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试论防灾规划与灾害管理体制的建立 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
对建立防灾规划与灾害管理体制问题作了初步的探讨,提出通过建立以预防为主的防灾规划体制,以地方政府为防灾救灾主体的中央政府、地方政府、机关企事业团体三位一体的灾害管理体制,和以社区防灾组织、防灾志愿组织为主的全民参与的防灾救灾体制,最终形成一个国家、地方政府、机关团体和国民各自责任明确的综合有效的防灾规划与灾害管理体制,从而提高整个社会的灾害防御和应急处理能力,努力将灾害的损失降低到最小程度。 相似文献
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澳大利亚是多发气象灾害的国家,洪水、暴雨、热带风暴等气象灾害给澳大利亚的社会经济发展造成了严重的损失,也给人们的生命财产带来一定的威胁。气象防灾减灾体系为了减少气象灾害造成的损害,澳大利亚针对气象灾害建立了完善的防灾减灾体系。防灾减灾体系主要由国家灾害应急管理委员会,联邦政府灾害管理组织和州灾害管理组织以及民间防灾组织组成。各机构分工和职能明确,运转高效协调。按国家宪法的规定,地方政府负责灾害应急的具体组织和实施,而联邦政府对外代表澳大利亚负责 相似文献
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我国气象灾害的分类与防灾减灾对策 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
本文根据气象灾害特征、致灾因子和天气现象类型,将我国的气象灾害划分为7大类20种.为了适应科学防灾减灾和社会、经济快速发展的需求,必须加快大气监测、信息加工和气象灾害预警能力为主要内容的气象现代化建设;加强气象灾害的机理研究;制定科学防灾减灾对策. 相似文献
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县、乡村防灾减灾系统工程 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
根据县、乡村的组织管理体系和所存在的防灾减灾问题 ,提出了建立县、乡村防灾减灾体系的构想。建议的县政府内设立“县防灾减灾 (中心 )协调办公室” ,组织实施县、乡村防灾减灾系统工程。从抓防灾减灾科普教育宣传入手 ,对全县、乡村灾害进行详细调查评估、监测预报 ,在此基础上有计划地选择小流域和重要灾害点进行治理 ,逐步达到全面推进防灾减灾工作的目的。 相似文献
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对中国防灾减灾立法体系的探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
中国是自然灾害和经济、社会发展中人为突发事件灾害普遍、灾情严重的国家。灾害已直接影响和制约着国家的经济建设、社会发展和公众的安全。要把防灾减灾作为中国的基本国策。为此,必须长远规划和全面制定中国的防灾减灾立法体系,以适应21世纪中国减灾安全与可持续发展的战略任务。本文就编制中国防灾减灾立法体系应遵循的指导方针、基本原则及方案的框架设想全面提出研讨建议。 相似文献
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对于不同的灾害事故,组织民众防护时,应针对各种灾害事故对人员的伤害途径和伤害特点,采取不同的防护措施。根据上海地区的实际情况,应着重组织搞好以下几种灾害事故的民众防护。对灾害事故的防护措施,包括个人防护措施和公共防护措施两部分。个人防护措施是民众个人根据平时防灾知识普及教育所掌握的防护知识和技能,自主采取的防护措施;公共防护措施则是各级政府和基层单位及民防组织针对灾害事故的伤害特点,组织指导相关地区的民众所共同采取的防护措施。这里主要介绍公共防护措施。 相似文献
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Nobuo Shuto 《Disasters》1983,7(4):255-258
The Japan Sea coast of Hokkaido and northern parts of the mainland were attacked by tsunamis (seismic sea-waves) and one hundred lives were lost, following the earthquake of May 1983. No tsunamis had previously been captured on so many photographs and video-cameras as this one. This note briefly describes the main features of this event. 相似文献
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Tomowo Hirasawa 《Disasters》1983,7(4):251-254
The Japan Sea earthquake of 1983 took place at the eastern margin of the Japan Sea, which is a marginal sea situated west of the island are of Japan and the Japan trench in the Pacific Ocean. Its magnitude of 7.7 is the largest among earthquakes which have been known to occur in the seismic belt along the Japan Sea coast of Northeast Honshu, Japan. Since the seismic activity in the belt is not so high, the earthquake is especially important in the geophysical interpretation of tectonic process in the region. The aftershock distribution and the focal mechanism reveals that the earthquake is a thrust fault on a plane dipping eastwards by about 30°. The waveform analysis shows that the earthquake can be regarded as a double shock to a first approximation. Interestingly, there was a 10-second intermission between the two events. These are preliminary results, and more detailed studies are under development. 相似文献
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Masanori Izumi 《Disasters》1983,7(4):244-250
A summary review of the Japan Sea (Nipponkai-chubu) earthquake of 1983 is presented. Damage to civil and building structures is explained in brief. Owing to the spread of earthquake-proof design, damage sustained was very slight for a M = 7.7 earthquake, except to those built on liquefied ground. Our next target in earthquake engineering may be to protect and maintain the functions of city-facilities against strong shaking so that citizens might not experience much disruption in their daily lives after big earthquakes. 相似文献
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Eiji Yanagisawa 《Disasters》1983,7(4):259-265
A strong earthquake of magnitude of 7.7 hit the northeast part of Japan on 26th May 1983. Because 100 persons were killed by tsunami, the disaster created a sensation throughout Japan, but there was also a large amount of damage to structures due to the earthquake. Highways, railways, bridges, harbours, levees and private houses were damaged severely in Aomori and Akita prefectures. A great portion of the damage was caused by liquefaction of sand.
This is a prompt report of earthquake damage to structures due to liquefaction. The paper describes general aspects of the damage to structures, with some typical examples are mentioned in more detail. Preliminary results of investigation after the earthquake are also presented to describe the liquefaction phenomena in the earthquake. 相似文献
This is a prompt report of earthquake damage to structures due to liquefaction. The paper describes general aspects of the damage to structures, with some typical examples are mentioned in more detail. Preliminary results of investigation after the earthquake are also presented to describe the liquefaction phenomena in the earthquake. 相似文献
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