基于内容分析法的棕地问题研究进展评述

近年来,由于土地污染事件在北京、南京、武汉等城市频频出现,棕地问题由此成为备受关注的焦点,学术界对棕地问题的相关研究也不断增多。以中国期刊全文数据库为数据来源,选择2000年以来按照特定检索词检索得到的中文文献355篇为研究样本,运用内容分析法对文献的年度分布、期刊分布、关键词和作者等进行统计分析,选取UCINE软件构建关键词共现网络图,并对研究主题进行了归类和分析,描述棕地领域的国内外研究动态与研究热点。     

Brownfield Redevelopment versus Greenfield Development: A Private Sector Perspective on the Costs and Risks Associated with Brownfield Redevelopment in the Greater Toronto Area

This paper examines the nature of the economic costs and risks involved in brownfield versus greenfield redevelopment in the Greater Toronto Area (Ontario, Canada) from a private sector perspective, and assesses the potential effectiveness of different policies and programmes designed to attenuate associated costs and risks. Through interviews, case-studies and an analysis of hypothetical development scenarios, it has been found that the perception that brownfield redevelopment is less cost-effective and entails greater risks than greenfield development, on the part of the private sector, is true for industrial projects in the province, but not for residential ones, which were found to be feasible, given the assumptions of the present study. Furthermore, the study has found that the attractiveness of residential brownfield projects can increase considerably with minor policy changes, but that promoting industrial redevelopment will require a more vigorous approach that employs a variety of environmental policy and economic development measures.     

土地使用权出让与土地利用总体规划

本文在论述土地使用权出让和土地利用总体规划内涵的基础上,研究了两者作用和反作用的关系,提出了两者最终目标一致性的观点,并探讨了实践上相关的问题。     

Land Use Planning and Waste Management in Scotland

This study considers the planning system in Scotland as it relates to waste management. It examines local, structure and waste disposal plans in nine areas to identify links between the two systems. Initial findings reveal that statutory plans have limited influence on the location of new waste facilities and the reasons for this are explored. The European Union now requires the preparation of a National Waste Strategy (NWS) based on the principle of the waste hierarchy. The research concludes that effective waste management requires a close relationship between the NWS and development plans.     

土地利用弹性规划研究

从功能、理论基础、规划重点、程序内容、实施及评价等方面对土地利用弹性规划进行了全面探讨,认为土地利用弹性规划的意义在于充分考虑经济发展中的不确定因素,解决传统规划存在的不合理刚性问题.弹性规划主要建立在不确定理论与需求引致理论的基础上,规划的重点即解决建设用地时间与空间配置的弹性问题.程序内容在遵循一般规划规律的同时具有鲜明特色,即注重分析不确定信息,并对相应的用地问题进行超前安排;弹性规划实施评价以实施的难易度、经济度和效益为标准.     

Land Use Planning: A Decision Support System

The NERC/ESRC Land Use Programme has led to the development of a decision support system (DSS) for land use planning. A conceptual framework for DSS development has been modified to encompass the unique needs of a system which aims to deal with a wide range of land use issues. Large volumes of diverse, land use related data have been brought together into a central database using geographical information system and relational database management system technology. The data, as well as economic, ecological and hydrological modelling capabilities, are made available to the decision maker via a user-friendly graphical interface specifically designed for this project.     

土地利用规划战略环境影响评价浅探

本文在介绍国内外规划环境影响评价发展概况的基础上，提出了土地利用规划环境影响评价的重要意义。初步探讨了土地利用规划战略环境影响评价的范畴、体系、指标体系与评价方法，并建议应深入开展土地利用规划战略环境影响评价理论研究，健全相关制度，尽快出台相关技术规程。     

Mapping Ecosystem Services for Land Use Planning,the Case of Central Kalimantan

Indonesia is subject to rapid land use change. One of the main causes for the conversion of land is the rapid expansion of the oil palm sector. Land use change involves a progressive loss of forest cover, with major impacts on biodiversity and global CO₂ emissions. Ecosystem services have been proposed as a concept that would facilitate the identification of sustainable land management options, however, the scale of land conversion and its spatial diversity pose particular challenges in Indonesia. The objective of this paper is to analyze how ecosystem services can be mapped at the provincial scale, focusing on Central Kalimantan, and to examine how ecosystem services maps can be used for a land use planning. Central Kalimantan is subject to rapid deforestation including the loss of peatland forests and the provincial still lacks a comprehensive land use plan. We examine how seven key ecosystem services can be mapped and modeled at the provincial scale, using a variety of models, and how large scale ecosystem services maps can support the identification of options for sustainable expansion of palm oil production.     

Measuring and Incorporating Vulnerability into Conservation Planning

Conservation planning is the process of locating and designing conservation areas to promote the persistence of biodiversity in situ. To do this, conservation areas must be able to mitigate at least some of the proximate threats to biodiversity. Information on threatening processes and the relative vulnerability of areas and natural features to these processes is therefore crucial for effective conservation planning. However, measuring and incorporating vulnerability into conservation planning have been problematic. We develop a conceptual framework of the role of vulnerability assessments in conservation planning and propose a definition of vulnerability that incorporates three dimensions: exposure, intensity, and impact. We review and categorize methods for assessing the vulnerability of areas and the features they contain and identify the relative strengths and weaknesses of each broad approach. Our review highlights the need for further development and evaluation of approaches to assess vulnerability and for comparisons of their relative effectiveness.     

土地利用规划环境影响评价的技术方法

评价方法的选择是实现土地利用规划环境影响评价的重点。借鉴项目环评和规划环评的某些方法,根据土地利用规划的层次、类型和阶段的特点,给出一个土地利用规划环评的方法集,并对几种主要方法的适用范围、优缺点进行分析,最后指出方法选择应注意的事项。     

The Potential Role for NELUP in Strategic Land Use Planning

The paper comments and speculates on the potential role for the NERC/ ESRC Land-use Modelling Programme in strategic land-use planning.     

Social Planning for Mall Redevelopment: an Australian case-study

This paper provides a case study of recent work undertaken in Melbourne relating to a mall re-development project. It begins by discussing the nature of shopping centres as sites of consumption and non-commercial social activities. It then describes planning and development strategies that provide innovative and socially progressive interventions in regard to the social, physical and regulatory environments of public malls. The importance of seeing such sites as 'community spaces', of promoting activities on the basis of social inclusion, of creating a safe, convivial atmosphere, and of establishing low-key friendly sorts of mall management, are highlighted.     

Social Planning for Mall Redevelopment: An Australian case-study

This paper provides a case study of recent work undertaken in Melbourne relating to a mall re-development project. It begins by discussing the nature of shopping centres as sites of consumption and non-commercial social activities. It then describes planning and development strategies that provide innovative and socially progressive interventions in regard to the social, physical and regulatory environments of public malls. The importance of seeing such sites as 'community spaces', of promoting activities on the basis of social inclusion, of creating a safe, convivial atmosphere, and of establishing low-key friendly sorts of mall management, are highlighted.     

Institutional Constraints to Environmentally Sound Integrated Land Use and Transport Policies: Experiences from the Norwegian Integrated Land Use and Transport Planning Scheme

The Norwegian Integrated Land Use and Transport Planning Scheme TP10 was launched in 1991 as a responseto growing concern about the environmental effects of road transport in Norway's largest cities. Its main goal was to develop transport and land use policies leading to reductions in the growth of car use and transport demand. The purpose of this paper is to explain and discuss why the scheme on the whole failed to produce the intended policies. One reason was that the planning process in the scheme was dominated by the traditional transport planning and implementation authorities. The scheme was also linked to the national roads planning process in a way which diverted TP10 from its stated environmental goals. The paper concludes that radical changes in existing policies should be accompanied by institutional reform.     

Water-sensitive Urban Planning: Protecting Groundwater

Sustainable development requires the promulgation of guidelines for urban planning which consider the effects of the built environment on water resources. In this context, our paper focuses on the effects of urban development on the quantity and quality of rainwater which infiltrates into the soil on its way to recharge the aquifer. The paper includes: identification of the state of knowledge regarding the effect of urban development on runoff and infiltration; a case study-estimation of the effect of certain patterns of urban development in an Israeli neighbourhood,together with an option for mitigating them by relatively simple and inexpensive means; presentation of the components of urban planning which influence runoff and infiltration; and proposals for continuing research in this area which has been relatively neglected until recently.     

村级土地利用规划中的土地利用分区

为在村级土地利用规划中科学划分土地利用区,有效落实规划任务、实现规划目标,在分析村级土地利用规划特点的基础上,明确土地利用分区的任务与原则,探索建立了由产业功能区与土地用途区构成的两级分区类型体系,提出了公众参与为主、GIS技术为辅的分区方法.两级分区类型体系有利于实现土地组织利用、生产经营管理和土地利用管理的一体化.同时,在土地利用分区中贯穿公众参与式方法,有利于构建村内民主管理和业主参与土地利用管理的体制.     

Land Use Planning and Environmental Capacity: Reassessing the Use of Regulatory Policy Tools to Achieve Sustainable Development

Just as it is now widely accepted that the planning system has a role to play in achieving sustainable development, so the concept of environmental capacity has achieved increasing prominence as a means of realizing that role. This paper considers the debate on the concept of environmental capacity, reviewing both the mainstream model and Jacobs' more nuanced social constructionist model. In doing so, it raises concerns about the appropriateness of regulatory policy tools and the implications for the distribution of environmental and other impacts. The discussion highlights the potential for using the planning system to promote change rather than resist it. In doing so, it suggests the need to consider a wider range of policy tools to achieve change at the local level and to clarify the dimensions of sustainable development that local planning can contribute to.     

Land Use Development Planning and the Notion of Sustainable Development: Exploring Constraint and Facilitation within the English Planning System

This paper explores the English land use planning system's actual and potential abilities to both facilitate and constrain the advancement of sustainable development through the preparation of statutory development plans. The exploration is empirically based, focusing upon the conceptual and procedural issues most pertinent to the incorporation of sustainable development within this sector of public policy making. The findings reveal a lack of unified coherence in approach amongst local planning authorities as they struggle to translate the rhetoric of sustainable development into practice. One can detect, however, areas of difficulty and potential opportunity surfacing in the plan preparation process relating to issues of public participation, Local Agenda 21, environmental appraisal, data gathering, resources and guidance. There is also an indication that the institutional framework for incorporation lacks the facility to adopt a consistent position with regard to what one can consider as sustainability-orientated application principles.     

构建土地利用规划环境影响评价的指标体系

20世纪90年代中期,土地科学界和生态学界曾提出:"无论将土地作为生产性利用还是非生产性利用,都会形成一种干扰,使生态环境的不确定性增大,从而降低土地利用规划的科学性和合理性".在这一背景条件下,尝试性地按照土地利用类型对其所带来的环境变化影响与效应进行了分析,并在此基础上构建土地利用规划环境影响评价指标体系及可采用的评价方法.     

基于生态系统服务价值的土地利用规划环境评价研究

在对土地利用规划环境评价技术方法存在的问题进行评述的基础上,引入生态系统服务价值作为其评价指标,并对滨淮县某镇的土地利用总体规划进行案例分析.结果表明,生态系统服务价值在土地利用规划环境评价中的应用可把各土地利用类型的生态效益转化为简单易懂的货币形式,可对土地利用规划方案的生态效益进行定量化评估.