粉煤灰两步水热法制备人工沸石

以粉煤灰为原料,采用两步水热法制备人工沸石。SEM、XRD、X射线荧光光谱分析结果表明:制得的人工沸石纯度较高,主要为Na-A型沸石和少量13X型沸石,主要化学成分为SiO2和Al2O3。说明采用两步法制备人工沸石克服了传统水热法杂质含量高的缺陷。采用人工沸石处理初始Mn2+质量浓度为50.00mg/L的模拟含锰废水,吸附125min后,Mn2+去除率达98.19%,模拟废水中剩余Mn2+质量浓度为0.90mg/L。     

粉煤灰-粉煤灰合成沸石对Cs~+的固化

以电厂废弃物粉煤灰为原料、采用碱熔-水热法制备了粉煤灰合成A型沸石(以下简称沸石),再以沸石对溶液中的Cs+进行分离富集,最后在碱激发剂的作用下以粉煤灰和吸附后的沸石制得地聚合物固化体。对固化体的性能进行了评价,并探讨了固化机理。实验结果表明:在吸附温度25℃、初始Cs+质量浓度100 mg/L、固液比10.0 g/L的条件下,沸石对的Cs+的吸附率达98%,比粉煤灰提高了2倍以上;沸石掺量为20%~30%(w)时,固化体的抗压强度符合GB 14569.1—2011要求,固化体中Cs+的42 d浸出率和累计浸出分数均远优于GB 14569.1—2011限值,表现出优异的抗浸出性能。     

熔融-水热法合成粉煤灰沸石及其吸附性能研究

以粉煤灰为原料,研究了在熔融温度分别为 300 ℃、 400 ℃、 500 ℃,熔融时间分别为 1 h、 2 h、 3 h,水热温度分别为 45 ℃、 65 ℃、 85 ℃,水热时间分别为 6 h、 8 h、 10 h,对合成粉煤灰沸石( FZ)吸附性能的影响.结果表明熔融温度为 300 ℃,熔融保温时间为 1 h,水热温度为 65 ℃,水热保温时间为 6 h,产物中有类沸石生成.熔融-水热合成 FZ对 Cd2+吸附率为 99.82%,吸附量为 0.199 64 mg/g,略高于活性炭(吸附率 99.69%)优于天然沸石(吸附率 97.94%).     

粉煤灰基沸石分子筛对水中氨氮的吸附

以粉煤灰为原料,采用碱熔融-水热法制备了3种沸石分子筛,运用XRD、XRF、SEM和BET等手段进行了表征,并将分子筛用于吸附溶液中的氨氮,考察了影响氨氮吸附效果的主要因素、氨氮等温吸附特征和吸附动力学特征。结果表明：分子筛B(Na_20.8Al₂₃Si₃₆O₁₁₇·7.69 H₂O)对氨氮的吸附效果最佳,在初始氨氮质量浓度100 mg/L、分子筛B加入量2 g/L、初始溶液pH 7、吸附温度25℃、转速150 r/min的条件下,吸附60 min后,氨氮吸附量和去除率分别为40.61 mg/g和90%;4种阳离子对氨氮吸附效果的影响顺序依次为K⁺>Ca²⁺>Na⁺>Mg²⁺;分子筛B对氨氮的吸附为单分子层吸附,具有化学吸附的特征;分子筛B吸附氨氮的的最佳工艺条件为初始溶液pH 7、吸附温度45℃、初始氨氮质量浓度40 mg/L,在该条件下,氨氮去除率为93%。     

粉煤灰沸石分子筛负载氧化铈催化剂的制备及其催化燃烧二氯甲烷性能

以发电厂粉煤灰为原料,采用碱融水热法合成了HZSM-5分子筛(FHZSM-5),用浸渍法负载10％(w)CeO2制备了CeO2/FHZSM-5催化剂,用于二氯甲烷的催化燃烧.盐酸浓度为2 mol/L及粉煤灰和NaOH的质量比为1:1.2时制备的FHZSM-5纯度最高,结晶度最好,用其制备的CeO2/FHZSM-5催化剂...     

粉煤灰碱熔——脱硅制备A型沸石和白炭黑

以工业废物粉煤灰为原料,在传统碱熔水热合成方法的基础上引入脱硅工艺,从碱熔产物中获得脱硅产物和脱硅滤液;再以脱硅产物为原料水热合成A型沸石;以脱硅滤液为原料制备白炭黑。对制备工艺条件进行了优化,并对制备的产品进行了表征。结果表明：碱熔产物经过水洗脱硅,其脱硅产物中硅铝摩尔比接近1∶1,脱硅滤液中硅的质量浓度为16.840 g/L,铝的质量浓度仅为0.084 g/L,硅酸钠和硅铝酸钠得到有效的分离;在NaOH浓度2 mol/L、晶化时间12 h、晶化温度90℃的条件下制备的A型沸石结晶度好,晶相纯度高,所合成的A型沸石的钙离子交换容量满足QB 1768—2003标准要求;制备的白炭黑SiO₂质量分数高达93.72%,其各项指标均符合HG/T 3065—1999标准要求。     

粉煤灰及其制备沸石对高浓度氨氮的去除比较

以粉煤灰为原料,采用改进的水热合成法制备了粉煤灰沸石,并将粉煤灰和粉煤灰沸石用于高浓度氨氮的吸附去除。实验结果表明:在粉煤灰和粉煤灰沸石的投加量分别为0.10 g/m L和0.04 g/m L、反应体系p H为5~7、初始氨氮质量浓度为500 mg/L的条件下,分别吸附660 min和60 min,粉煤灰和粉煤灰沸石对氨氮的去除率分别约为20.1%和50.7%左右,粉煤灰沸石对高浓度氨氮的去除效果明显优于粉煤灰;粉煤灰和粉煤灰沸石对氨氮的吸附动力学行为符合准二级动力学方程;Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附模型能较好地描述粉煤灰对氨氮的等温吸附过程,而粉煤灰沸石对氨氮的等温吸附过程则更适宜用线性模型和Freundlich模型描述。     

碱熔融—微波晶化法合成粉煤灰沸石及其对Cd2+的吸附

以粉煤灰为主要原料,采用碱熔融—微波晶化法合成粉煤灰沸石。采用XRD,SEM,TEM等技术表征了粉煤灰沸石的微观结构,并对其吸附Cd²⁺的性能进行了研究。表征结果显示,粉煤灰沸石主要由X型沸石、P型沸石和铝组成,粉煤灰沸石中有排列规则、呈蜂窝状的孔穴和孔道存在,其孔穴和孔道大小分布均匀,致密。粉煤灰沸石的比表面积为108.49 m²/g,平均孔径为3.779 nm,孔体积为0.221 mL/g。实验结果表明,在溶液pH为7、吸附时间30 min的最佳吸附条件下,Cd²⁺去除率均大于94%。粉煤灰沸石对Cd²⁺的吸附可很好地用二级动力学方程进行拟合,相关系数为0.999 99。可用Langmuir等温吸附模型描述该吸附过程,该吸附过程是单分子层吸附,主要是化学吸附,粉煤灰沸石对Cd²⁺的饱和吸附量为49.261 mg/g。     

我国粉煤灰高值应用研究进展

结合粉煤灰的性质及化学成分组成,综述了粉煤灰在制备白炭黑、沸石、水处理和在稀有金属回收方面的高值应用的新途径和应用现状。粉煤灰目前主要应用在建筑、交通等行业,虽然能在短时间内快速提高利用率,但均为低附加值产品,并未充分发挥潜在的价值,大力开发粉煤灰的高附加值产品是今后粉煤灰资源化利用技术研究的主要方向。     

Fabrication of bulk materials with zeolite from coal fly ash

After packing a compact of coal fly ash mixed with 3.5?M (mol/L) sodium hydroxide solution into a cylindrical plastic mold at 80?°C and 50?% relative humidity for 24?h, the plastic mold was released and the compact was immersed in 3.5?M sodium hydroxide solution at 80?°C for 48?h. When the resultant compact was removed from the solution and cured at 80?°C and 50?% relative humidity for 7?days, a bulk material with zeolite was formed. The strength of the resultant bulk material was a result of the formation of geopolymer (alkali-activated cement). The specific surface area and the compressive strength of the bulk body sample were 21.4?m²/g and 29.0?MPa, respectively. According to a quantitative analysis conducted using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique, the content of the formed Na-P type zeolite was estimated to be approximately 28.2?% in mass ratio. The pore size of the resultant bulk materials with zeolite ranges from sub-nanometer to several tens of nanometers, so the resultant bulk material with zeolite exhibited excellent water vapor retention characteristics.     

Leachate from land disposal of coal fly ash

The results of large-scale lysimeter tests in which two pulverized coal fly ashes (PCFA) have been exposed to natural weather conditions for up to seven years are presented and compared with those of laboratory leaching tests. Laboratory column leaching tests on PCFA show good reproducibility, and comparisons between lysimeter and laboratory leaching results are promising for several salt ions and trace elements in the leachate when expressed in terms of the leachate to solids ratio (L/S). A long-term disposal strategy which takes into account the largely insoluble nature of PCFA is suggested.     

燃煤飞灰中痕量元素的研究

综述了煤中痕量元素的含量分布、煤燃烧过程中痕量元素的分布转化规律,总结了痕量元素在飞灰中的富集规律和赋存状态,以及痕量元素的释放控制方法和技术,并探讨了今后的研究方向.     

Synthesis of zeolite from Italian coal fly ash: Differences in crystallization temperature using seawater instead of distilled water

In this study Italian coal fly ash was converted into several types of zeolite in laboratory experiments with temperatures of crystallization ranging from 35 up to 90 °C. Distilled and seawater were used during the hydrothermal synthesis process in separate experiments, after a pre-treatment fusion with NaOH.The results indicate that zeolites could be formed from different kind of Italian coal fly ash at low temperature of crystallization using both distilled and seawater. SEM data and the powder patterns of X-ray diffraction analysis show that faujasite, zeolite ZK-5 and sodalite were synthesized when using both distilled and seawater; zeolite A crystallized only using distilled water. In particular the experiments indicate that the synthesis of zeolite X and zeolite ZK-5 takes place at lower temperatures when using seawater (35 and 45 °C, respectively). The formation of sodalite is always competitive with zeolite X which shows a metastable behaviour at higher temperatures (70–90 °C).The chemical composition of the fly ash source could be responsible of the differences on the starting time of synthesized zeolite with distilled water, in any case our data show that the formation of specific zeolites takes place always at lower temperatures when using seawater.     

Synthesis of zeolite from waste fly ash for adsorption of CO2

Zeolitic sorbents for CO₂ adsorption were prepared from waste coal fly ash (FA) through hydrothermal treatment at various ratios of NaOH/FA and NaAlO₂/FA, including an initial alkali fusion step. The fusion step decomposed the fly ash into very small amorphous particulate zeolite forms. The fly ash was converted to Na-P1 type with a NaOH/FA ratio of 0.5 and Na-A type with a NaAlO₂/FA ratio of 0.53. The product properties were affected by the reaction temperature: Na-P1 and Na-A types were formed at 100°C. Temperatures above 140°C led to the formation of more sodalite because of the redissolving and recrystallization of zeolite crystals. Alkali metal and alkaline earth metal cations were impregnated in the synthesized Na-P1 and Na-A zeolite through an ion-exchange method. The completed zeolitic sorbents were applied to the adsorption of low-level CO₂. As a result of the experiments, calcium ions were found to be the best for CO₂ adsorption owing to their electrostatic behavior and acid-base interaction.     

煤粉锅炉飞灰份额影响因素分析

通过对10个电厂22台机组36组实测数据的分析,论述了燃煤挥发分、灰分及过剩空气系数对煤粉锅炉飞灰份额的影响趋势。     

燃煤飞灰颗粒物中元素分布规律的研究

利用ICP-AES光谱仪和TOC总碳分析仪对不同粒级下的飞灰颗粒进行了元素测定,对元素分布规律的形成原因进行了分析.分析结果表明:煤经旋流燃烧器燃烧而未经过除尘设备的飞灰中300目以下小颗粒含量较高.随着燃烧温度的升高,大颗粒的含碳量增加,小颗粒的含碳量减少,元素Al、Mg、Cr在各个粒级中含量变化不大,Ti、Ba、V在大于280目的小颗粒中含量有下降趋势,其他大部分痕量元素在大于300目的小颗粒中得到富集.     

Diopside-based glass-ceramics from MSW fly ash and bottom ash

By utilising MSW fly ash from the Shanghai Yuqiao municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plant as the main raw material, diopside-based glass-ceramics were successfully synthesized in the laboratory by combining SiO(2), MgO and Al(2)O(3) or bottom ash as conditioner of the chemical compositions and TiO(2) as the nucleation agent. The optimum procedure for the glass-ceramics is as follows: melting at 1500 degrees C for 30 min, nucleating at 730 degrees C for 90 min, and crystallization at 880 degrees C for 10h. It has been shown that the diopside-based glass-ceramics made from MSW fly ash have a strong fixing capacity for heavy metals such as lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) etc.