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工业机器也属职业事故的重要危险源之一,在其设计时,有效地进行安全性分析是消除和控制工业机器中存在的固有危险的最佳途径。为此,推荐了一种用于工业机器的安全分析模式,并对已的安全分析方法进行了重点选择,将供设计使用的安全分析方法从百余种减少到11种,还对这些方法进行了分类,保供设计人员在设计工业机器时,较方便地选择和系统地应用。 相似文献
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对工业CT在炸药装药密度检测中出现的边缘效应进行了实验研究,分析了边缘效应产生的原因,建立了边缘效应的数学模型,提出了消除边缘效应影响的方法。 相似文献
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因果分析与系统安全性风险评价方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
综合了故障树分析和事件树分析的方法,提出因果分析的框架,研究了基于因果分析建立事故脚本的方法。在此基础上,还对因果分析的概率风险评价方法进行研究,并利用该评价方法,对电机过热的安全性问题进行分析,给出了分析计算的结果 相似文献
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制药企业存在特殊的危险性,为对此危险性进行深入分析而开发的医药工业企业安全评价系统,在参考国家医药管理局关于医药企业安全评价通则的基础上,以现场为出发点建成。该系统以简单的操作方式,完善的功能服务于生产实际。 相似文献
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针对目前机械安全和机械安全性概念模糊不清的问题,阐述机械安全、机械安全性及可靠性相关概念的区别,并进一步分析现有的机械安全性定性、定量及其他评估方法各自的优缺点,并最终得出结论:目前机械安全性定性评价主观性较强、定量评价部件多态性、非单调性、共因失效问题没有解决以及部件关键度计算过程复杂、不利于工程人员直接应用.针对存在的问题,最后给出了机械安全性定性评估模型和定量评估模型的设计方案. 相似文献
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工业设施受恐怖袭击风险评价方法研究进展 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
鉴于全球范围恐怖活动日益猖獗的形势,无论从学术研究还是维护社会安全稳定的角度,恐怖袭击都应作为一个重要的风险因素加以深入研究.恐怖袭击事故是由恐怖分子策划和实施的,其风险机理不同于系统失效或人为失误造成的事故机理.科学地分析、预测和预防恐怖袭击的风险成为当前安全科学领域面临的新课题.本文对国内外相关研究的进展做了较详细的评述,提出了对重要工业设施和公共设施在加强传统安全管理的同时要加强脆弱性评价和保安管理体系建设等建议. 相似文献
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建筑火灾风险评价技术初探 总被引:28,自引:11,他引:28
在分析建筑火灾发生原因的基础上,建立了建筑火灾风险评估因素集.并运用模糊评价法对建筑物的火灾安全进行了风险评价,通过评价得出建筑物所属的安全等级.该方法可用于保险公司对投保建筑的鉴别与筛选,同时可使管理者及时采取措施,以减少火灾危险性. 相似文献
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安全裕度研究与应用进展 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
随着人们对安全认识和需求的不断提高,安全裕度的概念越来越多受到工程设计界及人们日常生活的关注.笔者综述了安全裕度概念在不同工程技术领域应用情况,重点讨论了在压力容器设计、机械加工、电力系统运行、航空飞行管理、军备等复杂系统研究中安全裕度的含义、安全裕度设计方法以及应用安全裕度进行安全评定的方法.通过对安全裕度应用情况分析,表明安全裕度已经成为现代科学技术领域和日常生活中不可缺少的重要概念,广泛受到科技工作者和管理人员的高度重视.笔者还分析了目前安全裕度研究和应用方面存在的问题,提出了应尽快开展安全裕度理论的系统研究,使这一重要概念从目前主要以定性讨论为主上升到定量计算,建立安全裕度学科,并且使安全裕度理论成为安全科学重要组成部分的观点. 相似文献
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Maximum credible accident analysis is one of the most widely used concepts in risk assessment of chemical process industries. Central to this concept is the aspect of ‘credibility’ of envisaged accident scenarios. However, thus far the term credibility is mostly treated qualitatively, based on the subjective judgement of the concerned analysts. This causes wide variation in the results of the studies conducted on the same industrial unit by different analysts.
This paper presents an attempt to develop a criterion using which credible accident scenarios may be identified from among a large number of possibilities. The credible scenarios thus identified may then be processed for detailed consequence analysis. This would help in reducing the cost of the analysis and prevent undue emphasis on less credible scenarios at the expense of more credible ones. 相似文献
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Safecharts is a variant of Statecharts intended exclusively for safety critical systems design. With two separate representations for functional and safety requirements, Safecharts brings the distinctions and dependencies between them into sharper focus, helping both designers and auditors alike in modelling and reviewing safety features. Safecharts incorporates ways to represent equipment failures and failure handling mechanisms and uses a safety-oriented classification of transitions and a safety-oriented scheme for resolving any unpredictable non-deterministic pattern of behaviour. It achieves these through an explicit representation of risks posed by hazardous states by means of an ordering of states and a concept called risk band. Recognising the possibility of gaps and inaccuracies in safety analysis, Safecharts do not permit transitions between states with unknown relative risk levels. However, in order to limit the number of transitions excluded in this manner, Safecharts provides a default interpretation for relative risk levels between states not covered by the risk ordering relation, requiring the designer to clarify the risk levels in the event of a disagreement and thus improving the risk assessment process. 相似文献
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保险对企业安全监督管理之作用 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
通过开展适合于保险与安全监管工作的风险评估体系的研究,充分发挥保险在安全监管工作中的作用,从而为降低职工、企业乃至全社会的风险水平,为经济的可持续发展和社会稳定提供必要的保证条件. 相似文献
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The paper presents the implementation of the SEVESO II Directive in Poland. Particularly, a systematic approach to the realization of MAPP, Safety Report and Emergency Plan is shown. It takes into account the real technical and organizational standards of the Polish major hazard industry as well. The impact of the implementation of SEVESO II Legislation on safety performance changes in particular major hazard companies was assessed using the questionnaires method of data collection. The fundamental question of that survey was: did that exercise improve safety performance or was it just a ‘paper work’? The majority of survey reported more positive than negative comments. The conclusions were drawn and some suggestions were made to improve major accident control in Poland. 相似文献
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The objective of this paper is to show how probabilistic reliability can be assessed for complex systems in the absence of statistical data on their operating experience, based on performance evaluation of the dominant underlying physical processes. The approach is to distinguish between functional and performance probabilities when dealing with the quantification of the overall probability of a system to perform a given function in a given period of time (reliability). In the case of systems where sufficient statistical operating experience data are available, one can focus the quantitative evaluation entirely on the assessment of the functional probability for a given active item (e.g. a pump) by assuming that the specification, layout, construction and installation is such that the item is providing the assigned performance, e.g. in the form of generating the required flow rate. This is how traditional probabilistic safety assessments (PSAs) focus the reliability analysis for the various safety features on the calculation of values for the availability per demand. In contrast, for various systems relevant in advanced technical applications, such as passive safety features in innovative reactor designs, it is essential to evaluate both functional and performance probabilities explicitly and combine the two probabilities later on. This is of course due to the strong reliance of passive safety systems on inherent physical principles. In practice, this means that, for example, in case of a passive cooling system based on natural circulation of a given medium, one has to evaluate and to assess the probability to have a medium condition and a flow rate such that a cladding temperature, represented by a probability distribution, can be hold at a required level. A practical example of this method is given for the case of the reliability assessment of a residual passive heat removal system. General conclusions are drawn regarding reliability estimation of complex, interconnected systems in the absence of statistical performance data, such as for infrastructures. 相似文献
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基于安全系统工程的铁路站段安全管理信息系统研究 总被引:1,自引:5,他引:1
随着安全逐级负责制等各项安全管理机制的建立和运行以及ISO9000系列标准在铁路站段的推广和普及,要求铁路站段急需改变传统的、经验的管理模式,建立基于安全系统工程的、综合运用现代技术手段的安全科学管理体系.笔者在综合考虑人、机、环境三要素的基础上,结合安全系统工程方法,对铁路站段安全管理信息系统的基本功能、系统设计等进行了深入分析,实现了安全信息的自动处理、对事故或隐患的安全分析、安全预测和安全评价功能,为安全管理科学化提供有力的技术支持.以大同西电力机务段为例,对安全管理信息系统进行了实用和考核,取得了预期效果. 相似文献