粉末活性焦对水中磷酸盐的吸附性能

以蒙东褐煤为原料,通过沉降炉炭化活化一步法制备了粉末活性焦（COKE）,其具有丰富的孔隙结构,以微孔为主,占据比表面积的79.3%.考察了活性焦对水中磷酸盐的吸附性能,并进一步研究了吸附时间、温度、初始pH值、初始磷酸盐浓度、活性焦投加量和共存离子对吸附过程的影响,以及吸附动力学、吸附等温线和热力学特征.结果表明：活性焦对水体中的磷酸盐具有良好的吸附性能.在30℃,pH=7的条件下,利用20.00g/L活性焦吸附1mg/L磷酸盐溶液,60min即可达到吸附平衡,此时吸附率可达89.4%.当吸附温度越高（10~40℃）,活性焦投加量越大,溶液pH值在6~7时,活性焦对水中磷酸盐的去除效果越好.共存离子的存在（NO₃^-、SO₄^2-、CO₃^2-）对活性焦吸附磷酸盐有抑制作用.活性焦对磷酸盐溶液的吸附过程较好符合Freundlich模型（R²>0.99）和准二级动力学模型（R²>0.99）,最大吸附容量为1.746mg/g（30℃）,并通过热力学分析发现此过程为自发的吸热反应.利用傅立叶红外光谱分析进一步表明,活性焦吸附磷酸盐主要依靠配位交换.与活性炭相比,活性焦性价比更高,具有良好的应用前景.     

Gas phase trichloroethylene removal at low concentration using activated carbon fiber

The breakthrough adsorption behaviors of gas phase trichloroethylene in a packed bed of activated carbon fibers(ACF) were investigated. The specific surface area of the ACF was 600 m^2/g, 1400 m^2/g and 1600 m^2/g, respectively, and the concentration of trichloroethylene ranged from 270 mg/m^3 to 2700 mg/m^3 . Results showed that the capacity of adsorption increased with increasing specific surface area, the relationship between the logarithms of 10% breakthrough time and concentration was approximately linear over the experimental range, the breakthrough time decreased with increasing temperature and humidity. The breakthrough curves at different inlet concentration or different temperature can be predicted by several simple theoretical models with good agreements.     

活化赤泥吸附除磷及其机理的研究

以铝矿工业赤泥为原材料,采用酸活化、焙烧活化、热酸活化方法进行活化处理,得到除磷吸附剂,考察了pH值、反应时间和磷初始浓度等因素对除磷吸附剂吸附效果的影响.结果表明,活化赤泥具有较好的除磷能力,酸活化赤泥和焙烧活化赤泥对磷的饱和吸附量分别为155.2、144.2 mg·g-1.热酸活化赤泥除磷能力更强,其对磷的饱和吸附量可达202.9 mg·g～,经过热酸活化后的赤泥即使在pH值波动较大时也能很好处理高浓度含磷废水.溶液pH显著影响磷去除效果,在pH为7时得到最大去除量.     

污泥基活性炭去除水中重金属离子效能与动力学研究

以城市污泥为主要原料制备了污泥基活性炭(SAC),考察了其对重金属离子的吸附去除效能和吸附动力学规律.并选择了2种商品活性炭(煤质炭,MAC和椰壳炭,YAC)作为对比,以初始浓度为50mg/L的Cu(II),Pb(II),Cd(II),Cr(VI)4种重金属离子为去除对象,分别进行了3种活性炭的表面理化性质分析及其对4种重金属离子的吸附试验.结果表明,SAC的比表面积和微孔容积仅为YAC和MAC的1/3~1/2,吸附速率也相对较慢,但其对Cu(II),Pb(II),Cr(VI),Cd(II)的平衡吸附量却远大于2种商品活性炭,分别为9.9,8.9,8.2,5.4mg/g,说明SAC表面的高酸性基团含量对重金属离子的吸附起到了关键作用;Langmuir与Freundlich吸附等温模型均能较好地拟合SAC对Cu(II)和Pb(II)的吸附,SAC对Cr(VI)的吸附过程更符合Langmuir模型,而SAC对于Cd(II)的吸附过程用Langmuir与Freundlich两个模型均不能较好地拟合,说明SAC表面缺少能够与Cd(II)发生反应的结合位点.     

Pb(II) removal from water using Fe-coated bamboo charcoal with the assistance of microwaves

Bamboo charcoal(BC) was used as starting material to prepare iron-modified bamboo charcoal(Fe-MBC) by its impregnation in FeCl 3 and HNO 3 solutions simultaneously,followed by microwave heating.The material can be used as an adsorbent for Pb(Ⅱ) contaminants removal in water.The composites were prepared with Fe molar concentration of 0.5,1.0 and 2.0 mol/L and characterized by means of N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms,X-ray diffraction spectroscopy(XRD),scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry(SEM-EDS),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) and point of zero charge(pH pzc) measurements.Nitrogen adsorption analyses showed that the BET specific surface area and total pore volume increased with iron impregnation.The adsorbent with Fe molar concentration of 2 mol/L(2Fe-MBC) exhibited the highest surface area and produced the best pore structure.The Pb(Ⅱ) adsorption process of 2Fe-MBC and BC were evaluated in batch experiments and 2Fe-MBC showed an excellent adsorption capability for removal Pb(Ⅱ).The adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) strongly depended on solution pH,with maximum values at pH 5.0.The ionic strength had a significant effect on the adsorption at pH < 6.0.The adsorption isotherms followed the Langmuir isotherm model well,and the maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(Ⅱ) was 200.38 mg/g for 2Fe-MBC.The adsorption processes were well fitted by a pseudo second-order kinetic model.Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption of Pb(Ⅱ) onto Fe-MBC was feasible,spontaneous,and exothermic under the studied conditions,and the ion exchange mechanism played an significant role.These results have important implications for the design of low-cost and effective adsorbents in the removal of Pb(Ⅱ) from wastewater.     

均相表面扩散模型(HSDM)在活性炭吸附去除水中典型嗅味物质中的应用

水厂中投加粉末活性炭时,由于反应时间非常短,其吸附动力学行为的确定非常重要.利用均相表面扩散模型(HSDM)对粉末活性炭吸附水中2-甲基异莰醇(MIB)及土臭素(geosmin)时的动力学过程进行了模拟.结果表明,只要通过1组吸附动力学实验取得相应的数据,就可以利用均相表面扩散模型HSDM对不同投量下粉末活性炭的吸附动力学过程进行有效的预测,并结合原水中MIB或geosmin的初始浓度、需要处理达到的目标浓度以及粉末活性炭接触时间,确定粉末活性炭的投加量.     

从分子质量的变化分析有机物对GAC吸附内分泌干扰物(BPA)的影响

从分子质量分布的角度研究了水中有机物对颗粒活性炭(GAC)吸附双酚A(BPA)容量及吸附速率的影响.结果表明,相对于以去离子水为本底的BPA溶液来说,GAC吸附以滤后水、臭氧后出水和原水为本底的BPA溶液的Langmuir模型的最大吸附容量q_m值分别下降了29.95%、43.56%和44.44%,而其拟二级动力学模型的k₂值分别下降了43.05%、49.75%和56.38%.相对分子质量3 000以上,尤其是10 000以上的有机物堵塞GAC的二级微孔;3 000以下,尤其是1 000以下的有机物与BPA分子之间存在直接的竞争吸附,是导致GAC对BPA的吸附容量以及吸附速率下降的主要原因.     

Biosorption of cadmium(Ⅱ) and lead(Ⅱ) ions from aqueous solutions onto dried activated sludge

The removal of heavy-metal ions from aqueous solutions by using dried activated sludge has been investigated in batch systems. Effect of solution pH, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature were determined. The results of the kinetic studies showed that the uptake processes of the two metal ions（Cd（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ）） followed the pseudo-second-order rate expression. The equilibrium data fitted very well to both the Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models. The FT-IR analysis showed that the main mechanism of Cd（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） biosorption onto dried activated sludge was their binding with amide I group.     

赤泥强化型岸边缓冲带模拟系统对再生水中磷净化机理初探

为了探讨赤泥对再生水中磷的净化机理,利用烧结法得到了比表面积大、孔隙众多且均匀,钙、铁金属元素含量高,对磷具有较好的吸附作用的赤泥,并通过室内模拟河岸缓冲带系统研究了不同赤泥施入比例对再生水中磷的净化效果及机理.结果表明,赤泥投加量控制在2.5%～5.0%之间时,不仅对再生水中磷的去除效果最好,而且可促使系统基质中铁铝...     

活性炭滤池中微生物特征及其对溶解性有机碳的去除作用

采用异养菌总数计数（HPC）法检测了北京地区J水厂活性炭滤池中微生物量,并分析了活性炭滤池进出水中有机物的组成、活性炭的吸附作用及微生物作用对溶解性有机碳(DOC)去除的贡献率.结果表明,不同炭龄、不同运行周期活性炭滤池中的微生物量有显著的差异.由于溶解性可生物降解有机碳（BDOC）占溶解性有机碳（DOC）的比例较小,且受微生物数量、活性等因素的影响,微生物对DOC的去除效果极为有限,在1.5年和5年炭龄活性炭滤池中对DOC的去除率仅占总去除率的18.8%和26.4%.此外,微生物对较为敏感的嗅味物质2-MIB和geosmin去除作用也不显著,去除率在15%以下（初始浓度为100ng·L-1）;在使用5年活性炭滤池中,微生物对2-MIB和geosmin去除率为12%和14%,分别占总去除率的32%和29%.因此,北京地区地表水净水厂活性炭滤池中微生物对有机物控制的贡献率较低,对DOC的去除主要以活性炭的吸附为主.