30提高52.7%和17.5%。ζ电位分析以及烧杯混凝实验结果表明,SPAC-Al30的电中和能力不及PACAl30和PAC-Al13,混凝去除水中腐殖酸的效果却有显著提高,且由于SPAC-Al30较为温和的电中和性能,在混凝剂投量较高时不易出现再稳现象。SPAC-Al30的纳米级分子尺寸和高聚合水解形态有利于其发挥更优的吸附架桥和网捕卷扫作用,SPAC-Al30是去除水中腐殖酸的一种新型高效混凝剂。