Achievement motive and entrepreneurial orientation: a structural analysis

In this study we have attempted to assess the achievement motive of students of small business, considered as having high entrepreneurial orientations, and students of business and economics, considered as having lower entrepreneurial orientations. Based on a facet definition of achievement motive we analyzed the structure of achievement motive for both samples. As hypothesized, results reflected the three facets of achievement motive: type of confrontation, time perspective related to task performance, and behavior modality. As hypothesized, small business students were found to score higher than their business and economics colleagues on most of the achievement items. Considerable differences between the samples were found on four achievement components: the readiness to face uncertainty, calculating risk, undertaking personal responsibility, and solving problems. The discussion focused on the advantages of the multifaceted approach to achievement motive and implications for assessing it in various settings. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Road safety: A perspective and a new strategy

The theoretical understanding of road safety has improved in eight respects: recognizing that there can be no cure, abandoning the language of cause and blame, understanding that we need to go beyond crashes to address their consequences, admitting the importance of exposure, taking into account statistical pitfalls and trends, rejecting arguments based on what stands to reason, attempting project evaluation, and, finally, admitting that cost, not carnage, is the issue. A program is proposed with six components: reorganization of road safety under an independent public health agency, planning for the long range, disengagement of road safety from public concern and public relations, commitment to full truthful disclosure to the public and political leaders, reorganization of professional education and public information, and formulation of a coherent modern research program.     

Intrinsic road safety: A new approach?

In 1991 the Dutch Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management concluded that its policy regarding road-safety should be sharpened in order that its goal set for road-safety in the year 2010 would be achieved (i.e. 50% reduction of dead and 40% reduction of wounded persons in comparison with 1986). This new policy is being called “Intrinsic Safety”.The important elements of this course of action are:

• - A greater degree of control of structural developments.

• - Increased action to prevent accidents rather than that which reduces the severity of the consequences of accidents.

• - Greater attention for an integral approach of traffic safety, through influencing all kinds of decision makers outside the realm of traffic safety.

• - Not viewing and treating the human aspects, the roads and the vehicles in isolation, but primarily focusing attention on the interaction between these components.

At the moment the Ministry has inaugurated some actions which will be a more specific elaboration of “Intrinsic Safety”.In this paper we will try to analyze whether this new policy is a totally new concept rather than an intensification of the old course of action. Furthermore we will discuss a few problems which may occur when the “Intrinsic Safety” approach will be elaborated in the near future. For example:

• - How do we make sure that chosen measures (e.g. decisions concerning the infrastructure) will be the most effectual ones in relation with safety?

• - Is the organisation at this moment sufficiently fit to work on an “intrinsically safe traffic system” or is it inappropriate? (e.g., presently there is an increasing tendency of decisions being made by regional departments rather than by central government)

• - Are we in the possession of sufficient knowledge concerning the interactions between the several goals of traffic policy so that actions taken in relation with one goal (e.g. reducing air pollution) will not have a negative effect on traffic safety?

     

Religion and attitudes toward work: A new look at an old question

This study examined the relationship of specific religions and degree of religious beliefs to various job-related attitudes and values such as motivational needs, job satisfaction, work ethic, and work, job and organizational commitment. Subjects were 222(107 male, 115 female) managerial and non-managerial workers in the Rocky Mountain area. Results showed no significant correlations between work-related altitudes and specific religious affiliation or degree of religious conviction. However, religious conviction was significantly finked to organizational rank, with non-managerial employees reporting a higher degree of religious conviction than managerial employees. Protestant workers scored higher in Protestant Work Ethic than did non-Protestants and persons with no religious affiliation had higher need for Power than Protestants, Catholics or affiliates of Eastern religions.     

螺杆泵井工况控制仪的研制与矿场应用

螺杆泵工况自动控制仪能够实时监测液面,调整螺杆泵转数,使螺杆泵在设定的动液面合理区间运行,经现场试验、不断改进,在优化螺杆泵井工况上发挥了较好的作用。在试验过程中,技术人员进行了产量和电流等动态数据的对比和分析,确定了单井最佳合理沉没度,使螺杆泵井在最高产量和最节能的状态下工作。     

在线安全检测在转炉煤气柜中的设计和应用

本文主要介绍了安钢焦化厂10万立方米转炉煤气柜的现场检测仪表,通过PLC控制系统实现在线监测和安全联锁控制,保障转炉煤气的安全回收和利用。10万立方米煤气柜采用了干式威金斯橡煤气柜,由于转炉煤气是一种有毒、有害、易燃、易爆、极易中毒的危险性气体,因此保证转炉煤气柜的安全生产尤为重要,因此在仪表安全检测设计上主要分为以下几部分：柜前后含氧量分析、柜位活塞平衡、柜位测量、柜内CO检测等几方面实现,针对投产一年多仪表在生产运行中出现的问题经过多次方案研究、仪表改造,目前所用的各种检测仪表和阀门调节、联锁控制准确可靠,基本上无需人工干预,自动化安全程度达到国内先进水平,实现了预期目的和效果。     

仪表控制与空气分离生产安全的探讨

在传统生产中,人们往往忽略仪器对安全的作用,简述仪器在空气分离生产中的应用及作用.     

Careers as repositories of knowledge: A new perspective on boundaryless careers

This paper argues for a reconceptualization of careers as repositories of knowledge. Careers are visualized as accumulation of information and knowledge rather than simply progressions of work experiences. This definition is considered in light of theories which characterize organizations as knowledge creators. The paper then applies this perspective to the emerging phenomenon of boundaryless careers and concludes that a knowledge perspective provides significant insight into the implications of such careers for individuals and organizations.     

Human and organisational factors in the operational phase of safety instrumented systems: A new approach

The international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511, which provide a general framework for the design and implementation of safety instrumented systems, require quantification of the achieved risk reduction, expressed as a safety integrity level (SIL). Human and organisational factors affect the performance of safety instrumented systems during operation and may threaten the achieved SIL, but this is usually not explicitly accounted for. This article presents a new approach to address human and organisational factors in the operational phase of safety instrumented systems. This approach gives a prediction of the operational SIL and can also be used to improve safety. It shows which human and organisational factors are most in need of improvement and it provides guidance for preventive or corrective action. Finally, the approach can be used as part of a SIL monitoring strategy in order to maintain the achieved SIL at the required level during the operational phase.     

一种快速检测甲胺磷的方法

由于农药的不合理利用以及对检测速度的要求,本文应用水溶性碳化二亚胺(EDC)法将甲胺磷与BSA连接,合成了免疫抗原,经紫外扫描确定免疫抗原连接成功.用合成的免疫抗原免疫实验用大白兔,制备了甲胺磷的多克隆抗血清,效价达到1:1000000以上.经盲样检验,抗体灵敏性和特异性较好;在检测样品时最低检测极限为0.5 ng/g,达到国际同类检测试剂盒的水平;且可以在1.5 h内检测100多个样品.     

A new approach to measuring work-related well-being

The main aim of this study was to develop a short questionnaire to assess work-related well-being from the organizational behaviour perspective. The short well-being questionnaire enables measuring longitudinal work-related well-being. Work-related well-being was assessed with a 147-item questionnaire covering both organizational and intrinsic factors of work-related well-being. The questionnaire consisted of 27 categories. The respondents were 114 women (65%) and 62 men (35%), mean age 39.2 years, in various occupations. From the extensive questionnaire a shorter questionnaire with 33 items was developed by principal component analysis. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure to test the sampling adequacy of 27 factor solutions varied from .62 to .91 and Cronbach?s α was .74-.94. Most κ values of the shorter questionnaire were .50-.94 (p < .001). The reliability of the short version was comparable to that of the original questionnaire. The short one could also be suitable for Internet and mobile questionnaire applications.     

A new approach to road accident rescue

Objective: This article develops and validates a new methodology and tool for rescue assistance in traffic accidents, with the aim of improving its efficiency and safety in the evacuation of people, reducing the number of victims in road accidents.

Method: Different tests supported by professionals and experts have been designed under different circumstances and with different categories of damaged vehicles coming from real accidents and simulated trapped victims in order to calibrate and refine the proposed methodology and tool.

Results: To validate this new approach, a tool called App_Rescue has been developed. This tool is based on the use of a computer system that allows an efficient access to the technical information of the vehicle and sanitary information of the common passengers. The time spent during rescue using the standard protocol and the proposed method was compared.

Conclusion: This rescue assistance system allows us to make vital information accessible in posttrauma care services, improving the effectiveness of interventions by the emergency services, reducing the rescue time and therefore minimizing the consequences involved and the number of victims. This could often mean saving lives. In the different simulated rescue operations, the rescue time has been reduced an average of 14%.     

一种新型油管吊卡的研制与应用

介绍了新型吊卡销的结构和原理与安全性,剖析了可更换小月牙式油管吊卡的经济效益和推广应用前景。     

A new THOR shoulder design: a comparison with volunteers, the Hybrid III, and THOR NT

OBJECTIVE: Since the shoulders are rarely seriously injured in frontal or oblique collisions, they have been given low priority in the development of frontal impact crash test dummies. The shoulder complex geometry and its kinematics are of vital importance for the overall dummy kinematics. The shoulder complex also influences the risk of the safety belt slipping off the shoulder in oblique forward collisions. The first aim of this study was to develop a new 50th percentile male THOR shoulder design, while the second was to compare the new shoulder, mounted on a THOR NT dummy, with volunteer, THOR NT, and Hybrid III range of motion and stiffness data. The third aim was to test the repeatability of the new shoulder during dynamic testing and to see how the design behaves with respect to belt slippage in a 45 degrees far-side collision. METHODS: The new 50th percentile THOR shoulder design was developed with the aid of a shell model of the seated University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute (UMTRI) 50th percentile male with coordinates for joints and bony landmarks (Schneider et al., 1983). The new shoulder design has human-like bony landmarks for the acromion and coracoid processes. The clavicle curvature and length are also made similar to that of a male human, as is the range of motion in the anterior-posterior, superior-inferior, and medial-lateral directions. The new shoulder design was manufactured and tested under the same conditions that T?rnvall et al. (2005b) used to compare the shoulder range of motion for the volunteers, Hybrid III, and THOR Alpha. The new design was also tested in two dynamic test configurations: the first was a 0 degrees full-frontal test and the second was a 45 degrees far-side test. The dummy tests were conducted with an R-16 seat with a three-point belt, the Delta V was 27.0+/-0.5 km/h and the maximum peak acceleration was approximately 14.6+/-0.5 g for each test. RESULTS: A new shoulder design with geometry close to that of humans was developed to be retrofitted to the THOR NT dummy. The results showed that the range of motion for the new shoulder complex during static loading was larger by at least a factor of three, for the maximum load (200 N/arm), than that of either the Hybrid III or the THOR NT; this means it was more similar to the volunteers' range of motion. It was observed that the THOR NT with the new shoulder did not slide out of the shoulder belt during a far-side collision. The performance of the new shoulder was reasonably repeatable and stable during both the static tests and the sled tests. CONCLUSION: A new shoulder for the THOR NT has been designed and developed, and data from static range of motion tests and sled tests indicate that the new shoulder complex has the potential to function in a more human-like manner on the THOR dummy.     

救生衣及浮体材料的浮力测试方法和专用检测仪器

1前言救生衣作为水上作业劳动防护服装和紧急救生装备,具有极其广泛的应用范围,是水上运输业、渔业、海上石油天然气开采等众多行业的从业者必需的劳动防护用品;是军队、武警、公安干警、海关缉私等特殊群体人员执行勤务时的救生装备;也是水上娱乐、水上运动所必需的安全保障装备。无论是船用救生衣、民用救生漂浮装置还是军用救生衣,最基本的性能要求是能够提供足够大、足够持久的浮力,以避免人员溺水,赢得足够的施救时间。救生衣的浮力主要取决于所采用的浮体材料的浮力;救生衣的浮力保持性取决于浮体材料的浮力保持性,也取决于救生衣的结…     

首钢重大危险源管理方法及应急预案的实施

从钢铁冶炼发展起来的首钢集团,改革开放20多年来已经发展成为机械、电子、建筑、房地产、服务业、海外贸易等多种行业,跨地区、跨所有制、跨国经营的大型企业集团。在首钢经营生产飞速发展的过程中,首钢各级领导对安全生产给予了高度重视,特别是结合冶金行业高温、高压设备密集,动力管线错综复杂,易燃、易爆物质分布广、使用多的特点,根据《重大危险源管理办法》     

3-Parameters SPW technique: A new method for evaluation of target safety integrity level

Introduced by IEC-61508 standard, safety integrity levels (SIL) have been used for assessing the reliability of safety instrumented functions (SIF) for protection of the system under control in abnormal conditions. Different qualitative, semi-qualitative and quantitative methods have been proposed by the standard for establishing target safety integrity levels amongst which “Risk Graph” has gained wide attention due to its simplicity and easy-to-apply characteristics. However, this method is subject to many deficiencies that have forced industry men and experts to modify it to fit their demands. In this paper, a new modification to risk graph parameters has been proposed that adds more flexibility to them and reduces their subjective uncertainties but keeps the method as simple as before. Three parameters, namely severity (S), hazard avoidance probability (P), and demand rate (W) are used instead of former four parameters. Hence, the method is named SPW. The outcome results of this method can be directly converted to probability of failure on demand (PFD) or risk reduction factor (RRF). The proposed method has been tested on an example case that has been studied before with conventional risk graph and LOPA techniques. The results show that new method agrees well with LOPA and reduces costs imposed by conservative approximations assumed during application of conventional risk graph.     

Dynamic Procedure for Atypical Scenarios Identification (DyPASI): A new systematic HAZID tool

The availability of a hazard identification methodology based on early warnings is a crucial factor in the identification of emerging risks. In the present study, a specific method named Dynamic Procedure for Atypical Scenarios Identification (DyPASI) was conceived as a development of bow-tie identification techniques. The main aim of the methodology is to provide a comprehensive hazard identification of the industrial process analysed, joined to a process of continuous improvement of the results of the assessment. DyPASI is a method for the continuous systematization of information from early signals of risk related to past events. The technique provides a support to the identification and assessment of atypical potential accident scenarios related to the substances, the equipment and the site considered, capturing available early warnings or risk notions. DyPASI features as a tool to support emerging risk management process, having the potentiality to contribute to an integrated approach aimed at breaking “vicious circles”, helping to trigger a gradual process of identification and assimilation of previously unrecognised atypical scenarios.