新型PHBV吸油材料与传统聚丙烯吸油材料的性能比较研究

对以完全生物降解PHVB（β－羟基丁酸和β－羟基戊酸的共聚体）为基材采用不同方法制备的几种材料的吸油性能与常用聚丙烯吸油毡做了对比实验研究并初步探讨了其吸油机理。实验结果表明，成型后的PHBV的吸油速率、吸油率等指标均已接近聚丙烯吸油毡，而保油性优于聚丙烯吸油毡。     

PHBV表面疏水改性用作吸油材料的研究

利用多种表面改性剂对生物可降解材料PHBV进行了表面改性实验研究，测定了不同改性剂改性后PHBV的吸油率以及温度对其吸油效果的影响，并探讨了改性机理，研究结果表明：不同改性剂对PHBV的改性效果有所差异，从疏水和吸油的共同效果来看，最佳疏水改性剂为添加量5％时的硅油，温度对未改性PHBV和改性PHBV的吸油率及吸油速度均有影响。     

DX新型高效天然吸油材对海上溢油治理的研究

随着石油工业和海上石油运输业的迅速发展，海洋的石油污染已充分引起公众的重视。在对海上溢油的危害及其主要处理技术的简要分析基础上，提出了DX新型高效天然吸油材料研制的必要性。研究结果表明：DX新型高效天然吸油性能较好，具有广泛的应用范围，可以反复使用；而且DX型高效天然吸油材的后处理对环境不会造成二次污染。     

非织造材料在油污染控制中的作用分析

针对油污染造成的危害,介绍了控制油污染的方法、吸油材料的种类和要求,通过比较从原料和结构两个方面分析了非织造吸油材料的性能特点,对熔喷聚丙烯非织造吸油产品的作用作出了评价。     

可生物降解材料在水环境领域中的研究进展

随着环境与能源等矛盾问题的日益突出,研究和开发可生物降解材料是解决环境污染问题的极为有效地途径,引起许多科研工作者的关注。作为20世纪80年代后发展起来的新型材料,在环保领域起到了独特的作用。本文概述了近些年来,可生物降解高分子材料在环境方面的研究状况。结合污水处理生物反硝化工艺,展望了可生物降解高分子材料在水环境领域的研究前景。     

水生植物材料与传统植物材料吸油性能比较

将水生植物材料(凤眼莲叶和茎、大薸叶)作为新型吸油材料,与传统植物材料(水稻秸秆、夏威夷坚果壳、甘蔗渣)的吸油性能进行比较。通过研究各材料的表面结构特征、表面基团特征、吸油能力和表面疏水性,来对比各材料的吸油性能。结果表明:水生植物材料具有较大吸油容量,且其叶子部分疏水性很强,适合作为水上浮油原位处理的吸附剂;水稻秸秆疏水性稍弱,但也是一种良好的水上浮油吸附剂;凤眼莲茎吸水性较强,与夏威夷坚果壳、甘蔗渣一样具有浮力较小、疏水性较弱的特点,但对正己烷的吸附速率非常快,可考虑作为填充滤料处理含油废水。     

吸油材料的研制

本文叙述了D、C型和Z、Z型天然纤维吸油材料及p u型聚氨酯泡沫吸油材料的制法和性能。 D、C型吸油材料所使用的原料是稻草,Z、Z型吸油材料是用造纸过程中产生的废渣作原料,用硅油使它们疏水后,再把它们加工成细纤维。最后制成垫状吸油材料。 在软质聚氨酯泡沫发泡过程中填加亲油疏水剂,便可得到p u型吸油材料。 应用这些吸油材料处理溢油事故,回收水面液态油类都有良好的效果。     

吸油材料在抗水域溢油中的地位及其应用

本文介绍吸油材料的种类、定义、性能及评价标准;分析和阚述吸油材料在抗溢油活动中的地位,认为吸油材料是抗溢油物质中不可缺少的,它的应用和发展符合我国国情,应引起足够的重视;文中还详细介绍了吸油材料的具体应用条件和方法。     

新型吸油材料

目前所使用的几百种吸油材料中,吸油倍数为十倍,二十倍的有许多种,但这些吸油材材料,因吸附的油在回收时会流失,常常使回收的效率存在些问题。日本在化学合成中,在有效地利用合成橡胶等配料时,研制出一种新型的吸油材料——这种吸油材料是利用吸油材与油及橡胶相结合的原理研制而成。它可将吸附的油完全封存在内部,使油不致流出,这样操作人员不会受油污染,即可     

高吸油树脂在处理含油污水中的应用

本文介绍了高吸油树脂，吸油作用机理，及其用高吸油树脂处理含油污水的处理方法。     

Enzymatic preparation of hydrophobic biomass with one-pot synthesis and the oil removal performance

Oil pollution is causing deleterious damage to aquatic ecosystems and human health. The utilization of agricultural waste such as corn stalk (CS) to produce biosorbents has been considered an ecofriendly and efficient approach for removing oil. However, most previous studies focused on the modification of the whole CS, which is inefficient due to the heterogeneity of CS. In this study, corn stalk pith (CP), which has excellent amphipathic characteristics, was selected to prepare a high-efficienc...     

溢油模型理论及研究综述

油在水中的行为和归宿是一个复杂的过程,包括在重力、表面张力、惯性力和粘性力作用下的物理扩展,挥发、乳化、溶解、光氧化和生物降解等风化过程引起的化学变化,流场、风场等动力因素作用下的漂移运动以及随机部分。通过总结国内外的研究现状,概括了各个模型的理论依据、基本假设、应用范围,并对今后发展方向提出了几点展望。     

Regenerable mixed metal oxide sorbents for coal gas desulfurization at moderate temperatures

This paper reports on research conducted at the Institute of Gas Technology (IGT) for the development of durable metal oxide-based sorbents for fluidized-bed desulfurization of coal-derived fuel gases in the moderate temperature range of 350–550°C, which is currently of industrial interest. This study has systematically considered copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn) oxides as bases for developing regenerable sorbents. The sorbent formulations prepared, their sulfidation performance and regenerability, and the physical and chemical properties of a select group of sorbents are presented and discussed. The results from multi-cycle evaluation tests of a few sorbents in a packed-bed reactor are also presented. The results of attrition resistance tests carried out according to the ASTM D 5757-95 method are also presented and their implications discussed in detail. Sorbents based on copper oxide were found to possess the best combination of high attrition resistance and sulfidation reactivity, sulfur removal efficiency, and pre-breakthrough conversion in the moderate temperature range of 350–550°C. Encouraging results were also obtained with sorbents based on manganese oxide; however, their regeneration necessitates very high temperatures that cannot be accommodated by current desulfurization systems requiring regeneration ignition temperatures of approximately 550°C. No sorbent based on iron oxide was found to have sufficient reactivity in the moderate temperature range.     

Turning waste to wealth-biodegradable plastics polyhydroxyalkanoates from palm oil mill effluent – a Malaysian perspective

Palm oil industries have been contributing significantly towards the country’s economy and increase standard of living among Malaysians. However, it has also been identified as the major contributor for discharging the largest pollution load throughout the country. Owing to high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD), the palm oil mill effluent (POME) cannot be discharged directly into the environment. Thus, palm oil industries are facing tremendous challenges in order to comply with environmental regulations. While anaerobic digestion has been employed by most mills as primary treatment, POME can also be a potential source of degradable organic material which can be converted into value-added products and fine chemicals. Organic acids generated during acid-phase anaerobic digestion of POME could be a potential carbon source for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)- a biodegradable thermoplastic material of microbial origin. This paper aims at understanding how organic acids from POME may serve as a renewable feedstock for the biosynthesis of PHA.     

Removal of elemental mercury by iodine-modified rice husk ash sorbents

Iodine-modified calcium-based rice husk ash sorbents(I2/CaO/RHA) were synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescence,and N2 isotherm adsorption/desorption.Adsorption experiments of vapor-phase elemental mercury(Hg0) were performed in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed reactor.I2/CaO/RHA performances on Hg0 adsorption were compared with those of modified Ca-based fly ash sorbents(I2/CaO/FA) and modified fly ash sorbents(I2/FA) .Effects of oxidant loading,supports,pore size distribution,iodine impregnation modes,and temperature were investigated as well to understand the mechanism in capturing Hg0.The modified sorbents exhibited reasonable effciency for Hg0 removal under simulated flue gas.The surface area,pore size distribution,and iodine impregnation modes of the sorbents did not produce a strong effect on Hg0 capture effciency,while fair correlation was observed between Hg0 uptake capacity and iodine concentration.Therefore,the content of I2 impregnated on the sorbents was identified as the most important factor influencing the capacity of these sorbents for Hg0 uptake.Increasing temperature in the range of 80-140°C caused a rise in Hg0 removal.A reaction mechanism that may explain the experimental results was presumed based on the characterizations and adsorption study.     

铜基改性非碳基吸附剂汞脱除性能研究

对以CuCl2及CuBr2为活性物质,6种大比表面积非碳基载体制成的吸附剂在不同烟气条件下的汞吸附性能及价态分布进行了研究.在纯N2条件下以氧化铝、沸石、皂土为载体的吸附剂具有很高的汞脱除率.水蒸气会降低吸附剂的汞脱除率,SO2对非碳基吸附剂有抑制作用,对CuBr2改性吸附剂及以皂土为载体的吸附剂的影响尤为突出.NO的影响更多地取决于吸附剂载体的性质.HCl的加入对CuCl2改性吸附剂及以皂土为载体的吸附剂的汞脱除率有抑制效果.模拟真实烟气的作用是几种酸性气体的叠加.其中CuCl2改性氧化铝在所有烟气条件下均表现出较好的汞吸附性能及很高的汞氧化率.     

发动机的绿色化学设计

发动机绿色化学设计以发动机化学设计概念和发动机化学反应器模型为基础,旨在实现发动机材料选择、能源利用和环境效应之间的最佳综合效益．发动机燃料系统绿色化学设计的范畴包括：汽油无铅化与汽油抗磨性,柴油低硫化与柴油润滑性,生态燃料与生态摩擦学,汽油机沉积物与汽油清净剂,柴油机颗粒（碳烟）与消烟助燃剂． 发动机润滑系统绿色化学设计的范畴包括：润滑油和添加剂与排放催化转化,润滑剂生物降解性与生物降解润滑剂,润滑油使用与质量监控． 发动机燃料／润滑系统材料绿色化学设计的范畴包括：催化助燃／补燃作用,低散热发动机高温润滑,发动机机械与化学材料制造． 发动机绿色效应的实现取决于发动机诸系统绿色化学设计问题的解决程度．     

滇池沉积物中多环芳烃赋存状态及其再分配的初步研究

利用索氏抽提、Tenax部分萃取和沉积物的粒度和密度分离等方法对滇池沉积物中多环芳烃(PAHs)的赋存状态及其再分配进行了研究。研究结果表明:滇池沉积物中PAHs主要存在于小粒度和低密度的组分中;尽管PAHs在粒度分布上存在一定的差异,但沉积物中碳质吸附剂的组成和含量才是决定PAHs在沉积物中赋存状态的主要因素;由于PAHs与沉积物中不同吸附剂相互作用的差异,随着时间的推移,沉积物中的PAHs存在一个再分配过程,吸附在无定形有机质和无机矿物等弱吸附剂上的PAHs逐渐向黑炭、焦炭等碳质吸附剂上转移,导致沉积物中的PAHs慢慢被锁定,因而其生物有效性也逐渐下降。     

飞灰/石灰吸着剂制备及其脱硫脱硝性能的研究

以飞灰和石灰为原料,采用常压水合、蒸汽水合、加压水合三种水合方式制备干法脱硫脱硝吸着剂,并探讨了吸着剂表面及孔结构特性对脱硫脱硝性能的影响。研究了制备条件如:飞灰/石灰比、水合温度、压力等因素对吸着剂表面及孔结构特性及其脱硫脱硝性能的影响。结果表明,以飞灰和石灰水合制得的吸着剂的比表面积和孔体积均远大于原料石灰或飞灰的比表面积和孔体积。水合制得的飞灰/石灰吸着剂比表面积最大可达97.55m2/g,孔隙体积更是较两种原料增大了10～100倍;水合法制备飞灰/石灰吸着剂时,飞灰/石灰比对吸着剂的表面及孔结构特性影响最大,在飞灰/石灰比为1/1时,制得的吸着剂的脱硫脱硝性能较优;水合制备的飞灰/石灰吸着剂,比表面积40m2/g以上,且孔径在250～270A觷时,表现出具有较高的脱硫脱硝活性。