高邮市城区污染强度与北澄子河环境容量的相关性

根据2004年度高邮市主要纳污河流北澄子河流经城区后，污染物增加量、城区段河流的自净量及河流剩余环境容量，计算出城区段河流的总环境容量，再通过各年度河流流经城区后污染物增加量及自净量，计算出各年度城区段河流的剩余环境容量，分析城区污染强度与北澄子河环境容量的相关性，得到线性公式，从而可以根据城区污染强度推算环境容量的变化，或根据环境容量的变化推算城区污染强度。     

外来污染物对土壤磷酸酶影响的研究进展

磷酸酶在磷循环中占有重要地位，对植物有着非常重要的意义。根据几十年的国内外资料，本文概述了重金属、农药、酸沉降以及其他各种外来污染物对土壤磷酸酶的影响，并探讨了磷酸酶作为表征土壤污染程度的指标的可行性。土壤磷酸酶与各种污染物的相互作用关系在环境中的应用方面还需进一步研究。     

有机污染物湿地生物降解实验规律研究

本文以苯，甲苯和萘为对象，通过实验研究，测定有机污染物的土壤－水吸附平衡过程，在水溶液中生物降解过程以及在湿地系统（即土壤－水－微生物系统）中生物降解过程，并以质量守恒定律为基础，建立有机污染物湿地生物降解过程综合数学模型，数学模型通过实验验证，利用模型，定量预测了污染物生物降解所需的时间和程度，并提出动力学因子FK，判断污染物湿地生物降解速度的控制因素，定量预测了污染物在土壤固相的浓度分布规律。     

污染物的大气扩散模式

本文描述有各种排放参与的空中污染物浓度的分布估算方法。空中污染物的浓度估算方法,经过长期的研究,并已根据实验结果进行了重要的修订。     

基于文献计量的垃圾填埋场污染物研究现状与趋势分析

基于Web of Science核心合集数据库，利用VOSviewer和CiteSpace软件，对2000—2020年有关垃圾填埋场污染物的文献进行了计量分析。结果表明：(1)2000—2020年，垃圾填埋场污染物领域的发文量总体呈逐年增加态势，2015年后中国的发文量直线上升；(2)中国的机构虽然发文量多，但均篇被引频次不是很高，影响力还有待进一步提升；(3)垃圾填埋场污染物研究的热点包括城市固体废弃物及其处置过程，垃圾渗滤液或污废水中有机污染物的去除、降解，垃圾填埋场周边地表水和地下水中污染物的环境行为，无机污染物氮元素的去除，垃圾填埋场中新污染物的环境行为和去除5大类；(4)垃圾填埋场污染物主要分为重金属和有机污染物两大类，其中重金属在不同环境介质中出现的频次高于有机污染物，填埋气等气态污染物造成的环境问题也不容忽视。     

总量收费促使企业积极治理削减污染排放

污染物总量控制是对污染源浓度控制的改革，有利于环境质量的改善，应运而生的排放污染物总量收费代替了排放污染物浓度收费，促进了总量控制工作的深入开展，调动了企业治理污染的积极性。总量收费政策执行时间不长，但已受其他政策制约。     

城市污水一级强化处理工艺——高负荷生物吸附再生法的应用研究

根据理论分析提出生物吸附-沉淀-再生的城市污水处理工艺，即高负荷生物吸附再生法。该工艺对污染物去除的作用主要包括污泥的絮凝作用、吸附作用和生物代谢作用，而以前两者的作用为主。对城市污水的生产性试验研究结果表明，该工艺能够较大程度地提高SS、COD、SCOD和BOD等污染物的去除率，具有明显的处理效果，对于西北干旱缺水地区实现污水资源化是切实可行的方法。     

印染生产工艺废水特性浅析

印染废水具有水量大、有机污染物浓度高、色度深、碱性大、水质变化大、成分复杂等特点，属较难处理的工业废水之一。作者根据海门地区印染企业实际生产情况，对印染生产工艺废水的特性进行了分析。     

树脂吸附-NaClO曝气氧化法处理促进剂M废水的研究

研究了苯胺法生产促进剂M废水的治理，通过采用树脂吸附-NaClO曝气氧化二级处理工艺，分步去除有机污染物和硫化物，废水出水可达到国家一级排放标准。根据实验确定了适宜的工艺参数，氧化阶段的实验结果还证实Na-ClO曝气氧化较NaClO搅拌氧化具有更高的去除效率。     

嘉兴市乡镇工业2000年实现污染物总量控制与达标排放污染物削减对策建议

根据１９８９和１９９５年两次乡镇工业污染源调查结果,运用指数增长曲线外推法对嘉兴市乡镇工业２０００年各类污染物的排放量进行了预测,并结合嘉兴市实际情况,提出了为实现到２０００年全市主要污染物的排放量保持在１９９５年的水平和所有工业污染源排放污染物要达到国家“九五”环保目标的对策措施。     

Optimization of Height of Release of Air Pollutants

A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO₂ removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion     

Investigation of the characteristics of the reflectivity of clouds

This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies).     

实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实施

在实施ISO／IEC17025：1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中，通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析，识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节，提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法，对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。     

Estimation of uncertainty of sampling for analysis of pesticide residues

Abstract

A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits.     

扬中生态环境建设的思考与实践

结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足，进行了具体分析，对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。     

An application of the theory of kinematics of mixing to the study of tropospheric dispersion

The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing.     

次氯酸钠发生器的研制

介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠     

Comparison of methods for evaluation of activity of photocatalytic films

Objective

This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.

Method

The photocatalytic TiO₂ coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (Activ^TM and BioClean^TM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.

Results

The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.

Conclusion

The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films.     

Impact of overexploitation of shellfish: northeastern coast of India

India has a very extensive coastline of about 7515 km, rich in diverse living resources. These resources continue to deteriorate with rampant harvesting or are altered for other uses such as aquaculture and fisheries. The present paper deals with degrading coastal habitats in northeastern India, and projects the intensity of the stress arising from the collection of tiger prawn seeds (Penaeus monodon) for aquacultural farms and molluskan shells for poultry feed and edible lime. Indiscriminate exploitation of these resources leads to a heavy reduction of the species concerned and other associated marine communities. The magnitude of such destruction has been quantified. The impacts of biodiversity loss and their after-effects on the ecobalance of this coastal system have become a matter of great concern to ecologists to maintain security and sustainability. The authors propose a public awareness program on themes relating to the importance of biodiversity for human livelihoods.