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应用密闭箱法首次测定了南极法尔兹半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤CH4 排放通量 ,并估算了该半岛植被土壤在夏季 2个月内CH4 的排放总量 .结果表明 :在晴好天气条件下 ,苔藓土壤CH4 排放通量可能呈现双峰型变化特征 ;而在雨、雪等复杂多变的天气条件下 ,CH4 通量变化无规则 ,存在较大的时空变化 ,且与温度的响应关系不明显 ;苔藓土壤CH4 通量夏季变化的主要影响因子是温度 ,同时还受降水的影响 .苔藓土壤吸收CH4 总量为 0 6 6 5 3× 10 2 kg ;地衣土壤吸收CH4 总量为 0 76 0 3×10 2 kg .由此可见 ,该半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤起着大气CH4 汇的作用 相似文献
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南极菲尔德斯半岛植被土壤N2O排放特征 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
应用密闭箱法首次测定了南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2O的排放通量,并估算了该半岛植被区土壤在夏季2个月内N2O的排放总量.结果表明:在晴天和雨天,苔藓土壤N2O的排放通量与温度有较好的响应关系,呈现单峰型变化趋势;但在雪天,与温度的变化不一致;苔藓、地衣这2种不同的植被土壤N2O排放通量日变化基本一致;温度是影响苔藓土壤N2O的排放通量季节变化的主要因子,同时还受降水的影响,干湿交替有利于N2O的排放;苔藓土壤N2O的排放总量为3.7152kg;地衣土壤N2O的排放总量为2.5344kg.由此可见,南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2O排放量虽然很小,但仍起着大气N2O源的作用. 相似文献
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应用密闭箱法首次测定了南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2 O的排放通量 ,并估算了该半岛植被区土壤在夏季 2个月内N2 O的排放总量 .结果表明 :在晴天和雨天 ,苔藓土壤N2 O的排放通量与温度有较好的响应关系 ,呈现单峰型变化趋势 ;但在雪天 ,与温度的变化不一致 ;苔藓、地衣这 2种不同的植被土壤N2 O排放通量日变化基本一致 ;温度是影响苔藓土壤N2 O的排放通量季节变化的主要因子 ,同时还受降水的影响 ,干湿交替有利于N2 O的排放 ;苔藓土壤N2 O的排放总量为 3 .71 52kg ;地衣土壤N2 O的排放总量为 2 .53 4 4kg .由此可见 ,南极菲尔德斯半岛苔藓、地衣植被土壤N2 O排放量虽然很小 ,但仍起着大气N2 O源的作用 相似文献
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稻田CO2、CH4和N2O排放及其影响因素 总被引:71,自引:5,他引:71
采用静态箱(暗箱)-气相色谱法对稻田CO2、CH4和N2O排放进行田间原位测量.植株参与的稻田CO2排放季节变化与温度的季节变化一致,气温(土温)是主要驱动因子;而土壤水分状况是稻田CH4、N2O排放和无植株参与的稻田CO2排放季节变化的主要驱动因子.稻田非淹水期N2O和CO2排放与土温、气温呈极显著指数正相关(p<0.001),两气体之间亦呈极显著线性正相关关系(p<0.001).水稻植株自养呼吸和土壤呼吸的温度系数(Q10)分别为2.17和1.68.稻田CO2排放与水层深度呈弱的负相关关系(p<0.05).无植株参与的稻田CO2、CH4和N2O季节平均排放速率分别为198.35±34.00mg/(m2·h),0.63±0.29mg/(m2·h)和169.57±75.30μg/(m2·h),而在植株参与下3者季节平均排放速率分别为1133.51±51.16 mg/(m2·h),1.39±0.20mg/(m2·h)和231.48±35.09μg/(m2·h).碳收支模拟计算结果表明,稻田生态系统表现为对大气中碳的净吸收. 相似文献
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稻田是一个既排放CH4又吸收CO2的复杂生态系统,在全球水碳循环和碳收支中发挥着重要作用.利用涡度相关法得到2020年鄱阳湖平原双季直播稻田的CH4和CO2通量,定量揭示了稻田碳通量变化特征、累积量和2种温室气体的综合温室效应.结果表明,双季直播稻田为CH4排放源,全生育期排放量为52.6 g·m-2,日均排放0.208 g·(m2·d)-1. CH4通量具有明显的季节变化特征,强排放期(排放峰)集中在早稻生长中期和晚稻生长前期,早稻85.5%和晚稻92.1%的CH4在强排放期被释放,日尺度峰值分别为0.638 g·(m2·d)-1和1.282 g·(m2·d)-1.CH4通量日变化呈显著单峰型、不显著单峰型和无规律型,强排放期主要为单峰型,该型式下早稻季峰值0... 相似文献
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选择小兴安岭山区毛赤杨(Alnus sibirica)沼泽为研究对象,利用静态暗箱-气相色谱法,研究两个生长季内(2007年和2008年)沼泽湿地在自然状态下CH4、N2O排放通量的变化规律及其主要影响因素,以及在不同采伐干扰(皆伐、45%择伐)方式下,CH4和N2O排放通量的变化过程.结果表明,2007年CH4和N2O平均排放通量分别为1.03 mg·m-2·h-1和58.56μg·m-2·h-1,2008年分别为20.57 mg·m-2·h-1和17.41 μg·m-2·h-1; CH4排放高峰期均发生在夏、秋两季,N2O排放规律不明显.皆伐沼泽和45%择伐沼泽CH4平均排放量分别为597.06、237.05 μg·m-2·h-1,N2O平均排放量分别为35.84、114.51μg·m-2·h-1;与天然沼泽相比,CH4排放量明显下降,N2O排放通量明显升高.水位是CH4排放的主要影响因子,但当水位达到一定高度时不再成为限制因子,土壤温度与CH4排放相关性显著,相对较低水位与相对较高土壤温度有利于N2O排放;积水水位是影响沼泽不同年份CH4和N2O通量排放差异的主要影响因子,采伐引起的土壤温度和水位的变化是干扰地与对照地CH4和N2O排放产生差异的主要原因. 相似文献
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闽江河口芦苇潮汐湿地甲烷通量及主要影响因子 总被引:19,自引:3,他引:16
2007年利用静态箱-气相色谱仪法对闽江河口区最大的鳝鱼滩芦苇湿地和入侵种互花米草斑块涨潮前、涨落潮过程及落潮后甲烷通量季节动态进行了原位测定,并利用室内培养-气相色谱仪法测定了芦苇湿地不同土层土壤甲烷产生潜力.结果表明,鳝鱼滩芦苇湿地全年均属于大气甲烷的排放源,排放通量具有明显的季节变化;涨潮前、涨落潮过程和落潮后甲烷通量大小并无一致的规律,平均排放通量分别为5.13、5.06和4.74 mg·m-2·h-1,差异不显著,其中涨落潮过程排放到潮水和大气环境的甲烷通量分别为2.98和2.08 mg·m-2·h-1.互花米草入侵斑块年均甲烷排放通量(11.02mg·m-2·h-1)明显高于芦苇湿地年均甲烷排放通量(4.98mg·m-2·h-1),互花米草入侵明显增加了闽江河口区湿地的甲烷排放通量.芦苇湿地0~40 cm土壤中甲烷产生潜力范围为0.029~0.123μg·g-1·d-1,0~5 cm土层的甲烷产生潜力最大,且与其它土层差异显著(P<0.05).气温、土壤温度和地上生物量对芦苇湿地甲烷排放影响显著(P<0.05),落潮后芦苇湿地甲烷排放通量与盐度有负相关关系. 相似文献
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CH4 emission and conversion from A2O and SBR processes in full-scale wastewater treatment plants 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Wastewater treatment systems are important anthropogenic sources of CH4emission. A full-scale experiment was carried out to monitor the CH4 emission from anoxic/anaerobic/oxic process(A2O) and sequencing batch reactor(SBR) wastewater treatment plants(WWTPs) for one year from May 2011 to April 2012. The main emission unit of the A2O process was an oxic tank, accounting for 76.2% of CH4emissions; the main emission unit of the SBR process was the feeding and aeration phase, accounting for 99.5% of CH4emissions. CH4can be produced in the anaerobic condition, such as in the primary settling tank and anaerobic tank of the A2O process. While CH4can be consumed in anoxic denitrification or the aeration condition, such as in the anoxic tank and oxic tank of the A2O process and the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4emission flux and the dissolved CH4concentration rapidly decreased in the oxic tank of the A2O process. These metrics increased during the first half of the phase and then decreased during the latter half of the phase in the feeding and aeration phase of the SBR process. The CH4oxidation rate ranged from 32.47% to 89.52%(mean: 67.96%) in the A2O process and from 12.65% to 88.31%(mean: 47.62%) in the SBR process. The mean CH4 emission factors were 0.182 g/ton of wastewater and 24.75 g CH4 /(person·year) for the A2O process, and 0.457 g/ton of wastewater and 36.55 g CH4 /(person·year) for the SBR process. 相似文献
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Effect of phosphogypsum and dicyandiamide as additives on NH3, N2O and CH4 emissions during composting 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Yiming Luo Guoxue Li Wenhai Luo Frank Schuchardt Tao Jiang Degang Xu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2013,25(7):1338-1345
A laboratory scale experiment of composting in a forced aeration system using pig manure with cornstalks was carried out to investigate the effects of both phosphogypsum and dicyandiamide (DCD, C2H4N4) as additives on gaseous emissions and compost quality. Besides a control, there were three amended treatments with different amounts of additives. The results indicated that the phosphogypsum addition at the rate of 10% of mixture dry weight decreased NH3 and CH4 emissions significantly during composting. The addition of DCD at the rate of 0.2% of mixture dry weight together with 10% of phosphogypsum further reduced the N2O emission by affecting the nitrification process. Reducing the phosphogypsum addition to 5% in the presence of 0.2% DCD moderately increased the NH3 emissions but not N2O emission. The additives increased the ammonium content and electrical conductivity significantly in the final compost. No adverse effect on organic matter degradation or the germination index of the compost was found in the amended treatments. It was recommended that phosphogypsum and DCD could be used in composting for the purpose of reducing NH3, CH4 and N2O emissions. Optimal conditions and dose of DCD additive during composting should be determined with different materials and composting systems in further study. 相似文献