生物反应器填埋场系统的特性研究

对生物反应器填埋场系统的运行特性进行研究。结果表明：生物反应器填埋场系统有助于渗滤液中有机物进行分相降解，在渗滤液的净化和填埋场垃圾的稳定化上优于渗滤液直接循环系统。并且提出了生物反应器填埋场的产气和基质降解过程的特性参数和动力学方程。     

生物反应器填埋场有机物变化模型研究

生物反应器填埋场可以对渗滤液进行原位处理,同时加速垃圾的稳定化. 为了考察生物反应器填埋场中有机物质量浓度的动态变化及其影响因素,根据质量守恒和有机物降解动力学原理,建立了填埋场渗滤液中有机物质量浓度动态变化模型,采用四阶经典Runge-Kutta算法对模型进行了求解,通过室内模拟试验数据对模型中的参数进行了率定.结果表明,模型计算结果和试验监测数据符合较好,说明该模型可以比较精确地预测填埋场渗滤液可降解有机物的质量浓度. 鉴于获取数据的限制,对模型的输入参数进行了敏感性分析.结果表明,有机物从固相向液相的迁移速率常数(_ls)和液相有机物降解的速率常数(_l)的变化对模型的模拟结果影响较大.      

生物反应器-填埋场处理渗滤液的试验

采用生物反应器-填埋场系统处理垃圾渗滤液.结果表明:该系统有助于渗滤液中有机污染物进行分相降解,产酸作用主要集中在填埋场,酸化率为40%～50%,产甲烷作用集中在UASB生物反应器中;系统对渗滤液的处理效果明显优于普通的卫生填埋场和渗滤液单独处理系统,并且有利于甲烷气体的收集和利用.同时该系统也加速了垃圾的降解和填埋场的稳定化过程     

生物反应器填埋场渗滤液回灌影响特性研究

通过模拟实验,研究了渗滤液回灌前加热、加入厌氧污泥进行微生物接种、变化渗滤液回灌频率等操作运行方式对生物反应器填埋场渗滤液特征的影响.结果表明,回灌前对渗滤液进行加热、加入污泥进行微生物接种有利于生物反应器填埋场渗滤液有机污染物浓度的快速下降;较低的渗滤液回灌频率有助于生物反应器填埋场快速进入产甲烷阶段.      

回灌频率对联合型生物反应器填埋场的影响研究

为解决厌氧型生物反应器填埋场中氨氮积累问题,加速填埋场的稳定化进程,将厌氧生物反应器填埋场和准好氧矿化垃圾反应床串联。实验设置了1个厌氧型生物反应器填埋场(ANBL1#)作为参照组,2个厌氧-准好氧联合型生物反应器填埋场(AN-SABL2#、AN-SABL 3#)作为对照组,以研究不同回灌频率下AN-SABL的稳定化规律。研究结果表明:AN-SABL2#、AN-SABL3#可缩短酸化时间,渗滤液的pH值分别在94周、98周升至大于7,而ANBL1#渗滤液的pH值直至100周仍小于7。AN-SABL系统可有效降解渗滤液COD浓度,实验进行到100周左右时,AN-SABL2#、AN-SABL3#系统中厌氧柱D2、D3柱COD浓度仅为ANBL1#系统中厌氧柱D1柱的40.63%、12.5%,而准好氧柱对渗滤液COD的去除率大部分在95%以上。AN-SABL系统能缓解厌氧型生物反应器填埋场中氨氮积累问题,这主要依靠矿化垃圾床良好的生物脱氮作用,厌氧柱D1、D2、D3中NH3-N含量总体趋势为:NH3-ND1>NH3-ND3,NH3-ND1>NH3-ND2,准好氧d2、d3柱氨氮去除率均在90%以上,且厌氧-准好氧联合型生物反应器填埋场(AN-SABL)在实验产酸阶段低回灌频率(3 d/次)对氨氮的去除有利,而后期高回灌频率(1 d/次)更有利。     

生物反应器填埋场的发展及应用研究

缩短垃圾稳定化时间,并有效地收集和处理渗滤液及填埋气体,是促使传统卫生填埋法向生物反应器填埋场发展的主要因素。生物反应器填埋场通过回灌渗滤液等控制手段,改善填埋场内部微生化环境,加速填埋场稳定化进程。生物反应器填埋场的关键在于渗滤液收集系统、防渗系统、气体收集系统和渗滤液回灌系统。一些在运行的全规模生物反应器填埋场证明了这种操作方式能加快垃圾降解和填埋气体的产生,减少渗滤液处理量。然而还有一些经济和技术上的不确定性,包括持久有效性、压实度和氧化-还原环境等因素都需要进一步研究。     

生物反应器填埋场场内脱氮机理小试研究

虽然相对于传统的填埋场而言,渗滤液回灌型生物反应器填埋场系统有利于促进填埋层微生物的生长,但并不能促进垃圾有机污染物的彻底厌氧降解,甚至会导致高浓度氨氮的积累而增加场外处理难度;为此,通过实验室动态模拟试验,进行了渗滤液回灌型生物反应器填埋场系统和脱氮型生物反应器填埋场系统对填埋垃圾的脱氮性能及脱氮机理的初步研究.结果表明,脱氮型生物反应器填埋场系统所提供的生物空间环境更有利于反硝化细菌的生长与繁殖,其反硝化细菌的数量始终比常规的渗滤液回灌型生物反应器填埋场系统高1～3个数量级;其氨氮去除效果达到90%左右,远远优于渗滤液回灌型生物反应器填埋场系统.     

生物反应器填埋场系统中城市生活垃圾原位脱氮研究

采用填埋垃圾上层间歇曝气充氧或渗滤液回流前经好氧、硝化反应器处理的方式,营造生物反应器填埋场系统内生物脱氮环境,研究了其中生活垃圾原位脱氮的性能.结果表明,在填埋垃圾稳定化过程中,88%以上的含氮化合物以渗滤液的形式溶出.填埋垃圾上层间歇曝气充氧或渗滤液经好氧、硝化反应器处理后回流的生物反应器填埋场系统对渗滤液总氮的处理效果较好,实验结束时,渗滤液总氮量仅为对照填埋场的28.7%和14.3%.     

中试规模厌氧型生物反应器填埋场的启动

对生物反应器填埋场启动的优化方案进行了考察,以每周回灌渗滤液量分别为1.6,0.8,0.2m3的3个模拟试验柱(记作R1、R2、R3)和1个每周回灌0.1m3清水的对比试验柱(记作R4)为研究对象,分析试验柱进出水水质变化和填埋气体产生情况.结果表明,较高的回灌水力负荷能够加速垃圾中有机质的溶出,提高填埋气体的产生速率.R1~R4的COD_Cr净流出总量之比为6.75:3.74:1.16:1.00,累计气体产生量之比为100.00:7.92:4.78:1.30.启动初期采用较大的回灌水力负荷不利于生物膜的附着生长,可先采用较低的回灌负荷进而逐步提高.较大的回灌量有利于加速填埋场的稳定化,R1在45周时出水水质已呈现“老龄”渗滤液的部分特征,COD_Cr降低到1870mg/L,BOD5/COD_Cr降至0.12.气候条件对回灌渗滤液的污染负荷有重要影响,进水氨氮浓度旱季最高值3475mg/L,雨季最低值1274mg/L.生物反应器填埋场的启动时间宜选择在雨季.     

序批式生物反应器填埋场特性的研究

序批式生物反应器填埋场是近年来发展较快的生物反应器填埋场之一。文中通过模拟试验探讨了序批式生物反应器填埋场在不同操作条件下的产甲烷情况、COD、pH值的变化趋势及填埋场的沉降情况。实验证明通过交叉回灌，新垃圾中产生的渗滤液中的有机物可以在老填埋区得到降解，而老填埋区成熟的产甲烷菌在引入到新填埋区后，加快了新垃圾的降解，缩短了降解时间，使填埋区可以快速地进入成熟期，加速了填埋场的稳定。     

Landfill leachate treatment in assisted landfill bioreactor

Landfill is the major disposal route of municipal solid waste（MSW） in most Asian countries. Leachate from landfill presents a strong wastewater that needs intensive treatment before discharge. Direct recycling was proposed as an effective alternative for leachate treatment by taking the landfill as a bioreactor. This process was proved not only considerably reducing the pollution potential of leachate, but also enhancing organic degradation in the landfill. However, as this paper shows, although direct leachate recycling was effective in landfilled MSW with low food waste fraction （3.5%, w/w）, it failed in MSW containing 54% food waste, as normally noted in Asian countries. The initial acid stuck would inhibit methanogenesis to build up, hence strong leachate was yielded from landfill to threaten the quality of receiving water body. We demonstrated the feasibility to use an assisted bioreactor landfill, with a well-decomposed refuse layer as ex-situ anaerobic digester to reducing COD loading in leachate. By doing so, the refuse in simulated landfill column （2.3 m high） could be stabilized in 30 weeks while the COD in leachate reduced by 95%（61000 mg/L to 3000 mg/L）. Meanwhile, the biogas production was considerably enhanced, signaling by the much greater amount and much higher methane content in the biogas.     

膜生物反应器在垃圾渗滤液处理工程中的应用研究

介绍膜生物反应器的基本原理、优点、类型和影响因素,总结膜生物反应器在垃圾渗滤液处理工程中的应用现状及进展。工程应用实践表明,膜生物反应器固液分离效果好、污泥负荷高、可截留大分子难降解有机物、剩余污泥产量低、占地面积小、易于实现自动化,在垃圾渗滤液处理领域具有很好的应用前景。根据工程实际经验,针对膜生物反应器在渗滤液处理工程中的应用,提出工程设计和运行控制方面的建议。     

Comparison between controlled landfill reactor and conditioned landfill bioreactor

Bioreactor landfills allow a more active landfill management that recognizes the biological, chemical and physical processes involved in a landfill environment. The laboratory-scale simulators of landfill reactors treating municipal solid wastes were studied, the effect of solid waste size, leachate recirculation, nutrient balance, pH value, moisture content and temperature on the rate of municipal solid waste (MSW) biodegradation were determined, and it indicated the optimum pH value, moisture content and temperature decomposing MSW. The results of waste biodegradation were compared with that of the leachate-recirculated landfill simulator and conservative sanitary landfill simulator. In the control experiment the antitheses of a decreasing trend of the organic load, measured as biological oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand, was shown. An obvious enhancement of effective disposal from conservative sanitary landfill (CSL) simulator, to the leachate-recirculated landfill (LRL) simulator and to the conditioned bioreactor landfill(CBL) simulator would be noted, through displaying the compared results of solid waste settlement, heavy, metal concentration in leachate, methane production rate, biogas composition, BOD and COD as well as their ratio.     

Occurrence and removal of organic micropollutants in the treatment of landfill leachate by combined anaerobic-membrane bioreactor technology

Organic micropollutants,with high toxicity and environmental concern,are present in the landfill leachate at much lower levels than total organic constituents (chemical oxygen demand (COD),biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),or total organic carbon (TOC)),and few has been known for their behaviors in different treatment processes.In this study,occurrence and removal of 17 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs),16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs),and technical 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) in landfill leachate in a comb...     

膜生物反应器处理晚期垃圾渗滤液亚硝化性能及其抑制动力学分析

采用连续流MBR反应器处理晚期垃圾渗滤液,考察其亚硝化性能;并探讨底物、产物和毒性物质对亚硝化性能的抑制及其动力学特性.结果表明,在进水NH₄⁺-N浓度为(280±20) mg/L时,通过控制DO为0.5~1 mg/L,pH值为7.8~8.2和温度为(30±1)℃,成功启动MBR的亚硝化工艺,在第32d时, NO₂^--N积累率为84.27%;后逐步升高进水负荷,并提高DO至2~3 mg/L,逐渐实现MBR系统中以晚期垃圾渗滤液原液为进水的亚硝化,在第112d时,系统出水NO₂^--N浓度为889 mg/L, NO₂^--N积累率为97.23%.底物、产物和毒性物质的抑制实验表明,毒性物质对微生物的抑制作用强于底物和产物;当毒性物质浓度(以COD计)为1600.2 mg/L时,氨氧化速率下降了22.15%,而相应条件下若以FA为单因子抑制时,氨氧化速率下降了4.74%~6.49%,若以FNA为单因子抑制时,氨氧化速率相比下降了14.46%~15.86%.分别采用Haldane底物抑制模型、Aiba产物抑制模型以及修正后的毒性物质抑制模型对实验数据进行非线性拟合,相关系数R²分别为0.9821、0.9961和0.9924,并得到底物、产物和毒性物质的抑制动力学模型.     

Effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on the biochemical characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

Activity development of key groups of enzymes involved in municipal refuse decomposition was measured in laboratory landfill bioreactors with and without leachate recycling and inoculation for about 210 days.The results showed that the enzymes(amylase,protease,cellulase,lipase and pectinase)were present in fresh refuse but at low values and positively affected by leachate recycling and refuse inoculation.The total average of cellulase activity in digesters D3 operated with leachate recycling but no inoculation,D4 and D5 operated with leachate recyling and inoculation was much higher than that in digesters D1 and D2 without leachate recycling and inoculation by 88%-127%,117%-162%and 64%-98%.The total average of protease activity was higher in digester D4 than that in digesters D1,D2,D3and D5 by 63%,39%,24%and 24%,respectively,and the positive effect of leachate recycling and inoculation on protease activity of landfilled refuse mainly was at the first two months.The total average of amylase activity was higher in digesters D3,D4 and D5 than that in digesters D1 and D2 by 83%-132%,96%-148%and 81%-129%.During the early phase of incubation,the stimulatory effect of inoculation on lipase activity was measured,but refuse moisture was the main factor affecting lipase activity of landfilled refuse.The inoculation,initial and continuous inoculation of microorganisms existing in leachate,was the mainly stimulatory factor affecting pectinase activity of landfilled refuse.     

回灌渗滤液pH和VFA浓度对填埋层初期甲烷化的影响

采用人工配制渗滤液回灌模拟填埋柱的方法,研究了回灌渗滤液中pH和VFA对填埋层甲烷化的影响.实验结果表明,回灌渗滤液酸性条件(pH=6)下,且回灌渗滤液中存在一定量的VFA时,填埋层仍可迅速甲烷化;并且VFA浓度越低,填埋层甲烷化过程稳定时间越短.回灌渗滤液pH为7时,保证填埋层仍能快速进入甲烷化阶段的最高VFA浓度不应超过4000 mg·L-1(以C计).研究结果表明,生物反应器填埋初期,以回灌为目标的渗滤液预处理工艺的出水水质要求可适当降低,这既有利于控制渗滤液预处理的成本,也可避免预处理后渗滤液中有机酸浓度过低,导致填埋层可转化为甲烷的有机碳过量流失.     

Effect of leachate recycle and inoculation on microbial characteristics of municipal refuse in landfill bioreactors

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