磁性树脂对地下水中硝酸盐的去除效能及影响因素

利用小试实验研究了磁性离子交换树脂对水中硝酸盐的去除效能,并探讨了地下水中常见有机物及无机离子对其去除效能的影响.结果表明,磁性离子交换树脂对纯水中20mg/L的NO3--N的交换容量为55.91mg/mL,且去除速率较快,10min基本达到去除平衡;地下水中的腐殖酸类有机物对NO3--N的去除基本没有影响,而常见阴离子具有较明显的影响,其影响程度为SO42-CO32-Cl-HCO3-;针对徐州某水厂地下水的去除研究表明,通水倍数为500BV时磁性离子交换树脂对地下水中NO3--N的去除率约为50%左右.综上,磁性离子交换树脂可以作为去除地下水中的硝酸盐一种处理技术.     

去除地下水硝酸盐的新技术

一、地下水去除硝酸盐的现状目前,许多国家的供水中,都出现了硝酸盐含量增加的趋势。尤其是,随着近年来各国对水质要求的提高,使饮水中硝酸盐的含量问题更为突出。在荷兰(用水的2/3为地下水),有25％左右的地下水,其硝酸盐含量过高。在我     

磁性离子交换树脂对原水中有机物去除效能的研究

采用磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX)预处理原水中有机物的中试试验结果表明,MIEX技术可有效地去除原水中的有机物,对UV254,DOC和CODMn的去除率分别稳定在82%、66%和50%,MIEX预处理可以有效强化混凝沉淀对有机物、藻细胞和浊度的去除.与常规工艺相比,在混凝剂聚合氯化铝投加量降低56%时,该工艺对UV254和CODMn的去除率分别为90%和71%,对藻细胞数和浊度的去除率分别为99%和95%.对溶解性有机物分级和分子量分布的测定表明,MIEX预处理主要去除混凝沉淀无法有效去除的小分子区间的亲水性和疏水性有机物,可以有效控制消毒副产物的产生,MIEX预处理与混凝沉淀联用工艺出水的三卤甲烷生成势(THMFP)和卤乙酸生成势(HAAFP)比原水降低了88%和87%.     

季铵化对磁性树脂去除水中腐殖酸的影响

该研究以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为单体、二乙烯苯为交联剂、油酸改性Fe_3O_4为磁种,通过悬浮聚合法制备了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯磁性树脂(PGMA),并以盐酸三甲胺对其进行季铵功能化改性。研究结果表明:季铵功能化可显著提高树脂颗粒对水中溶解性腐殖酸(HA)的去除效果,在初始浓度为11.2 mg/L(以TOC计)的HA溶液中平衡吸附量达到3.71 mg/g(干重),是功能化前的3.5倍。分子量分析显示,PGMA对于不同分子量区间HA去除效果差异不大,而季铵化后则表现出分子量区间的选择性,30 kDa和3 kDa的组分更易被去除。此外,季铵化也使PGMA具备了极强的去除亲水性组分的能力。PGMA主要通过表面的疏水性作用实现水中HA的去除,而季铵官能团的引入使其具备了阴离子交换的能力,因此对荷负电的HA,特别是亲水性分子表现出更好的去除效果。     

磁性离子交换树脂治理废水技术

离子交换作为废水处理传质过程的一种典型分离净化方法，其特点已为人们所认识，并在合重金属废水处理和利用工程中得到广范的应用。目前我国市场供应的离子交换树脂种类很多，效果也较理想。离子交换树脂的性质主要由树脂的活性基团决定的，阳离子交换树脂的活性基团有横酸基（一SOH）、波基（一C00H）、羟基（一OH）等，前者为强酸性的，后两者为弱酸性的。在阴离子交换树脂的活性基团中，季胶基〔－N（oH3）。］”是强碱性的，叔胺基是弱碱性的。但一般的离子交换树脂流速太慢，影响生产效率。近年来虽然采取了一些措施，例如采用很…     

乙醇对地下水中硝酸盐去除作用的研究

综述和比较了近年来利用不同碳源反硝化去除地下水中硝酸盐的研究成果,并着重于乙醇作为碳源的脱硝作用。从硝酸盐去除、亚硝酸盐积累、产生生物量等方面比较了不同碳源蔗糖、乙醇、甲醇、乙酸等的优缺点,最终认为乙醇是较为合适的碳源。阐述了该领域的研究进展,总结了影响反硝化进行的主要因素,指出目前乙醇反硝化去除硝酸盐存在的问题,同时对今后进一步的研究方向进行了展望。     

阴离子交换树脂生物再生去除硝酸盐氮

阴离子交换树脂可高效去除水体中的硝酸盐,但盐水再生所产生的脱附液处理难度大.生物再生可通过反硝化作用降解吸附于树脂上硝酸盐氮,减少盐的使用,降低处理成本.本文在考察不同碳源(葡萄糖、乙酸钠、乳酸钠、甲醇)对生物再生影响的基础上,利用反硝化细菌对吸附有硝酸盐氮的阴离子交换树脂进行了生物再生研究,考察了微生物浓度和共存Na Cl对生物再生的影响.结果表明,生物再生过程由离子交换脱附过程和反硝化过程构成,整体受反硝化过程限制.微生物浓度的升高可显著降低生物再生所需时间,当微生物接种量高于0.6 g·L-1时,树脂上的硝酸盐可以在10 h内完全降解.再生体系中Na Cl可促进硝酸根的离子交换脱附,造成初始阶段溶液中硝酸盐浓度的快速升高,但生物再生仍受反硝化过程控制.当Na Cl浓度高于20 g·L-1时,反硝化生物活性被抑制,生物再生时间显著增加.而吸附生物再生多批次实验表明,生物再生后的树脂吸附量稳定于30~35 mg·g~(-1).     

锯末+乙醇作为混合碳源去除地下水中硝酸盐的影响因素研究

本试验采用室内试验装置,研究了 pH、温度、硝酸盐浓度对锯末+乙醇作为混合碳源去除地下水中硝酸盐的影响结果表明,pH值在5～10内变化时对锯末+乙醇混合碳源体系的硝酸盐去除率影响较大,pH ＞7时的硝酸盐去除率明显高于pH ＜7时的去除率;并且随着pH值的增加,亚硝酸盐的积累量越多,锯末+乙醇混合碳源体系最佳的pH值范围是7～8.锯末+乙醇混合碳源体系受温度的影响较大,温度为8.5、15℃时的反硝化速率显著低于25℃时的速率,25℃时的反硝化速率分别是8.5、15℃时的3倍和1.5倍,锯末+乙醇混合碳源体系适宜的温度范围为25 ～35℃进水硝酸盐浓度也会影响锯末+乙醇混合碳源体系的反硝化效果,硝酸盐氮浓度在67.8 ～113 mg·L-1范围内变化时,反应体系的硝酸盐去除效果较好反应初期,硝酸盐浓度越大混合碳源体系的反硝化速率就越低,可能较大的硝酸盐负荷对反硝化细菌产生毒害作用而不利于硝酸盐的去除.     

去除地下水中硝酸盐的渗透性反应墙研究

通过土柱试验模拟地下水环境,研究以发酵树皮和沙子混合物为反应介质的渗透性反应墙(生物墙)对地下水中硝酸盐的去除情况,探讨其作用机制与影响因素,为硝酸盐污染地下水的修复提供经济有效的方法.结果表明,从模拟生物墙运行的第3 d起,墙内为强还原环境(Eh在-100 mV之下),有利于硝酸盐的还原降解.在15 d的运行时间内,模拟生物墙对水中硝态氮(NO3--N)的去除率为80%～90%左右(NO3--N由进水的20 mg·L-1可降至出水的1.6 mg·L-1);出水中亚硝态氮(NO2--N)的浓度较低,一直小于2.5 mg·L-1;出水中铵态氮(NH4+-N)的浓度在前2 d较低,从第3 d起升至12 mg·L-1.模拟生物墙对NO3--N的去除机制主要为吸附和微生物降解.提高模拟生物墙内水流速度后,NO3--N的去除率有所下降,出水中NH4+-N的浓度明显降低.在模拟生物墙下游串联一个模拟沸石墙,可去除水中98%的NH4+-N.     

再生液添加NaHCO3对硝酸盐选择性去除工艺的影响

在NaCl再生液中添加pH缓冲剂NaHCO₃,重点调查了添加NaHCO₃对失效再生液电解效果和地下水硝酸盐选择性离子交换-再生-失效再生液电解工艺长期运行稳定性的影响。结果表明:在6 g/L NaCl再生液中添加10 g/L NaHCO₃后,电解8 h硝酸盐的去除率达到96%,溶液pH值变化较小,硝酸盐去除效果优于不调节pH或加稀盐酸调节pH,Fe阴极无显著腐蚀现象;再生液NaCl浓度从6 g/L提高到36 g/L,电解反应的硝酸盐去除率降低;地下水选择性离子交换-再生-失效再生液电解工艺长期运行过程中（13个工作循环）,在6 g/L NaCl再生液中添加NaHCO₃对产水水质、树脂选择性、再生液洗脱能力和硝酸盐积累规律均无负面影响,产水水质稳定、优良。     

Removal of bentazone from micro-polluted water using MIEX resin: Kinetics, equilibrium, and mechanism

The contamination of surface and ground water by bentazone has attracted increasing global concern in recent years. We conducted a detailed investigation using MIEX resin to eliminate bentazone from waters. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate the e ect of process parameters, such as retention time, resin amount, and initial pesticide concentration, on removal e ciency of bentazone. Results showed the sorption process was fast and bentazone could be e ciently removed in 30 minutes. The kinetic process of bentazone sorption on MIEX resin was well described by pseudo second-order model and intraparticle di usion was the rate controlling step. The MIEX resin possessed the highest sorption capacity of 0.2656 mmol/mL for bentazone according to Langmuir fitting. Bentazone is a hydrophobic ionizable organic compound, and both ionic charge and hydrophobic aromatic structure governed the sorption characteristics on MIEX resin. The di erent removal e ciencies of ionic and non-ionic pesticides, combined with the charge balance equations of bentazone, SO4 2??, NO3?? and Cl??, indicated that removal of bentazone using MIEX resin occurred primarily via ion exchange.     

常介孔型磁性离子交换树脂的制备及其效能——针对典型藻源含氮有机物

以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯为单体,利用单体聚合法制备了介孔型磁性离子交换树脂(m-MIER),并在表征其基本性状的基础上,初步分析了其对典型藻源含氮有机物(藻蓝蛋白、氨基酸)的去除效能.为便于比较,研究过程中同步进行了磁性离子交换树脂(MIEX^®)的研究.研究结果表明,m-MIER是以氯为交换基团的介孔型材料,其孔径为2~60nm;与MIEX^®相比,m-MIER具有相似的湿视密度、粒径,更丰富的孔隙结构、更大的交换容量(1.15g/cm³, 150~200 μm, 0.1852cm³/g, 3.16mmol/g Vs 1.20g/cm³, 150~180 μm, 0.0184cm³/g, 2.23mmol/g);XPS图谱分析结果表明其内核成分主要为Fe₃O₄,且为季胺型阴离子交换树脂.针对藻源含氮有机物的去除结果表明,m-MIER对藻蓝蛋白、特定氨基酸的去除效果明显优于MIEX^®,且去除效果与氨基酸的种类显著相关.     

离子交换树脂静态吸附二甲胺的研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了二甲胺在ZGSPC106型细颗粒树脂上的吸附行为,从热力学和动力学角度对吸附过程进行了分析,并用红外光谱的方法探讨了树脂吸附二甲胺的机理.结果表明,Langmuir等温方程能够很好的拟合吸附平衡数据,热力学参数表明该吸附可自发进行,且为熵增加的吸热过程,293K温度下树脂的静态饱和吸附容量为138.89mg/g(干树脂);吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型,颗粒扩散是树脂吸附二甲胺速率的主要控制步骤.     

磁性树脂预处理对粉末活性炭吸附水中卡马西平的影响

通过磁性树脂预处理,来提高粉末活性炭(PAC)应对水源水中突发以卡马西平(CBZ)为代表的PPCPs类有机物污染风险的能力.结果显示,Freundlich吸附模型可以更好描述PAC对CBZ的吸附规律;假一级动力学对CBZ吸附动力学过程模拟结果良好,假二级动力学更适合模拟时间大于1h的吸附过程;200~300目PAC具有较大的吸附容量和较快的吸附速率;在模拟配水试验中,磁性树脂与PAC联用相比单独使用PAC时,DOC去除率提高了40.64%,UV254去除率提高了41.27%,CBZ去除率提高了14.72%.在去除水中有机污染物过程中,磁性树脂与PAC间存在协同作用,磁性树脂预处理强化了PAC对CBZ的去除效果.     

Adsorptive removal of antibiotics from water using magnetic ion exchange resin

The occurrence of antibiotics in the environment has recently raised serious concern regarding their potential threat to aquatic ecosystem and human health. In this study, the magnetic ion exchange(MIEX) resin was applied for removing three commonly-used antibiotics, sulfamethoxazole(SMX), tetracycline(TCN) and amoxicillin(AMX) from water.The results of batch experiments show that the maximum adsorption capacities on the MIEX resin for SMX, TCN and AMX were 789.32, 443.18 and 155.15 μg/m L at 25°C,respectively, which were 2–7 times that for the powdered activated carbon. The adsorption kinetics of antibiotics on the MIEX resin could be simulated by the pseudo-second-order model(R~2= 0.99), and the adsorption isotherm data were well described by the Langmuir model(R~2= 0.97). Solution p H exhibited a remarkable impact on the adsorption process and the absorbed concentrations of the tested antibiotics were obtained around the neutral p H.The MIEX resin could be easily regenerated by 2 mol/L Na Cl solution and maintained high adsorption removal for the tested antibiotics after regeneration. Anion exchange mechanism mainly controlled the adsorption of antibiotic and the formation of hydrogen binding between the antibiotic and resin can also result in the increase of adsorption capacity. The high adsorption capacity, fast adsorption rate and prominent reusability make the MIEX resin a potential adsorbent in the application for removing antibiotics from water.     

亚磷酸盐在硝酸根溶液中的光氧化过程及影响因素

亚磷酸盐(HPO₃^2-,H₂PO₃^-,+3价)是磷生物地球化学循环中的还原态形式,其在水环境中的光氧化过程可能是亚磷酸盐转化的重要途径之一.以300W汞灯为光源,研究了环境浓度(1μmol/L)的亚磷酸盐在NO₃^-溶液中的光氧化过程,探讨了NO₃^-浓度、溶液pH值、环境中普遍存在的离子(Cl^-、SO₄^2-、HCO₃^-、Fe³⁺、Mn²⁺)及腐殖酸对亚磷酸盐光氧化过程的影响.结果表明,亚磷酸盐在NO₃^-溶液中的光氧化反应符合准一级动力学规律,当NO₃^-浓度由0增至120μmol/L时,其速率常数由0.020h^-1增至0.271h^-1;酸性溶液(pH = 4)有利于亚磷酸盐在硝酸根溶液中的光氧化,水环境中SO₄^2-及Cl^-对光氧化过程存在弱抑制,而HCO₃^-对光氧化过程产生较强的抑制作用.Fe³⁺促进了亚磷酸盐在NO₃^-溶液中光氧化过程,而Mn²⁺则是抑制作用.腐殖酸的加入对亚磷酸盐光氧化过程存在抑制作用.活性氧猝灭剂(异丙醇,叠氮化钠)的加入大大抑制了亚磷酸盐的光氧化过程,表明亚磷酸盐光氧化过程中,活性氧的产生对其光氧化起到关键作用.模拟太湖水样中亚磷酸盐的减少量与正磷酸盐的增加量一致,证明亚磷酸盐光氧化产物是正磷酸盐.     

Adsorption of naphthalene onto a high-surface-area carbon from waste ion exchange resin

A high-surface-area carbon (KC-1) was prepared from waste polystyrene-based ion exchange resin by KOH activation and used for naphthalene adsorption. The carbon exhibited a good hydrophobic nature with developed porous structure, favoring the adsorption of organic compounds. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface area and total pore volume of KC-1 were 3442.2 and 1.68 cm 3 /g, respectively, which can be compared with those of KOH-activated carbons prepared from other precursors. Batch experiments were carried out to investigate the adsorption of naphthalene onto KC-1. The equilibrium data were analyzed by the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Polanyi- Manes isotherms and agreed with the Polanyi-Manes Model. The adsorption of naphthalene depended greatly on the porosity of the carbon, and the dispersive interactions between naphthalene and carbon could be relatively weak. The pH variation in aqueous solution had little effect on the adsorption process. The equilibrium time for 0.04 g/L of carbon dose was around 5 hr. Different models were used to evaluate the kinetic data and the pseudo second-order model was suitable to describe the kinetic process of naphthalene adsorption onto KC-1. Regeneration of spent carbon could be carried out effectively by alcohol treatment. The results indicated that KC-1 was a promising adsorbent for the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solutions.     

Bio-reduction of nitrate from groundwater using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor

A hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor(MBfR) using H2 as electron donor was investigated to remove nitrate from groundwater.When nitrate was first introduced to the MBfR,denitrification took place on the shell side of the membranes immediately,and the effluent concentration of nitrate continuously decreased with 100% removal rate on day 45 under the influent nitrate concentration of 5 mg NO3--N/L,which described the acclimating and enriching process of autohydrogenotrophic denitrification bacteria.A series of short-term experiments were applied to investigate the effects of hydrogen pressures and nitrate loadings on denitrification.The results showed that nitrate reduction rate improved as H2 pressure increasing,and over 97% of total nitrogen removal rate was achieved when the nitrate loading increased from 0.17 to 0.34 g NO3--N/(m2 ·day) without nitrite accumulation.The maximum denitrification rate was 384 g N/(m3 ·day).Partial sulfate reduction,which occurred in parallel to nitrate reduction,was inhibited by denitrififcation due to the competition for H2 .This research showed that MBfR is effective for removing nitrate from the contaminated groundwater.