垃圾填埋场植被恢复及其环境影响因子的研究

对中山市一个关闭了5a左右的垃圾卫生填埋场进行植被恢复、土壤、填埋气和植物自然定居与植被恢复等方面的调查研究。结果表明：垃圾填埋场的土壤偏碱性，场内土壤的盐分、含水量、有机质和重金属等含量远远高于场外的对照土壤。填埋场的植被自然恢复得很好，总盖度达到98％，以草本植物为主，灌木为辅，另外还有少量的藤本植物和乔本存在。本次调查共记录高等植物74种，隶属63属30科。优势种为狗牙根，亚优势种包括苦楝、胜红蓟、蟛蜞菊、加拿大飞蓬、小牵牛、鸭跖草、少花龙葵、鸡矢藤、红斑一品红、牛筋草、类芦和田菁等12种植物。其中类芦、加拿大飞蓬和胜红蓟是本垃圾填埋场植被恢复先锋植物。场内的填埋气含量显著地高于对照样方，但与其它垃圾填埋场相比，其填埋气的含量较低，因此填埋气对植被恢复的限制作用也相对较小。影响本填埋场植被恢复的环境因子主要是土壤的营养成分、重金属和填埋气。最后，提出了对垃圾填埋场进行植被恢复时应采取的关键措施。图1表5参19。     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液地下原位脱氮技术综述

氨氮是城市垃圾厌氧填埋过程中产生的常见的污染物。由于氨氮的持久性和生物毒性,生活垃圾填埋场渗滤液中氮的脱除已引起了人们的高度关注。文中结合国内外的研究现状的基础,论述了厌氧渗滤液回灌、强制通风好氧填埋、准好氧填埋和生物反应器填埋四种垃圾渗滤液原位脱氮处理技术的原理、技术特点、工程投资、运行成本以及处理效果等;指出了垃圾填埋场渗滤液原位脱氮技术的未来研究重点:填埋场内脱氮机理和脱氮速率的深入研究、工艺控制优化研究以及生物反应器填埋的实际应用设计研究。     

三峡工程生活垃圾处理研究

本文对三峡工程生活垃圾的处理进行了研究。根据其生活垃圾的特征其生活垃圾宜采用卫生填埋处理。通过对场址防渗方案的比较采用帷幕灌浆可满足的防渗要求。填埋场废气估算说明废气利用价值低。垃圾渗滤液经过ＵＡＳＢ和好氧塘处理后达标排放。填埋场运行时还应加强场地监测和安全管理。     

垃圾填埋场的甲烷减排及覆盖层甲烷氧化研究进展

温室效应导致的全球变暖是备受瞩目的环境问题之一,其中垃圾填埋场产生填埋气是全球温室气体的重要来源。文章从垃圾填埋场的CH4产生、CH4减排技术和覆盖层CH4氧化行为及其影响因素等方面对国内外研究现状进行总结,为全面认识垃圾填埋场的CH4减排提供参考。目前,填埋场CH4减排技术包括填埋层原位减排、资源化利用和末端控制技术等,其中准好氧填埋技术和生物覆盖层甲烷氧化技术是适合我国现阶段大量中小型填埋场CH4减排要求的技术。填埋场覆盖层的特性如温度、含水率、有机质含量、pH值、孔隙率、CH4/O2比、植被和无机氮等都会影响其甲烷氧化能力,是填埋场覆盖层甲烷氧化能力研究和调控的主要参数。     

城市垃圾填埋场的沉降研究

通过对位于上海老港填埋场的3000 m2试验场(垃圾填埋高度4 m,填入垃圾10800 t)历时880 d的沉降监测,根据垃圾在填埋场中的降解机理,建立了反映填埋场沉降规律的数学模型,证明了模型的可靠性。研究表明,填埋场的第二阶段沉降(由于垃圾的生物降解而产生的)与填埋时间的指数呈线性关系。根据沉降规律,上海老港填埋场完成大约79%的第二阶段沉降,才能处于高稳定化状态。     

北京市非正规垃圾填埋场垃圾成分特性

通过北京市3处典型非正规垃圾填埋场与1处正规垃圾卫生填埋场对比研究,结果表明,非正规垃圾填埋场与正规垃圾填埋场陈腐垃圾物理组成相近,但非正规垃圾填埋场有机物含量更低,同时垃圾分布不均匀;以建筑渣土为主的区域有机质含量一般低于5%;以生活垃圾为主的区域有机质含量与正规垃圾场相近,一般高于10%,内部最高温度可达42℃左右。     

城市垃圾填埋场建设环境影响评价支持系统设计

我国卫生填埋场产生的环境污染愈来愈突出，引起人们普遍关注。填埋场建设之前做好环境影响评价，对于垃圾填埋场选址，建设，管理，以及有效防止填埋场对环境污染显得非常重要。填埋场环境影响评价考虑因素很多，需要应用较多的数学模型及方法。鉴于此，在对其环境影响系统分析基础上本文建立了一个评价内容全面，实用性强，规范快速的填埋环境影响评价系统EIASL(Environmental Impact Assessment System of Landfill)。     

垃圾填埋场稳定化及其研究现状

文章对直埋场稳定化过程进行了初步描述,并从填埋气、渗滤液、垃圾组成和沉降等４个方面总结了填埋场稳定化的研究现状。     

垃圾填埋场恶臭气体的指纹谱

为研究垃圾填埋场恶臭污染排放现状,采用GC-MS方法分析研究了天津某垃圾填埋场春、夏季节不同采样点臭气中物质组成及主要组分含量.在所采集的样品中定量分析了111种物质,从中筛选21种物质并根据其归一化浓度值建立了各采样点的指纹谱图.结合物质嗅阈值和指纹谱分析,初步识别了各采样点的典型恶臭污染物,垃圾倾倒区包括硫化氢、甲苯、二甲二硫醚、甲硫醚、乙苯;填埋区包括甲苯、二硫化碳、乙醇、乙苯、乙酸乙酯;填埋气包括甲苯、乙苯、对二甲苯、邻二甲苯、甲硫醚.根据物质谱相似性分析,下风向恶臭物质组成主要受填埋区中恶臭污染物的影响.     

生物反应器填埋场稳定技术

通过模拟实验研究了污泥接种、回灌前对渗滤液进行加热、不同的渗滤液回灌频率对生物反应器填埋场稳定进程的影响。研究表明，污泥接种、回灌前对渗滤液进行加热、较高的环境温度均有利于生物反应器填埋场快速稳定，垃圾填埋前期较低的渗滤液回灌频率有助于生物反应器填埋场快速进入产甲烷阶段，后期较高的渗滤液回灌频率则有利于填埋垃圾较快稳定。     

垃圾填埋渗滤液的处理方法

不同的垃圾填埋场及其对出水水质的不同要求,采用的处理方法也不尽相同。本文针对渗滤液的特点及出水情况,介绍了几跑步同的垃圾渗滤的处理方法,包括生物化学方法和深度氧化方法。     

垃圾渗滤液组合工艺处理技术

针对垃圾渗滤液氨氮浓度高、COD浓度高、难降解物质含量高的特点,研究了MAP脱氮-生物处理-混凝组合工艺,考察了不同单元的作用及影响处理效果的因素。试验结果表明,高浓度的垃圾渗滤液经该优化组合工艺处理,污染物的去除率为COD97.5%、BOD599.2%、NH4-N87.2%、E26075.3%。除NH4-N外,其余指标均达到了生活垃圾填埋污染控制标准中规定的二级排放标准值。     

垃圾填埋场周边桉树光合生理特性研究

为了解垃圾填埋场环境下植物的光合适应性,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪,以呼马山森林公园为对照,对位于昆明市东郊垃圾填埋场和对照区的直杆桉Eucalyptus maideni进行了光响应与光合日进程的测定。结果表明:填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率随光强的增加先增加后稍有下降并趋于稳定,光抑制不明显;对照的净光合速率随光强的增加先增加后缓慢下降;在相同光照强度下,填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率、蒸腾速率始终高于呼马山对照的,说明直杆桉可通过提高自身的光合能力和蒸腾速率来适应填埋场的特定环境。胞间CO2浓度随光强的增加先下降后上升,与净光合速率大体呈相反变化;蒸腾速率随光强变化的趋势与气孔导度变化相一致。另外,填埋场直杆桉净光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线,无明显"午休"现象,其变化趋势与蒸腾速率、气孔导度的大体相同。对照的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率与填埋场的变化趋势相似,但变化幅度较少。在自然条件下,填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率和蒸腾速率仍明显高于呼马山对照的。     

光照法处理垃圾渗滤液试验研究

采用直接光照处理青山垃圾填埋场和流芳垃圾填埋场的渗滤液,结果表明,直接光照处理4h,COD去除率分别为31%和18%,其主要原因在于青山垃圾填埋场中含有较多Fe和Cu等光催化物质及自身的光降解.直接光照对NH3-N和总-N的处理效果不佳.     

垃圾填埋场周边枝树光合生理特性研究

为了解垃圾填埋场环境下植物的光合适应性,利用LI-6400便携式光合测定仪,以呼马山森林公园为对照,对位于昆明市东郊垃圾填埋场和对照区的直杆桉Eucalyptusmaideni进行了光响应与光合日进程的测定。结果表明：填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率随光强的增加先增加后稍有下降并趋于稳定,光抑制不明显;对照的净光合速率随光强的增加先增加后缓慢下降;在相同光照强度下,填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率、蒸腾速率始终高于呼马山对照的,说明直杆桉可通过提高自身的光合能力和蒸腾速率来适应填埋场的特定环境。胞间CO2浓度随光强的增加先下降后上升,与净光合速率大体呈相反变化;蒸腾速率随光强变化的趋势与气孔导度变化相一致。另外,填埋场直杆桉净光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线,无明显“午休”现象,其变化趋势与蒸腾速率、气孔导度的大体相同。对照的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率与填埋场的变化趋势相似,但变化幅度较少。在自然条件下,填埋场直杆桉的净光合速率和蒸腾速率仍明显高于呼马山对照的。     

Phytoremediation of landfill leachate using Pennisetum clandestinum

Landfills are still the most widely used solid waste disposal method used across the world. Leachate generated from landfill areas exerts environmental risks mostly on surface and groundwater, with its high pollutant content, most notably metals, which cause an unbearable lower water quality. During dumping or after the capacity of the landfill has been reached, a decontamination and remediation program should be taken for the area. This study was conducted to assess the capacity and efficiency of Pennisetum clandestinum, a prostrate perennial plant, to accumulate chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb). Leachate, taken from the Sofulu Landfill Site, was given to Pennisetum clandestinum for 180 days, in 3 dilution sets as 1/1, 1/2 and 1/4, in batch configuration. An additional control set was also installed for comparison. Results showed that, even though the metal content of soil had risen, plants accumulated 2 to 8.5 times higher concentrations than the control set. It is important to see, the plant showed almost no stress symptoms even if the set was fed by pure leachate. Pennisetum clandestinum was observed to accumulate metals mostly in the upper bodies, excluding Fe and Cu. 76% of accumulated Cr, 85% of Ni, 66% of Zn and 100% of Pb was observed to accumulate in above-ground parts, where only 20% of Cu and 4% of Fe was accumulated. Due to the high pollution tolerance of Pennisetum clandestinum, makes this plant suitable for decontamination and remediation of landfill sites.     

Identification and assessment of water pollution as a consequence of a leachate plume migration from a municipal landfill site (Tucumán,Argentina)

Landfills constitute potential sources of different pollutants that could generate human health and environmental problems. While some landfills currently work under the protection of a bottom liner with leachate collection, it was demonstrated that migration could take place even yet with these cautions. The purpose of this paper is to assess the pollution caused by a leachate plume from a municipal landfill that is affecting both groundwater and surface waters. The research was carried out at Pacará Pintado landfill in northwestern Argentina. Analysis of water samples indicates that leachate is affecting groundwater under the landfill area and an abandoned river channel hydraulically connected. In the center of the landfill area, the plume is anoxic and sulfate, nitrate, iron and manganese reduction zones were identified. Leachate plume presented high concentration of organic matter, Fe, Mn, NH₄ ⁺, Cl^? and Cr reaching an extension of 900 m. The presence of a leachate plume in a landfill site with a single liner system implies that the use of this groundwater pollution control method alone is not enough especially if permeable sediments are present below.     

Fungal diversity and its mechanism of community shaping in the milieu of sanitary landfill

• Ascomycota was the predominant phylum in sanitary landfill fungal communities. • Saprophytic fungi may be of special importance in landfill ecology. • Both richness and diversity of fungal community were lower in leachate than refuse. • Physical habitat partly contributed to the geographic variance of fungal community. • NO₃⁻ was considered the most significant abiotic factor shaping fungal community. Land filling is the main method to dispose municipal solid waste in China. During the decomposition of organic waste in landfills, fungi play an important role in organic carbon degradation and nitrogen cycling. However, fungal composition and potential functions in landfill have not yet been characterized. In this study, refuse and leachate samples with different areas and depths were taken from a large sanitary landfill in Beijing to identify fungal communities in landfills. In high-throughput sequencing of ITS region, 474 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were obtained from landfill samples with a cutoff level of 3% and a sequencing depth of 19962. The results indicates that Ascomycota, with the average relative abundance of 84.9%, was the predominant phylum in landfill fungal communities. At the genus level, Family Hypocreaceae unclassified (15.7%), Fusarium (9.9%) and Aspergillus (8.3%) were the most abundant fungi found in the landfill and most of them are of saprotrophic lifestyle, which plays a big role in nutrient cycling in ecosystem. Fungi existed both in landfilled refuse and leachate while both the richness and evenness of fungal communities were higher in the former. In addition, fungal communities in landfilled refuse presented geographic variances, which could be partly attributed to physical habitat properties (pH, dissolved organic carbon, volatile solid, NH₄⁺, NO₂⁻ and NO₃⁻), while NO₃⁻ was considered the most significant factor (p<0.05) in shaping fungal community.