发展循环经济 促进节能减排

天津鞍钢天铁冷轧薄板有限公司（以下简称“鞍钢天铁公司”）位于天津滨海新区空港加工区二期,占地面积103万平方米,拥有员T757人。公司冷轧薄板工程项目是天津市第一批二十项重大工业项目之一。一期工程投资38亿元,建设规模为年产150万吨冷轧板、30万吨镀锌板及其公辅配套设施,整条生产线采用国际先进的生产技术及工艺装备,产品定位为汽车板、高档家电板、高档建筑板。一期工程酸轧机组已于2008年5月正式投产,连续热镀锌机组于2009年6月建成投产。     

工艺参数对镀锌钢板成形性能影响的试验研究

充分发挥计算机数值模拟试验与物理试验相结合的研究方法的优点 ,针对影响汽车用热镀锌钢板拉深成形性能的主要工艺参数 (凹、凸模圆角半径、压边力、摩擦系数 )进行正交试验 ,得出该 4种工艺参数对汽车用热镀锌钢板成形性能影响的显著性指标 ,并对该种板料拉深成形工艺组合进行了优化     

平整液废水生化处理试验研究

平整液废水是冷轧废水处理的难点,试验选取了3个平整合油废水排放点进行水样可生化性分析。结果表明：1#热镀锌平整合油地坑废水可生化性较差,B／C=0．11。采用MBR生化反应模拟装置以1#热镀锌平整合油地坑废水为进水进行平整液废水生化处理试验,考虑此类废水生化处理可行性。结果表明MBR工艺对此类废水处理效果较好,反应器内污泥经过一段时间的驯化培养后,生物量的水平较高,污泥的凝聚性能较好,菌胶团密实,废水CODcr、BOD5和SS的去除率分别为87．6％、92％和89．8％。     

热镀锌行业清洁生产分析

我国是当今世界钢结构件热镀锌生产大国,热镀锌生产资源消耗大、污染严重,实施清洁生产是我国热镀锌行业可持续发展的唯一出路,以迁安光镀金属制品有限责任公司高效、环保Galfan镀层钢丝及结构件项目为例,从产业政策、生产工艺、资源利用、污染物排放、环境管理等几方面进行热镀锌清洁生产分析。     

厦门某客车制造厂的“三废”处理案例分析

随着经济的发展,我国对环境保护的力度日益加强。传统客车制造业在不断扩大生产规模的同时,逐步改进生产工艺、完善污染物防治措施。文章着重分析厦门某客车制造厂对废气、废水、废渣的治理措施和治理效果。旨在为汽车制造业技术改进、环境管理提供决策参考信息。     

四川某汽车制造公司扩建工程对水环境的影响及防治措施

以四川某汽车制造公司的改扩建工程为例,分析了汽车制造工程对水环境带来的影响。结果显示:项目建成后废水排放量(含生产废水和生活污水)为730.6m3/d,新增废水排放对附近地表水环境不会造成明显影响;在采取相应的污染预防措施的基础上,项目不会对地下水环境造成明显影响。对废水的环保措施主要有:雨污分流、清污分流、工艺产水回用、分类处理。地下水保护及防渗措施:对厂内排水系统和废水处理站池体及排放管道,各生产车间的产水源点,原料贮槽(罐)、溶液中转容器、收集槽及贮槽、产水收集槽(池),地坪均做防渗处理。     

辽宁衡业汽车新材股份有限公司

辽宁衡业汽车新材股份有限公司于2001年组建，是集轧钢、汽车零部件加工、通用零部件生产为一体的有限责任公司，是国内汽车车轮用型钢生产基地，国内市场占有率达50％。公司产品为汽车用轮辋型钢、挡圈型钢、轮辐板等。其中主导产品汽车用轮辋型钢、挡圈型钢被广泛用于各类客、货载重车上，产品质量达到国际先进水平，行销一汽、二汽、重汽等全国26个省市的80多家用户。     

含钒石煤生产五氧化二钒污染治理

介绍用含钒石煤生产五氧化二钒的原理和低污染生产工艺。论述了五氧化二钒生产中废水、废气、废渣、噪声的产生及其废水、废气、噪声的治理方法与效果。并介绍了废渣的处置与综合利用技术及五氧化二钒生产可能带来的放射性影响及防护措施。     

某制革企业污染控制与环境管理中若干问题研究

通过对数家制革企业开展调查分析,探讨了制革企业在含铬、含硫废水分流处理和各生产环节臭气防治方面存在的若干技术与管理问题.首先,含铬废水和含硫废水收集与管理不规范统一致使后续废水预处理及生化处理受到影响;部分企业忽略了原皮存放及转运、皮革水场加工车间、污水处理设施等臭气产生环节的细节控制.最后提出针对性的对策与措施建议,包括统一规范含铬废水和含硫废水的收集与预处理范围,加强原皮仓库、水场和污水处理系统的恶臭全过程控制.     

规模化养猪场的废水污染及综合治理措施

介绍了规模化养猪场的废水来源,废水产生量及污染物浓度.分别对养猪场废物综合利用的栽体、废水治理设施工艺设计方案等内容进行了分析.针对规模化养猪场废水对环境的污染及危害,提出了有效可行的养猪场废水综合治理措施,其中包括养猪场废水在冬季和夏季采取不同的治理措施.     

Toxic effects of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination on nifH gene in soil

Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity （both in gene richness and diversity index values） and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor （50 mg/kg） recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos （150 mg/kg） caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos （250 mg/kg） produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes （bands） responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals： four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera.     

Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize （Zea mays L.） grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus

The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility.     

Degradation of metabolites accumulated of benzo[a]pyrene by coupling Penicillium Chrysogenum with KMnO4

Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene （BaP） formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone （BP 1,6- quinone）, trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene （BP 7,8-diol）, 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene （3-OHBP）, were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that （1） the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; （2） the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; （3） the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% （w/v）, concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes

In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato （Solanum tuberosum） and brinjal （Solanum melongena）, for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation.     

Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil

The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application.     

Intraspecific differences in effects of co-contamination of cadmium and

A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p ＜ 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils.     

Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture

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Single and joint effects of pesticides and mercury on soil urease

The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury （Hg） on urease activity in 4 soils （meadow burozem and phaeozem） was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase （up to 13%-21%） in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship （P〈0.05） between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose （ED50） values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations.     

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 3-chlorobenzoate degrading bacteria

A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several （halo）aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no （chloro）catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway.