国家环境信息与统计能力建设项目进入验收阶段

国家环境信息与统计能力建设项目（简称“信息能力项目”）是落实党中央、国务院关于节能减排工作部署,围绕“科学的减排指标体系、准确的减排监测体系、严格的减排考核体系”建立和完善的要求,环境保护部同时启动的四个能力建设项目之一。     

“国家环境信息与统计能力建设”项目建设情况

"国家环境信息与统计能力建设"项目(简称"信息能力"项目)是落实党中央、国务院关于节能减排工作部署,围绕"科学的减排指标体系、准确的减排监测体系、严格的减排考核体系"建立和完善的要求,环境保护部同时启动的四个能力建设项目之一。该项目由国家发展和改革委员会批复,项目总投资5.79亿元,由环境保护部及下属直属单位、派出机构承担建设,各省、自治区、直辖市环境保护厅(局)参与共建。截至目前,项目的整体及分省实施     

基于国家环境信息与统计能力建设的减排数据管理与综合分析

文章以国家环境信息与统计能力建设项目为基础,建立污染源“一源一档”管理体系,并基于减排数据建立青海省污染源档案,可实现对污染源的档案化管理。建立减排相关数据综合分析体系,对青海省总量减排、污染排放、自动监控等减排相关数据进行常规统计分析,以及深度数据挖掘分析,可为环保部门提供信息化决策支持。     

环境信息能力建设评估研究

环境信息能力建设评估可发挥导向作用,促进我国环境信息能力建设长效可持续发展。本文从环境信息能力建设评估体系和评估模型两方面对环境信息能力建设评估做了透彻的分析,并为环境信息能力建设评估体系的应用提出了相关建议,为国内开展环境信息能力建设评估指明了方向。     

高质量绿色发展形势下环境统计的问题与建议

环境统计是环境保护的一项重要基础性工作。推动我国经济实现高质量绿色发展,更需要调整和建立新的环境统计指标体系,科学衡量中国经济增长的质量,评判中国经济增长的短板。本文在回顾国内外环境统计发展历程的基础上,针对当前高质量绿色发展形势,分析了环境统计工作中存在的统筹制度缺乏、统计指标不完善、统计数据质量不高、统计体系法律法规不健全等问题。最后从完善环境统计方法体系、建立监测统计数据收集和审核机制、建立和完善环境投资统计体系三方面提出有针对性的对策与建议。本文可为完善我国环境统计制度和政策、提高环境统计科学准确性提供决策支持,为推动我国经济向高质量绿色化发展奠定坚实基础。     

山西省排污权交易体系改进设计

本文在山西省排污权交易工作现有交易机制、政策设计与实践成果的基础上,分析现有排污权交易实施过程中存在的主要问题,并结合"十三五"时期国家对排污权交易工作的总体要求,提出山西省排污交易体系的改进设计建议。通过改进排污权初始分配方式和排污权交易模式,制定活跃排污权交易市场的相关政策,强化市场与政府的对接,探索山西省地方立法,扩展山西省排污权交易管理平台等,逐步完善交易制度建设、监管体系建设、信息统计体系建设,深化排污权交易支持下的山西省总量减排及环境监管能力建设,构建管理规范、交易顺畅的排污指标交易市场,支持排污权交易工作在山西省的全面推广与实施。     

中国动态

国家环境监管能力建设“十二五”规划发布 环保部、发改委、财政部近日联合印发《国家环境监管能力建设“十二五”规划》,以总量减排、质量改善、风险防范、基础完善为着力点,在环境监测、监察、预警、应急、信息、评估、统计、科技、宣教等领域开展能力建设,切实加强环境监管能力。《规划》指出,结合四大领域任务,实施基础、保障、人才等三大工程,规划总投资400亿元。     

对“十二五”期间主要污染物减排问题的思考

＂十二五＂期间主要污染物减排因子增加,减排削减的范围覆盖更广,更加注重结构减排,面临的减排目标压力依然很大,而且部分因子进一步削减的难度加大。因此,在＂十二五＂期间合理确定主要污染物减排基数,科学测算增量,合理分配减排指标,构建减排环境统计体系和平台,统筹考虑确定性约束性指标与趋势性指标,建立长效机制与行政措施等问题值...     

大力普及在线监测 助力三大体系建设

污染物减排目标是"十一五"必须完成的约束性指标.科学的污染减排指标体系、准确的减排监测体系、严格的减排考核体系(简称三大体系)是污染减排的重要基础.对污染源普及安装在线监测设备是建设"准确的减排监测体系"的重要内容.本文阐述了我国污染源在线监测设备普及和产品认证工作现状、政策驱动效应,发展态势并提出了相关建议.     

环境信息服务业发展趋势探讨

环境管理涉及多部门、多地区和多领域,手工管理模式已不能满足环境管理工作对信息资源及处理方法的需要,并由此产生了环境信息服务产业。近年来,环境信息服务产业不断发展,从单一的环保部门信息化机构建设、基础软硬件建设、管理信息系统建设,逐渐发展到以政府、企业、科研机构、公众等为服务对象的多元环境服务模式。文章对我国环境信息服务的发展进行了回顾,重点就环境信息服务平台、技术体系、服务模式进行了归纳总结,提出了环境信息服务建设中的一些认识和问题。     

柴达木盆地盐渍土的成因、性质与对公路危害及防治对策

文章通过对柴达木地区盐渍土形成的地质环境背景条件类型、特性等进行分析基础上,提出各类盐渍土对公路运营过程中的危害及防治对策,可作为实际工作的借鉴。     

石油降解菌的分离筛选及混合菌群的构建与优化

以河南濮阳油田超重质原油为研究对象,从污染井场土壤中分离并筛选出几株高效降解细菌、酵母菌和霉菌。由于不同类型微生物对碳源的利用目标和方式有所不同,而将3类不同类型菌种进行排列组合进行降解实验,最终优选出一组石油降解优势菌群。该文还利用正交优化法对降解菌的最佳添加量进行计算,结果显示,最佳接种量为X25：1．5％,Z3：1％,X18：1％,Z28：2％。利用该优化结果进行降解实验,石油的降解率在一定程度上提高了。在对濮阳、南阳和延长油田不同原油进行为期8d的降解实验中,显示了较高的降解效率,降解率分别为56．93％、65．66％、82．69％。实验证明,该降解菌群能不仅能有效够降解超重油,而且对重质原油和轻质原油表现出更好的降解能力。因此,该研究为石油污染物的降解提供了有效的菌种资源。     

改革开放40年来生态环境监管执法的回顾与展望

改革开放40年来,我国生态环境监管执法体系经历了从无到有,从以排污收费为核心内容,到以改善生态环境质量为根本目的,再到更加注重保护执法相对人合法权利的变迁和跨越。总体而言,环境监管执法队伍在全国各级政府不断建立,环境监管相关之事权与权责更加明晰,环境监管执法能力不断强化,环境行政管理体制不断理顺,环境法律制度体系更加优化,环境治理之主体和手段更加多元。     

Environmentalists and the computer

Summary The growth in the application of computers is one of the major developments of the last half of the 20th Century. There have already been substantial changes in society because of the computer, but even greater changes lie ahead. This paper defines some of the characteristics and applications of computers, as well as some of their limitations. It closes with comments on the implications of the development of ‘a new class of illiterates’—those who are unfamiliar with or even afraid of the computer as an aid in measurement, analysis, record keeping, communication and education. Robert C. Baron has over 25 years experience in the computer industry, as an engineer and as an executive. He was program manager for the Mariner II (Venus) and the Mariner IV (Mars) on board space computers. He was worldwide systems manager for Honeywell's minicomputer business. In 1972, he founded Prime Computer and was its first president. He is currently working as a writer, lecturer and consultant on the development and application of computer and communication technology. Mr. Baron is the author or contributor to six books and has written over 40 papers and speeches.     

Culture and the environment in the United States

The beliefs of Americans about the proper relationship between humans and their environment were profoundly affected by waves of immigration from Europe. Immigrants valued ownership of land, individuality, freedom, domination of nature, and technological development. These themes remain strong today as centerpieces of the American dominant social paradigm (DSP).That DSP has been reexamined and found wanting by an increasing proportion of Americans. This departure from the old DSP has progressed further among the public than among the elite who have a greater stake in preserving the status quo. Environmentalists constitute a vanguard trying to lead the people to a new, more environmentally oriented social paradigm. The beliefs of the old DSP and the new environmental paradigm (NEP) are contrasted in Table 2. Briefly, the NEP advocates stress love of nature rather than domination of it; compassion for other peoples, future generations, and other species; planning to avoid risk; limits to growth; fundamental social change; and a new structuring of politics.These two worldviews are likely to be in vigorous conflict for several decades in the USA. Social learning, spurred by deterioration of the old ways, is likely to lead Americans to a new perspective on their relationship to nature.With the advice and assistance of Barbara V. Fisher.     

Culture and the environment in the Soviet Union

The Soviet Union is one of the most physically and culturally diverse nations on earth. Its natural environment embraces a rich variety of resources and ecosystems, many of which, such as Lake Baikal, are of world significance. Culturally, it is comprised of over a hundred ethnic groups, belonging to eight major language groups and six major religions. However, two cultures are dominant: the Slavic group (which takes in 75% of the USSR population and 80% of its land area) and the Turkic-Islamic peoples who account for the large majority of the remainder. Owing to the highly centralized nature of the country's political-administrative system, however, the effect of culture or ethnic traditions in the resolution of national environmental issues is quite small. Major decisions regarding either specific conservation issues or basic environmental policies are made at the centralized level by ministerial, planning, and Communist Party officials, and are based on pragmatically refined ideological considerations, rather than on regional cultural attitudes. This pragmatic refining of ideological considerations will involve the weighing of specific economic and environmental imperatives, and deciding on appropriate trade-offs. To find cultural expression in environmental management, one would need to look closely at local projects and approaches in the various ethnic regions, particularly the non-Slavic ones.