快速仪器法与乙酰丙酮光度法测定室内空气中甲醛对比研究

本文对比了甲醛的国家标准检验法—乙酰丙酮分光光度法与便携式PPM-400型甲醛快速检测仪监测分析室内甲醛的效果。研究结果表明:甲醛检测仪与乙酰丙酮分光光度法无显著性差异,结果 t小于t0.05,P大于0.05,说明差别无显著意义,即两种分析方法的可比性很好。仪器法可满足甲醛的快速监测分析的需要。     

荧光法测定黄瓜中的谷胱甘肽

研究了用荧光分光光度计测定黄瓜中谷胱甘肽的方法。在荧光条件激发波长EX为340nm,发射波长EM为420nm时,其测定回收率为99．55％－99．95％,变异系数为1．24％。     

不同红外光度法对水中石油类分析的研究

本文用两种不同的红外光度法(分散红外分光光度法和非分散红外光度法)分别测定了水中油，对两种不同的红外光度法在分析测试过程中的各种情况进行了分析研究。分析研究结果表明，分散红外分光光度法对不同组成的样品有更好的适应性。     

塔河油田废水测定中的分光光度计期间核查

文章介绍了保证可见分光光度计在两次检定间隔期间准确性的两种期间核查方法:标准滤光片核查法和标准物质核查法,并对这两种方法进行了分析与效果的比较。结果表明:标准滤光片法结果准确,但费用高;标准物质核查法方便,但准确性低。     

重油生物脱硫菌的筛选

本实验由菌种采集开始，经过富集培养、平板分离、选样、摇瓶培养等步骤，筛选出了具有较好脱硫能力的菌株，并通过紫外分光光度计和气相色谱仪初步检测了它们的脱硫能力。     

原油中硫化氢含量检测方法探讨

原油中的硫化氢会对后续工序产生影响,文章重点研究原油中硫化氢含量的检测方法。结果表明:气相色谱法检测范围广,误差小;碘量法操作简便,但存在较大误差;碘量法、激光法、分光光度法、离子色谱法在检测原油中硫化氢含量之前,均需要吹脱原油样品;而电化学法、气相色谱法可以直接检测原油样品;对传感器的研究是今后热点,但要克服原油腐蚀性、黏稠的问题;便携式硫化氢检测仪适合一线操作员工使用。     

刺参不同发育期的5种消化酶活力研究

选取稚参、幼参、养成参三个不同生长期的刺参各8组样品,利用酶标仪和分光光度计对5种消化酶活力进行检测,并运用SPSS软件对实验结果进行分析。结果显示,稚参组与幼参组蛋白酶和褐藻酸酶活力差异显著;稚参组淀粉酶活力与幼参组和养成期参组淀粉酶活力差异显著,稚参组明显偏小;纤维素酶活力与脂肪酶活力在三个生长期均无显著差异,且脂肪酶活力最小,纤维素酶活力次之。     

石墨炉原子吸收分光法测定土壤和沉积物中镉的方法验证研究

采用盐酸—硝酸—氢氟酸—高氯酸全消解的方法对土壤和沉积物样品进行消解,利用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度计测定样品中的镉含量。通过建立标准曲线、测定检出限、测定实际样品及方法准确度和精密度等方式,验证和探讨了运用石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法（GB/T 17141—1997）检测土壤中镉的效果。实验结果表明：各项技术指标的质量控制结果均符合GB/T17141—1997相关规定要求,监测数据科学准确,可广泛用于土壤和沉积物中镉的检测。     

Fe3+对紫球藻生长及蛋白质和β-胡萝卜素含量的影响

为了考察Fe3+对紫球藻的生长及对可溶性蛋白和β-胡萝卜素合成的影响,分别在不同浓度的Fe3+下培养紫球藻.实验测定了紫球藻细胞的生长曲线,采用超声波破碎法破碎紫球藻细胞提取可溶性蛋白,考马斯亮蓝法测定可溶性蛋白含量,丙酮溶解提取β-胡萝卜素,分光光度计测定吸光值求β-胡萝卜素含量.实验结果表明,5×10-5mol/L的Fe3+对紫球藻的生长及可溶性蛋白的积累有较大作用,5×10-4mol/L的Fe3+对β-胡萝卜素的积累有较大作用.     

干旱胁迫下壳聚糖对大豆幼苗保护酶的影响

在干旱胁迫下,用不同浓度的壳聚糖溶液处理大豆幼苗,连续处理5天后采用分光光度计法测定过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)等大豆保护酶以及大豆游离蛋白含量的变化。结果显示,用壳聚糖处理的大豆幼苗保护酶活性明显比不用壳聚糖处理的大豆幼苗的酶活性高。随着干旱程度的加强,保护酶活性总体呈现下降趋势。各实验组大豆幼苗SOD、POD、CAT及活性均高于对照组,说明外源壳聚糖使得大豆幼苗的保护酶活性得到了提高,使大豆具有了更强的抗逆性。     

便携式水质采样器的研制与应用

本文阐述了一种新型便携式水质采样器（实用新型专利ZL20082004001．9）的研制过程。介绍了采样器的工作原理、结构组成、技术特点,分析了其适用性。该采样器的主要优点是便携性好,使用方便,采样定位准确,所采水样均匀性好,并有效解决了低水位排污口的采样难题。     

Environmental Monitoring and Audit in Hong Kong

This paper provides an overview of H ong Kong's approach to the environmental monitoring and audit of the construction and operation of major development projects as a continuation of the Environmental Impact Assessment process. The paper examines the development of systems and guidelines for the engineer who is responsible for implementing a project, in terms of environmental monitoring and audit protocols set out in a manual, and in terms of monthly and quarterly reporting. In addition, systems have been developed to manage cumulative effects arising from multiple projects in one area which are undertaken by different agents. The paper concludes with a number of key lessons learned, pointing out what environmental monitoring and audit teams need to do to be successful, and what needs to be done to enhance the effectiveness of environmental monitoring and audit protocols.     

Monitoring in adaptive co-management: Toward a learning based approach

The recognition of complexity and uncertainty in natural resource management has lead to the development of a wealth of conceptual frameworks aimed at integrated assessment and complex systems monitoring. Relatively less attention has however been given to methodological approaches that might facilitate learning as part of the monitoring process. This paper reviews the monitoring literature relevant to adaptive co-management, with a focus on the synergies between existing monitoring frameworks, collaborative monitoring approaches and social learning. The paper discusses the role of monitoring in environmental management in general, and the challenges posed by scale and complexity when monitoring in adaptive co-management. Existing conceptual frameworks for monitoring relevant to adaptive co-management are reviewed, as are lessons from experiences with collaborative monitoring. The paper concludes by offering a methodological approach to monitoring that actively seeks to engender reflexive learning as a means to deal with uncertainty in natural resource management.     

中国挥发性有机物污染防治政策及对监测技术的管理需求

本文通过梳理现行的挥发性有机物污染防治政策法规和方法标准,结合国外经验,提出了现阶段挥发性有机物污染防治政策体系。尽管起步较晚,但陆续实施的挥发性有机物排污收费和总量控制机制,已经对污染物监测提出了明确的管理需求。虽然离线检测技术具有良好的灵敏度和响应度,但使用FID和NDIR法的在线和便携仪器响应时间短、数据连续,可以实现对挥发性有机物污染的实时追踪,更好地满足污染预警、应急执法等环境管理新需求。     

水体中氟乐灵的生物毒性和去除研究进展

作为一种在全球范围内广泛使用的二硝基苯胺类除草剂,氟乐灵对环境和人体健康的潜在危害越来越受到人们的关注.本文首次总结了水体中氟乐灵的来源、生物毒性、毒性机理以及饮用水处理中去除氟乐灵的物理、化学和生物方法.传统单独的加氯消毒、生物膜工艺等通常难以高效去除水体中的氟乐灵,而以紫外线和臭氧为基础的高级氧化技术（AOPs）由于能产生具有强氧化能力的羟基自由基而对水体中痕量氟乐灵有较好的去除效果.最后在此基础上,对今后的研究方向进行了展望,提出改进饮用水中微量氟乐灵的毒性检测和去除工艺亟待解决的问题.     

红外光度法测定石油类和动植物油常见问题探讨

根据石油类在波数为2930cm-1、2960 cm-1、3030 cm-1全部或部分谱带处有物征吸收的原理,采用红外光度测油仪和水样絮凝富集技术测定石油类、动植物油。     

Measuring neighbourhood air pollution: the case of Seattle's international district

Current US regulatory air quality monitoring networks measure ambient levels of pollutants and cannot capture the effects of mobile sources at the micro-scale. Despite the fact that overall air quality has been getting better, more vulnerable populations (children, the elderly, minorities and the poor) continue to suffer from traffic-related air pollution. As development intensifies in urban areas, more people are exposed to road-related air pollution. However, the only consideration given to air quality, if any, is based on ambient measures. This paper uses an inexpensive, portable Particle Soot Absorption Photometer (PSAP) to measure Black Carbon (BC) emissions, a surrogate for diesel fuels emissions, in Seattle's International District. With the aid of a GPS receiver, street-level BC data were geocoded in real space-time. It was found that pollution levels differed substantially across the study area. The results show the need for street-level air pollution monitoring, revisions in current land use and transportation policies, and air quality planning practice.     

声环境质量常规监测全程质量控制

鉴于各级环境监测部门关于声环境质量常规监测中所遇有碍监测质量的各种问题,按照总站《环境噪声监测技术路线》所提"研究探讨噪声监测质量保证技术"的要求,就常规监测的质量控制方面进行探讨,提出了声环境质量常规监测事前、事中、事后全过程质控,并就质控细节和难点进行阐述和讨论。     

石油石化企业泄漏检测技术现状及前景

石油石化站场设备繁多,挥发性介质泄漏易造成安全事故。目前站场点式、线式等固定式检测设备存在泄漏检测反应滞后、泄漏点定位困难等缺点,便携式检测设备人工巡检工作量大。文章对可调谐二极管激光吸收光谱技术、红外热成像技术、红外多光谱技术和红外高光谱技术进行了分析,提出红外成像检测技术在泄漏检测方面优势明显,具有视频成像、反应迅速、定位准确、连续监控等优点,有望在石油石化行业普及。