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黄菖蒲和狭叶香蒲根系对氮磷的吸收动力学 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用改进的常规耗竭法,研究了黄菖蒲(Iris pseudacorus L.)和狭叶香蒲(Typha angustifolia L.)根系对NH4+、NO3-和H2PO4-的吸收特征及差异。结果表明,这2种植物根系对NH4+、NO3-和H2PO4-的吸收动力学特征均可采用Michaelis-Menten方程描述。2种植物根系对NH4+、NO3-和H2PO4-的亲和力(Km)和最大吸收速率(Vmax)有显著差异。吸收H2PO4-时,黄菖蒲根系具有较高的Vmax值和较低的Km值,说明黄菖蒲具有嗜磷特性,并能够适应广范围浓度的H2PO4-环境,适宜用于污染水体磷的去除;吸收NO3-时,狭叶香蒲根系具有较高的Vmax值和较低的Km值,表明狭叶香蒲可用于广范围浓度NO3-污染的水体修复;吸收NH4+时,黄菖蒲根系具有较低的Vmax值和Km值,而狭叶香蒲根系具有较高的Vmax值和Km值,说明黄菖蒲适宜用于NH4+污染较轻水体的修复,而在NH4+污染较重水体中宜选用狭叶香蒲作为先锋植物。 相似文献
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采用浸渍法制备了CuCoOx/TiO2催化剂,考察了焙烧温度、反应温度、氧含量、NO浓度和空间速度对催化剂催化氧化NO性能的影响,并考察了催化剂的抗硫抗水性能。XRD、TPR和BET分析表明,350℃焙烧的催化剂具有CuCo2O4尖晶石结构,比表面积大,对NO的氧化效果好。在空速为5 000 h-1,NO进口浓度500 mg/m3,含氧量10%的条件下,反应温度300℃时NO转化率可达79.5%,250℃时NO转化率接近50%。该催化剂具有良好的单独抗SO2、抗H2O毒化性能,H2O和SO2同时存在时很快失活。该催化剂可用于不同时含H2O和SO2的含NO气体催化氧化后再吸收处理。 相似文献
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鸟粪石结晶法回收垃圾渗滤液氨氮研究 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4
采用MgSO4·7H2O和Na2HPO4·12H2O使NH3-N生成MgNH4PO4·6H2O(鸟粪石)结晶沉淀法回收渗滤液中NH3-N。考察了pH值、反应时间、药剂配比对NH3-N去除率的影响。结果表明,鸟粪石结晶回收NH3-N反应的适宜pH值为9~9.5之间,过高的pH会破坏鸟粪石晶体结构,导致固定氨从MgNH4PO4中游离出来,不利于氨氮的去除。在pH值为9.5、反应时间为25 min、Mg2+∶NH+4∶PO3-4=1.5∶1∶1.5的最佳条件下,渗滤液中NH3-N浓度由初始3 500 mg/L,经结晶沉淀后降低至175 mg/L,去除率达95%。鸟粪石结晶沉淀过程中几乎不吸收重金属,同时回收了氨氮,其沉淀产物鸟粪石是一种优良的缓释肥原料。 相似文献
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环境中抗生素的出现及其引起的危害正受到越来越多的关注。以高压汞灯为光源,选用较为广泛的抗生素土霉素(OTC)为处理对象。考察了初始质量浓度、反应过程中光照、催化剂投加量、溶液起始pH、溶液中DOM和NO-3对光催化降解的影响,研究了其光降解动力学。结果表明,TiO2光催化氧化法能够有效去除水中半微量的OTC,OTC的光降解过程符合一级反应动力学模型;UV/TiO2联用工艺对TOC也有很好的去除效果,反应90 min,TOC去除率可达74%;OTC的初始浓度从30 mg/L增大到90 mg/L,反应速率从0.0619 min-1降低到0.0130 min-1;随着光催化剂投加量的增大,光降解速率常数先增大后减小;增加溶液的pH值,速率常数逐渐减小;溶液中的DOM和NO-3也可以影响光降解效率。 相似文献
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通过系列杯罐试验混凝处理合流污水,采用硫酸铝(Al2(SO4)3)、硫酸铁(Fe2(SO4)3)、聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚合氯化铝铁(PAFC)4种混凝剂均能有效去除污水中的 TP、PO3-4-P、SS和COD。聚合金属盐(PAC和PAFC)混凝处理效果优于金属盐(Al2(SO4)3和Fe2(SO4)3),达到相同的处理效果的投加量明显低于后者。助凝剂采用聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)、自制的高分子聚合物(AN)和活化硅酸(AS),在保持较低混凝剂投加量的条件下可明显提高污水处理效果;添加助凝剂对强化PO3-4-P的去除作用不明显,PO3-4-P的去除仅与混凝剂的投加量相关。混凝剂和助凝剂对污水中NH3-N的去除作用相对不显著。SS去除率随混凝剂投加量的变化趋势说明混凝的机理较为复杂,可能存在多种混凝机理共同作用。 相似文献
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水位波动带氮素迁移转化规律 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为考察水位波动对非饱和-饱和土层中氮素迁移转化的影响,设计土柱实验装置Ⅰ和Ⅱ分别模拟水位稳定与波动两种情景,测定一个水位波动周期内地下水中NO3--N、NO2--N和NH4+-N浓度变化情况。结果表明,柱Ⅱ水位第1次下降柱内1#,2#,3#,4#采样点NO3--N浓度均增大,增幅分别为6.5%、14.9%、15.33%和19.8%。水位上升时结果相反,分别降低17.3%、26.15%、50.29%和44.61%。第2次水位下降至初始位置4个采样点NO3--N浓度再次增大,幅度分别为7.1%、10.6%、13.89%和7.76%。铵态氮呈相反趋势不同程度的变化。水位波动柱Ⅱ连通水槽内总氮量增加显著高于柱I水槽,即水位波动有利于波动带地下水中氮素垂向迁移,加重波动带以下地下水硝酸盐污染。因此,水位波动对氮素迁移转化的影响不容忽视。 相似文献
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采用多孔球型悬浮填料挂膜的生物塔净化低浓度氮氧化物废气的研究结果表明,氮氧化物的净化效率可达60%,适宜的入口NOx浓度为130 mg/m3,O2体积含量为18%,空床停留时间为29 s,循环液流量为116.8 L/h, 循环液pH为7.49~8.05,压降为244.9 Pa,温度为22~28 ℃。NO-3和NO-2浓度相近的现象说明反硝化细菌存在,并发挥着反硝化作用,将部分NO-3转化为NO-2。 相似文献
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Alfred Eisner Jacob Tadmor 《Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association (1995)》2013,63(4):400-401
A number of key projects in the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) particulate R&;D program having applicability to industry are presented. For electrostatic precipitators (ESP) there is presented the result of work on large diameter discharge electrodes which provide a decrease in penetration of up to a factor of 4 when compared to conventional small diameter electrodes. Also discussed is the multistage ESP which provides a collection efficiency that would require a collecting plate area 4 or 5 times larger with conventional ESP technology. The E-SOX technology makes use of the multistage concept to free up space in the ESP for SO2 removals of up to 90%. Electrostatically augmented fabric filtration provides a reduction in pressure drop of about 5 0% as compared to conventional fabric filtration. Wind tunnel modeling of windbreaks for material storage piles indicates a potential for providing engineering design data that would allow significant emission reduction caused by wind erosion 相似文献
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《国际环境与污染杂志》2011,10(2):304-314
This paper investigates some of the reflectivity characteristics that clouds (when modelled as solid bodies) must exhibit to be compatible with observations that the reflecting surface of a cloud (i) appears almost equally bright across its face, (ii) is brightest when the cloud is opposite to the Sun but decreases in brightness as the cloud moves to other positions and (iii) increases in brightness with increasing optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight. These observations, respectively, are shown to imply that the peak value of the bidirectional total reflectivity from a cloud surface (i) increases in inverse proportion to the cosine of the angle between the Sun and the normal to the cloud surface, as the incident angle increases, (ii) appears to be directed back in the direction of the incident radiation, and (iii) increases as optical thickness of the cloud in the observer's line of sight increases. The results could have application in many fields (e.g. modelling diffuse radiance distributions for cloudy skies). 相似文献
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在实施ISO/IEC17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核实施阶段的关键环节,提出召开首次会议、收集审核证据、确定审核发现和召开末次会议的技术方法,对提高内部审核的质量和有效性、获得可靠的审核结论具有重要意义。 相似文献
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介绍了电解法生产次氯酸钠的原理 ,并在原有生产工艺的基础上进行了重新设计和对设备的重新选择、改造 ,得出了各个工艺参数的最佳值 ,生产出高品质的次氯酸钠 相似文献
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Árpád Ambrus 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):435-442
Abstract A computer model was used to take random samples from primary sample populations obtained from field trials to simulate the uncertainty of sampling for residue analysis of plant commodities and soil. The results indicate about 40%, 30% and 20% relative uncertainty when random samples of size 5, 10 and 25 are taken respectively, from a single lot. Therefore the sample size should be the same for establishing and enforcing legal limits. 相似文献
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结合扬中生态环境的基本情况和存在的不足,进行了具体分析,对扬中未来生态建设的发展方向提出了建议及实施措施。 相似文献
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Janusz A. Pudykiewicz Anna S. Koziol 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》1998,32(24):5541
The most common technique used for numerical simulations of tracer mixing is that of the numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation with the unresolved fluxes parameterized using the similarity theory. Despite correct predictions of the overall directions of transport, models based on a numerical solution of the advection–diffusion equation lack sufficient accuracy to correctly reproduce the coupling of mixing with small scale processes which are sensitive to the microstructure of the tracer distribution. The objective of this paper is to revisit the basic formalism employed in numerical models used to investigate atmospheric tracers. The main mathematical method proposed here is the theory of kinematics of mixing which could be applied effectively for simulations of atmospheric transport processes. At the beginning of the paper, we introduce simple mathematical transformations in order to demonstrate how complex topological structures are created by mixing processes. These idealistic flow systems are essential to explain transport properties of much more complex three-dimensional geophysical flows. An example of the application of the kinematics of mixing to the analysis of tracer transport on a planetary scale is presented in the following sections. The complex filamentary structures simulated in the numerical experiment are evaluated using some commonly applied statistical measures in order to compare the results with the data published in the literature. The results of the experiment are also analysed with the help of simple conceptual models of fluid filaments. The microstructure of the tracer distribution introduced in the paper is essential to increase our understanding of atmospheric transport and to develop more realistic parameterizations of small-scale mixing. The presented results could also be used to improve calculations of the coupling between microphysical processes and tracer mixing. 相似文献
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在实施ISO/IEC 17025:1999标准《检测和校准实验室能力的通用要求》过程中,通过实验室质量管理体系内部审核的实践与系统分析,识别出内部审核策划阶段的关键环节,提出审核范围确定、审核计划和抽样方案制订的质量控制要求,为有序高效地实施内部审核提供了技术方法。 相似文献
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《Atmospheric environment(England)》1989,23(9):1945-1948
In order to elucidate the reaction mechanism of the ozonolysis of acrylonitrile in the liquid phase, characterization of reaction products has been attempted. One of the products, which was volatile, has been found to be formaldehyde by derivatizing with dimedone. The infrared and mass spectra of the derivative corresponded with that of alkylidene dimedone. Three other reaction products were isolated by TLC using silica gel, CHCl3:MeOH (80:20). These have been tentatively identified as glyoxal, epoxide of acrylonitrile and acetamide from their mass spectra. Based on these findings a reaction pathway for the formation of formaldehyde is proposed to be that described by Criegee. 相似文献