领导行为、安全文化与矿工安全行为的结构方程模型

为了提高矿工的安全行为,在相关研究基础上,提出领导行为、安全文化与矿工安全行为之间的理论假设模型。依据436份来自矿工的有效问卷,利用结构方程模型方法验证假设。结果表明:领导行为、安全文化对于安全行为具有一定的预测力和影响力,领导行为不仅对安全文化有直接影响,也通过安全文化间接影响安全行为;交易型领导对安全行为的整体影响强度高于变革型领导;变革型领导和交易型领导对安全文化各维度均有显著的正向影响关系;安全文化中除安全规程和安全培训对安全参与行为预测力不足外,其余维度均对安全遵守行为和安全参与行为有显著的正向影响关系。     

行为传播视角下群体压力对矿工不安全行为意向的影响*

为探究不安全行为在煤矿企业班组之间的传播机制,建立矿工的群体压力、道德推脱、道德氛围与矿工不安全行为意向之间的假设模型。以252名一线班组矿工为研究对象,基于结构方程模型分析道德推脱的中介效应和道德氛围的调节效应,对行为传播视角下的群体压力对矿工不安全行为意向的影响展开研究。研究结果表明:群体压力与矿工不安全行为意向正相关;群体压力与矿工道德推脱水平正相关;道德推脱在群体压力与不安全行为意向之间起中介作用;工具型道德氛围在群体压力与道德推脱之间起调节作用;规则型道德氛围在群体压力与矿工不安全行为意向之间起调节作用。研究结果可为煤矿企业降低矿工的不安全行为意向提供1种可借鉴的理论依据和管理方法。     

The prediction of safe lifting behavior: an application of the theory of planned behavior

PROBLEM: Injuries resulting from lifting are costly, and create significant pain and discomfort. While engineering controls are the most effective means of reducing risks, most organizations continue to rely on manual lifting techniques. The problem, however, is that the use of safe-lifting techniques is inconsistent and managers have a difficult time motivating use of these techniques. Consequently, it is important to understand the factors driving safe-lifting behaviors. METHODS: This study used a survey to apply the theory of planned behavior (Ajzen., I., 1991. The theory of planned behavior. Organization Behavior and Human Processes, 50, 179-211) to safe-lifting among 136 materials management employees at a heavy manufacturing organization. Structural equation modeling and factor analysis were employed to analyze relationships among constructs. RESULTS: Results revealed that perceived behavioral control and intention were the strongest predictors of safe-lifting behavior. Subjective norms, to a lesser degree, were also important influences on intention. Attitudes did not surface as effective direct predictors of safe-lifting behavior, but did affect behavior and intent via mediating factors (subjective norms and perceived behavioral control). Finally, the theory of planned behavior was supported as an effective model explaining safe-lifting behavior, and had potential application for many other safety-related behaviors. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Results from this study emphasize the importance of perceived behavioral control as a factor associated with safety-related behavior.     

煤矿组织安全行为对个体不安全行为的作用机理研究

为了探究煤矿组织安全行为对个体不安全行为的作用机理,总结国内外相关研究成果,提出个体不安全行为包含心理、生理、技能3个影响因素,涵盖记忆、思维、情绪、意志、性格、气质、能力、态度、知识、专业操作技能10个方面。在此基础上,构建了组织安全行为对个体不安全行为的结构方程模型（SEM）,运用统计分析方法（AMOS17.0）进行了验证分析。结果显示态度、情绪、意志、能力、专业操作技能容易受组织安全行为的影响,而性格、气质等因素由于是个体相对稳定的心理特征,受组织安全行为影响相对较小。深入研究煤矿组织安全行为对个体不安全行为的作用机理,有利于煤矿从组织安全行为入手有针对性的制定行为干预方案并控制个体不安全行为。     

建筑物火灾中人员行为EXODUS模拟的研究

通过对建筑物火灾疏散仿真系统平台Building EXODUS的研究,以学校教学楼建筑物为例,使用Building EXODUS软件模拟疏散情境。Building EXODUS软件是由格林威治大学开发的,模型包括了人与人之间、人与结构之间和人与环境之间互相作用。Building EXODUS是一种细网格的过程模拟软件,能比较真实地模拟疏散人员和场景的若干属性和行为,追踪疏散过程的诸多细节,在此基础上给出比较全面翔实的预测结果。     

The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and texting while driving behavior in college students

Objective: To examine the role of intent and other theory of planned behavior (TPB) constructs in predicting college students' willingness to text while driving (TWD).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. 243 male and female college students enrolled in the 2013–2014 academic year in the College of Health, Human Services & Nursing completed a survey on TWD. Inclusion criteria: All races and ethnicities, ≥18 years of age, cell phone owner, and licensed driver.

Results: Over 70% of the sample (n = 243) reported talking on a cell phone and sending and receiving text messages “at least a few times” while driving within the past week. However, only 27% reported being stopped by police. Of these, 22% reported being fined. Within the past 30 days, 26% reported reading or sending TWD and having to slam on the brakes to avoid hitting another car or pedestrian(s) as a result. In all, 47% of the variance in intention to send TWD was accounted for by the full TPB model. Intention, in turn, predicted willingness to TWD. Intention also mediated the relationship between perceived behavioral control and willingness to TWD.

Conclusion: Attitude was found to be the strongest predictor of intention. In addition, intention was found to mediate the relationship of willingness to TWD on perceived behavioral control. These findings highlight potential factors that could be targeted in behavioral change interventions seeking to prevent TWD.     

行为抽样法在家具企业不安全行为研究中的应用

人的不安全行为是导致事故的直接原因之一,本文通过对不安全行为的观察,根据不安全行为在家具企业机加工车间的主要表现,把家具企业作业工人的不安全行为分为静态和动态两类;运用行为抽样法对A家具企业生产现场的工人不安全行为情况做了大量的抽查,以此评价安全现状;并分析了这些不安全行为发生的原因;文章最后提出了相应的改进措施,意在减少作业工人的不安全行为,降低家具企业生产事故的发生。     

Death awareness and organizational behavior

This Incubator introduces scholars to death awareness research. We explicate how mortality salience can be studied in conjunction with workplace behavior. Using the Terror Management Theory (TMT) framework, we explore morality salience in combination with several workplace phenomena, including aggression, discrimination, and punishment; and, several ideas for future research are suggested. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于杜邦STOP系统及行为安全理论的非煤矿山不安全行为研究

非煤矿山是典型的高危行业。为了规范作业人员的不安全行为,预防和减少生产事故,基于杜邦STOP系统及行为安全理论,通过行为观察、行为聚类,构建了非煤矿山不安全行为管理模型。对某大型非煤地下矿山的14类工种作业为期70天跟踪观察,收集统计生产作业中的不安全行为,通过分类整理,形成不同类别的不安全行为比例变化趋势图。结果表明:动力设备类、防护坠落类和其它类的不安全行为有明显的降低趋势;生产工艺类、常识危险类和供电系统类的不安全行为改善不明显。实例表明,基于杜邦STOP系统及行为安全理论的非煤矿山不安全行为研究具有实效性。     

Predictors of coping behavior after a layoff

In a longitudinal study of laid-off industrial workers, we examined the effects of individual differences and situational characteristics on individuals' use of six job loss coping strategies. In each case the predictors explained a significant portion of the variance (30–47 percent) although different predictors were significantly associated with each of the six coping strategies. The results also suggest that the use of problem-focused and symptom-focused coping strategies are complementary rather than mutually exclusive. The study's implications and directions for future research are discussed as well. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

行为安全管理的探索与实践

行为安全是安全管理的主要内容,本文从实践角度,为行为安全管理提供了可参考的经验,即:围绕以人为本主线,把握住依靠员工、教育员工和激励员工三个前提,处理好身体状态、家庭状态、思想状态、精神状态和操作状态与行为安全的关系.     

Predicting applicants' job pursuit behavior from their selection expectations: the mediating role of the theory of planned behavior

Applicants' pretest expectations about the forthcoming selection procedure may serve as a key factor in applicants' decision‐making. The current study examined the validity of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) as an explanatory mechanism of the relationship between pretest selection expectations (warmth/respect, chance to demonstrate potential, difficulty of faking, unbiased assessment, feedback) and job pursuit behavior. Data were collected at two points in time, using a sample of applicants for the military. Selection expectations, job pursuit attitude, subjective norm, and controllability were significantly related to job pursuit intention. Job pursuit attitude mediated the relationship between selection expectations and job pursuit intention. Subjective norm and time lag were the only significant predictors of job pursuit behavior. Practical implications, strengths and limitations, as well as directions for further research are discussed. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

矿工不安全行为研究综述

我国30年间煤矿重大事故统计数据显示,人因事故占到事故总数的90%以上。为 了更好地评述近16年间有关煤矿人因事故研究的成果,运用统计分析法,对文献计量中 关键词频率较高的事故、原因、测量方法及措施四个方面进行了综述。研究发现,矿工 的不安全行为是各类事故产生的直接原因,且矿工的行为失误占主要因素。不安全行为 的研究热点体现在对其产生原因的分析上,包括矿工的心理及生理因素分析、设备因素 、文化因素、环境因素及管理因素。在对不安全行为的防范措施分析中,主要是依据其 产生的原因进行针对性的管控。说明矿工不安全行为的研究已自成体系,并越来越向系 统化和综合化方向发展,这对降低矿难事故的发生有着深远意义。     

Improving safety through applied behavior analysis

This study reports an attempt to improve safety in an industrial plant through the use of applied behavior analysis. The behavioral safety performance of all employees of the plant was observed and recorded with a behavior observation instrument consisting of 35 specifically identified key behaviors. The applied behavior analysis package consisted of training, goal setting, and feedback, used with a withdrawal design. The results confirm the applicability of a behavioral approach to safety. Implications for measurement and evaluation of safety are also discussed.     

Suicidal behavior by motor vehicle collision

BACKGROUND: The ability for suicides of drivers to be disguised as traffic accidents raises the possibility that suicidal behaviors of this nature are far more prevalent than previously thought, potentially impacting health, road safety, and insurance companies. METHOD: Persons residing at the Gold Coast, Australia, identified as having a history of suicidal ideation and behaviors (n = 1,196), were sent a mail-out survey after their consent was obtained in initial telephone contact (CATI random digit-dialing). Among those responding, 412 had made suicide plans or arrangements and 228 suicide attempts. RESULTS: Of those who reported planning a suicide, 14.8% (19.1% of male planners and 11.8% of female planners) had conceived to have a motor vehicle "accident" (n = 61). Of all attempters, 8.3% (13.3% of male attempters) had previously attempted via motor vehicle collision (n = 19). All attempters reported having emotional or mental problems at the time of the event. Suicide planners were significantly more likely to be in full-time employment and have a partner and children compared with other planners. CONCLUSION: The study gives a rare insight into driver suicide plans and attempts, via a large-scale community survey, to provide the best opportunity of collecting unbiased data on the driver suicide behavior. Results suggest the use of this method, particularly in attempts made by males, may be underreported leading to inaccuracy of statistics. The motives behind choosing this method are somewhat different to those behind other methods, including financial benefits and eliminating stigma in the aftermath of a suicide.     

Pedestrian crossing behavior at midblock crosswalks

IntroductionThis study investigated the pedestrian crossing behavior at midblock crosswalks, in Istanbul. Method: Data were compiled from field studies at four selected crosswalks that were on one-way streets. Three of the crosswalks were located on three-lane streets while the other one was on a two-lane street. By using two-hour video recordings at each crosswalk, information was collected about pedestrian crossing preferences, pedestrian platoons both at curbside and during the crossing, traffic characteristics including volume, crosswalk occupancy and illegal parking, and pedestrian characteristics comprising age, gender and distraction status. These data were stratified with respect to the number of lanes and two multinomial logit models for platooning and individual crossing behavior was estimated for each stratum. Results: The results showed that the likelihood of platooning increases as the traffic volume and platoon size increase. Moreover, pedestrians who waited for little or no at the curbside and started to cross when one or more lanes were occupied generally lost time during the crossing. In terms of policy, the formation of platoons should be prevented by enforcement or demand-responsive traffic signals with push-to-walk buttons, etc. Overall, the study revealed that the presence of midblock crosswalks is questionable.     

Male and female in organizational behavior

The human division of male and female sexes has profound unacknowledged consequences for behavior in organizations. Sex is not simply an individual difference (like eye color), but is an essential part played in life with others. This essay finds sex to be the main organizing principle of human life. Bringing this fact to light, the essay shows how we can begin to understand many perplexing problems of reconciling men and women in organizations today. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.