Third party roles played by Turkish managers in subordinates' conflicts

This study investigated the third party roles of Turkish managers and how these roles were related to the conflict management styles used by their subordinates. Questionnaire data were collected from 295 Turkish managers in seven firms. Mediation and facilitation were found to be the third party roles reported more frequently than autocratic intervention and laissez-faire. Subordinates reported increased use of collaboration and compromise toward the other party when their managers, in a third party role, were seen as using more mediation and facilitation. Competitive behavior increased when the third party was seen as autocratic. The paper discussed the relationship of these findings to cultural characteristics such as uncertainty avoidance and collectivism.     

Who is at fault? Third party and child injuries at construction sites in Turkey

This paper aims to depict the characteristics of the third party and child fatalities on or near the construction sites and to reveal the accident causation, the parties which are at fault and the negligence behind them. Nine hundred and fifty six expert witness reports, which were submitted to criminal and labour courts, were investigated and third party and child fatalities were analyzed according to causation, type of construction and the time at which they occurred. According to the court decisions, parties at fault in the accidents were discussed by revealing the primary negligent acts of the parties. One hundred and twenty two (98 fatalities) of 971 victims were third parties and 69 (58 fatalities) of 122 victims were children (under age 12). All non-employee (50.0%) fatalities and 48.3% of child fatalities were caused by falls from height. After building/structure collapse (18.4% for third parties and 17.2% for children), the figures show that drowning ranks third. Five most hazardous work areas (82.6 of all deaths) were residential/commercial (39 cases, 39.8%), institutional (15 cases, 15.3%), small buildings (12 cases, 12.2%), wells (9 cases, 9.2%) and channels (6 cases, 6.1%). The vast majority of child deaths (79.3%) occurred on these zones. The time interval of 16:00–18:00 was of particular interest, 8 of 10 third party fatalities that occurred between these hours were of children. Additionally, this paper discusses the most hazardous conditions and safety violations along with legislative responsibilities and obligations of employers, employees and third parties. The safety requirements and legal provisions that were stipulated by the Turkish legislation were described and discussed.     

城市地铁安全施工第三方监测的研究与实施

实施城市地铁施工第三方监测是保证施工安全和工程质量十分重要的举措 ,有效地避免了施工过程中可能发生的事故。笔者以深圳地铁一期工程为例 ,详细阐述该工程中实施第三方监测的内容、第三方监测分析管理信息系统的研究和开发 ,包括地铁施工过程中对线路及沿线两侧建筑物倾斜和沉降、道路及各种管线沉降、土体位移、水位变化、桥梁墩台位移、隧道收敛及拱顶下沉等进行及时的监测、分析和信息反馈 ,从地铁工程第三方监测分析管理信息系统的内容、主要功能、系统结构等方面论述该系统的设计及开发。第三方监测及其管理的信息化 ,对全国其他城市的地铁施工安全 ,具有借鉴作用。     

Self‐protective reactions to peer abusive supervision: The moderating role of prevention focus and the mediating role of performance instrumentality

Across 3 studies, we apply a self‐protection perspective of observed mistreatment to examine a moderated mediation model on “when” and “why” third parties are motivated by peer abusive supervision. We hypothesize that prevention‐focused third parties will increase their performance effort as a response to peer abusive supervision, and this effect is mediated by performance instrumentality. In a field study of working adults (Study 1) and an experimental study that manipulated peer abusive supervision (Study 2), we found that peer abusive supervision interacted with third parties' prevention focus to predict their performance effort such that peer abuse was positively related to third parties' performance effort only for those high on prevention focus. Results were replicated in a second field study of working adults (Study 3). Further, we found support for the mediating effect of performance instrumentality. The theoretical and practical implications of our results are discussed.     

基于模糊综合评价的燃气管道第三方破坏失效研究

针对燃气管道第三方破坏事故复杂的特点,基于层次分析和模糊数学的理论,计 算燃气管道第三方破坏风险失效的可能性。全面识别城镇燃气管道第三方破坏事故的危 害因素,构建包含56个基本事件的燃气管道第三方破坏故障树。利用模糊集合隶属函数 ,计算燃气管道发生第三方破坏事故基本事件的模糊概率。利用改进的层次分析法,得 出各专家权重并修正各专家的评估意见,计算管道第三方破坏失效的可能性。以某大型 省会城市燃气管道为例进行验证分析,证明该方法的风险评价结果与实际情况相符,可 为燃气公司安全风险防控提供依据。     

多方博弈下起重作业人员有意不安全行为致因分析

为有效制定起重作业人员有意不安全行为防范措施,降低人为事故发生可能性,结合演化博弈理论,探讨不同策略选择下施工企业内部管理方、监管方及作业方的得益变化,建立各方期望效益函数;依据复制动态方程,构建多方演化博弈模型,分析各方策略选择演化趋势及均衡点,剖析作业人员有意不安全行为致因,并分别从各方角度制定作业人员有意不安全行为预防措施。结果表明:作业人员有意不安全行为不仅与自身风险、成本有关,且受管理方、监管方决策影响;管理方增加安全投入,提升作业人员事故损失承担比例;监管方选择合理监管方式严格监管作业行为;作业人员进行行为决策时权衡风险、成本、收益及各方决策,将有效减少作业人员有意不安全行为的发生。     

地铁乘客火灾应激反应过程模型构建与分析

为提高地铁乘客的火灾应对能力,基于应激反应模型,构建地铁火灾应激反应过程理论模型;收集357份有效问卷数据,采用因子分析和结构方程模型(SEM),探讨个体特性、特定情境、认知评价、社会支持、应对方式和应对结果6个变量及变量各维度之间的相互影响关系.研究结果表明:个体特性可以正向调节心理反应结果,特定情境变量可以反向调节...     

深圳地铁施工影响区环境安全与第三方监测

在讨论如何确保地铁施工影响区环境安全的基础上 ,给出了深圳地铁土建施工第三方监测的概念 ,详细阐述了第三方监测的目的、作用、管理体系、实施内容和工作程序 ,论述了第三方监测与业主、承包商、监理之间的关系。深圳地铁建设的实践表明 ,第三方监测是业主确保地铁施工影响区环境安全的有效管理模式 ,在地铁建设中极有推广价值。     

基于STPA的城市埋地燃气管道第三方破坏风险因素分析

城市埋地燃气管道输送介质易燃易爆、埋设环境人口密集、施工频繁,极易受到来自第三方的破坏,直接威胁人们的生命财产安全,因此对第三方破坏的风险因素分析和防治十分必要。系统理论过程分析法(STPA)是一种基于系统理论的风险分析方法,该方法不同于传统的风险分析方法——将事故视为由初始事件诱发的一系列事件造成的后果,而是对燃气系统从设计、开发和运行过程进行分析,建立系统安全控制结构,通过分析控制缺陷和缺陷致因实现对风险因素的分析。研究分析出24个燃气管道第三方破坏的风险因素,针对风险因素提出了建议,为燃气管道第三方破坏的风险控制提供依据。     

班组长领导方式对矿工安全行为的影响 效用研究—基于调整焦点理论*

围绕班组长领导方式和矿工安全行为的内涵,通过文献分析与因子分析,剖析出班组长领导主要包含领导魅力、鼓励性激励、智力激发、个性化关怀、权变性奖励、积极例外管理和消极例外管理七种方式,矿工安全行为主要包含安全遵守与参与一种方式。以班组长七种领导方式为外在潜变量,矿工安全行为一种方式为内在潜变量,基于调整焦点理论下构建班组长领导方式对矿工安全行为的影响效用模型。运用SPASS17.0和AMOS7.0软件,探析班组长各领导方式对矿工安全行为的作用路径及其影响,从而为煤矿安全管理提出新思路。     

反倾销、反补贴与保障措施之比较分析

近年,全球反倾销与反补贴调查案件逐年下降,而WTO争端解决机构受理的因成员国使用保障措施而引发的争议案件日益上升。近年,中国产品出口迅猛增长的同时,贸易摩擦频发;大量进口的同时也可能使国内某些产业受到损害,引起不良连锁反应。国家经济安全警钟长鸣。笔者对反倾销、反补贴以及保障措施全球实施情况进行数据分析,对《反倾销协议》、《补贴与反补贴措施协议》和《保障措施协议》3种措施从多方面进行了比较并用表格加以简要归纳,进而提出:近年不断增加的保障措施实施案例表明保障措施作为多边贸易体制的“安全阀”将被更多地采用。过去,中国很少采用保障措施,而《入世议定书》的“特保措施”使得他国能够对华采取歧视性的保障措施,因此,充分利用“发展中成员方”的优惠条件,充分了解、学会正确使用保障措施是当务之急。作为进口方,不能将保障措施作为万能膏药随意滥用,应合理使用保障措施、选择合理的保护部门。作为出口方,应提高产品技术含量,关注最新变化,适时改变出口策略,适度控制出口数量,实现出口产品的有序增长,“走出去”进行跨国经营以绕开它国壁垒。     

Justice and job engagement: The role of senior management trust

We examined whether job engagement mediated the effects of organizational justice dimensions on work behaviors and attitudes. Considering distributive and procedural justice from a motivational perspective, we proposed that job engagement would mediate these two dimensions' relations with the work outcomes of task performance, organizational citizenship behavior, and job satisfaction. We also expected this mediation effect would be magnified when senior management trust (SMT) was high. Our results showed that the simple mediation model was supported only for distributive justice. Alternatively, the indirect effect of procedural justice on work outcomes through job engagement was significant only when SMT was high. Implications of our findings and areas for future research are discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Religious harassment in the workplace: An examination of observer intervention

Religious harassment claims in the United States have risen sharply over the past decade. However, victims of religious harassment may not always report harassment, and true rates may be higher. Hence, actions taken by third parties present (observers) are important in combating harassment in the workplace. The purpose of this paper is to extend a previous model of observer intervention and related research by testing it empirically in the context of religious harassment and identify factors that influence observers' decision to intervene (intervention), when they intervene (level of immediacy), and how much they intervene (level of involvement). Across two studies, we find evidence that verbal harassment, ambiguity of intent, relationship to target/harasser, recurrence belief, religious commitment, pro‐social orientation, and the interactive effect of shared religion and religious commitment predict intervention. Furthermore, individuals show higher levels of involvement and immediacy in intervention when costs are low and emotional reactions are high. Implications of these findings for engaging observers in combatting harassment are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

高速铁路发展对隧道衬砌形式的影响

选取不同的隧道衬砌形式,可促使高速列车通过时产生的压力波迅速衰减,进而有效缓解高速列车通过隧道产生的空气动力学效应。从分析高速铁路隧道中的空气动力学问题及其影响因素入手,综述现有减缓措施及其弊端,提出从衬砌形式方面消减隧道中压力波的可行性;最后,对高铁隧道衬砌形式的发展方向做出合理设想,对未来高铁隧道衬砌形式的选取具有参考价值。     

The mediating role of job characteristics in job redesign interventions: A serendipitous quasi‐experiment

The aim of this paper is to examine the mediating role played by five key job characteristics in the relationship between employee participation in a job redesign intervention and employee well‐being. In studies of job redesign interventions, it has been assumed that any effects of employee participation in job redesign on well‐being are a result of changes in job characteristics rather than participation in change per se. It is therefore important to statistically test for mediation in job redesign intervention studies to help establish that the change in job characteristics is the mechanism through which job redesign interventions work. However, this has rarely been tested directly, either because data to allow tests of mediation have not been collected (e.g. assessments of job characteristics) or because data have been collected but mediation has not been tested using accepted procedures. This makes it unclear whether changes in job characteristics explain the effects. Results from multilevel analyses of a longitudinal 9‐month long serendipitous quasi‐experimental participative job redesign intervention showed that changes in job control, participation, skill utilization and feedback, but not task obstacles, were sufficient to account for the relationship between the intervention and employee well‐being. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

驾驶人危险感知能力影响因素及干预方式综述

为探究外部干预对驾驶人危险感知能力的作用效果,梳理不同理论描述驾驶人危险感知过程,并总结驾驶人危险感知行为机制;然后,从危险感知行为要素出发,分析驾驶风格、驾驶经验、交通环境、驾驶状态对危险感知能力的影响;其次,介绍5种危险感知能力干预方式的研究成果,归纳各方式特点;最后,从干预效果持续性、评价指标、迁移效应等方面总结...     

工程项目主要相关方现场安全责任研究

作者解读了国家相关安全生产法规条文;介绍了国际工程项目依据合同实施安全管理的成熟经验;分析了对国内工程项目中承包商、监理和业主等主要相关方的安全管理责任、权利和义务;阐明了业主是工程项目第一责任人,对工程质量、进度、费用、安全、环境、健康负全面责任,承包商应当对施工现场安全生产全面负责,是施工现场安全第一责任人,监理依照委托合同,客观、公平地代表业主对施工进度、费用和质量进行控制,管理项目合同和信息,组织协调现场各承包商,并对现场安全工作进行必要的监督;提出了提高项目现场安全管理水平的一些合理化建议;作者最后认为,在业主保证安全资金的前提下,提高承包商现场施工作业人员的安全意识和业务素质,才是工程项目建设过程中现场安全生产的根本保障.     

地铁车站深基坑开挖变形及数值模拟分析*

为研究土岩复合地层地铁车站深基坑变形时空效应特征与规律,以南宁地铁某车站基坑为研究背景,在不同施工工况下对车站基坑进行有限元数值模拟,并结合实测数据进行对比。结果表明:数值计算值与现场实测值差距较小,2种变形规律接近一致,有限元计算结果合理。围护结构水平位移随施工进行逐渐增大,呈现鼓肚形状,水平位移由桩顶移动到桩身,最大位移稳定在桩身0.5~0.75H处;围护结构受力集中在第2道和第3道内支撑位置;基坑地表沉降中,长边方向的沉降比短边方向沉降明显,空间效应显著;在地铁车站深基坑中,基于时空效应机理,考虑施工影响,在施工过程中调整施工工序和参数,对基坑稳定和控制变形具有重要指导意义。     

A multilevel perspective of interpersonal trust: Individual,dyadic, and cross‐level predictors of performance

While it is generally known that interpersonal trust facilitates individual functioning, few studies have examined the role of specific features of the interpersonal trust network — individual, dyadic, third‐party, and network‐level features — on individual performance. We adopt a multilevel perspective of interpersonal trust to examine how individuals' performance is not only predicted by their individual‐level centrality in the interpersonal trust network but also moderated, at the network level, by the overall centralized nature of that network. Further, we examine whether mutual trust relationships at the dyadic level, as well as shared trust ties to common third parties, can predict individuals' performance. We test our hypotheses with 206 members in 15 professional networking groups and find that interpersonal trust operates at multiple levels to predict members' performance in terms of generating income from business referrals. These findings provide theoretical and practical implications on how interpersonal trust relationships operate and can be managed for performance gains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.