Seed treatment and inhibition of plantpathology by chitosan

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Oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali FGD system

A laboratory-scale well-mixed thermostatic reactor with continuously blasting air was used to investigate the oxidation inhibition of sulfite in dual alkali flue gas desulfurization （FGD） system. The effects of operating parameters such as pH value and catalyst concentration on the oxidation were studied. Sodium thiosulfate was used in the system, and was found that it significantly inhabited the sulfite oxidation. In the absence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 12.67 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency of approximately 98%. While in the presence of catalyst, sodium thiosulfate at 26.72 mmol/L had an inhibition efficiency less than 85.0%. The oxidation reaction order of sulfite in the sodium thiosulfate was determined to be -1.90 and 4）.55 in the absence and presence of the catalyst, respectively. Apparent activation energy of oxidation inhibition was calculated to be 53.9 kJ/mol. Pilot tests showed that the consumption rate of thiosulfate agreed well with the laboratory-scale experimental results.     

Ribosomal function and its inhibition by antibiotics in prokaryotes

Most of the known antibiotics act at the level of protein biosynthesis probably due to the extraordinary complexity of the translation machinery which can be interfered with at many points. At first a survey is given of our present knowledge covering the structure and function of the prokaryotic ribosome. The most important antibiotics acting at the translational level are integrated into this network of data. The binding sites and the inhibition mechanisms of the drugs, together with the ribosomal components altered in resistant mutants are described. Finally, the points of interference with the translational machinery are indicated in an extended scheme of ribosomal functions.     

Evaluation of a crop rotation with biological inhibition potential to avoid N2O emissions in comparison with synthetic nitrification inhibition

Agriculture has increased the release of reactive nitrogen to the environment due to crops’low nitrogen-use ef?ciency (NUE) after the application of nitrogen-fertilisers.Practices like the use of stabilized-fertilisers with nitri?cation inhibitors such as DMPP (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate) have been adopted to reduce nitrogen losses.Otherwise,cover crops can be used in crop-rotation-strategies to reduce soil nitrogen pollution and bene?t the following culture.Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) could b...     

联苯代谢对微生物的生长胁迫及分裂抑制

以联苯/多氯联苯降解菌株R04（Rhodococcus sp.R04）和几种模式微生物为研究对象,利用高效液相色谱、荧光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜等分析微生物在联苯及其代谢物培养条件下细胞分裂和形态的变化.结果表明联苯及其代谢产物对红球菌R04和几种模式微生物细胞的分裂有抑制作用,并对部分微生物形态有影响.与前体-联苯及其代谢产物2-羟基-6-酮基-6-苯基-2,4-己二烯酸相比,2,3-二羟基联苯对G⁺、G^-细菌,或是酵母细胞分裂都有较强的抑制和形态的改变.2,3-二羟基联苯导致R.R04和缺陷型R.R04细胞形成不完整隔膜的比例增加;造成96.4%的大肠杆菌BL21细胞表面凹陷,胞质内容物流失,菌体体积缩小;导致枯草芽孢杆菌89.6%的细胞体积明显缩小;导致金黄色葡萄球菌基本没有细胞能形成完整的分裂隔膜;导致红酵母细胞能进行出芽生殖的比例从64.2%降低到19.3%,但对其细胞形态无明显改变.联苯代谢物2,3-二羟基联苯对红球菌R04及其它微生物细胞分裂和增殖的抑制作用比其前体-联苯强,建议在研究环境化合物与微生物互作时,应考虑环境化合物代谢的毒性效应.     

硫氨基循环抑制烟气二英生成的试验研究

新型硫氨基物质对二英低温从头合成具有良好的抑制效果,但尚未在实际焚烧炉中应用.本文借助烟气循环抑制和飞灰低温热处置联用控制二英排放中试系统(500 Nm³·h^-1),开展了硫氨基循环抑制实际焚烧炉烟气二英排放的研究.试验结果表明,硫氨基抑制气氛能在该系统中循环累积,该系统对二英阻滞率达95%以上,烟气二英排放浓度低于最新国家环保标准0.1 ng·Nm^-3(以I-TEQ计).该新型硫氨基循环抑制技术对实际废物焚烧炉二英的减排控制具有重要指导价值.     

Sex-specific inhibition and stimulation of worker-reproductive transition in a termite

In social insects, the postembryonic development of individuals exhibits strong phenotypic plasticity in response to the environment, thus generating the caste system. Different from eusocial Hymenoptera, in which queens dominate reproduction and inhibit worker fertility, the primary reproductive caste in termites (kings and queens) can be replaced by neotenic reproductives derived from functionally sterile individuals. Feedback regulation of nestmate differentiation into reproductives has been suggested, but the sex specificity remains inconclusive. In the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, we tested the hypothesis that neotenic reproductives regulate worker-reproductive transition in a sex-specific manner. With this R. flavipes system, we demonstrate a sex-specific regulatory mechanism with both inhibitory and stimulatory functions. Neotenics inhibit workers of the same sex from differentiating into additional reproductives but stimulate workers of the opposite sex to undergo this transition. Furthermore, this process is not affected by the presence of soldiers. Our results highlight the reproductive plasticity of termites in response to social cues and provide insights into the regulation of reproductive division of labor in a hemimetabolous social insect.     

重金属对猪场废水厌氧消化蓄积抑制

为了探明重金属离子在猪场废水厌氧消化中的蓄积抑制作用,用急性抑制试验法和蓄积抑制试验法,研究了Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr3+对厌氧消化的半抑制浓度和蓄积特性.结果表明,Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr3+对厌氧消化的半抑制浓度分别为1.26、1.79和2.10 mg·g+1(以VSS计),当Cu2+、Zn2+、Cr3+的浓度分别累积到1.92 mg·g-1,0.96 mg·g-1和2.24 mg·g-1(以VSS计)时,甲烷产生速率被抑制50%,说明Zn2+属于高度蓄积,Cu2+和Cr3+为明显蓄积.     

有机磷农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶的抑制作用及QSAR研究

以碘化硫代乙酰胆碱为底物,二硫代二硝基苯甲酸为显色剂,采用分光光度法测定了21种有机磷农药对乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)的半抑制浓度(IC₅₀).运用多元线性回归分析以及参数间的自相关分析建立有机磷农药对AChE抑制作用的QSAR模型.模型分析表明,有机磷农药对AChE的抑制作用主要受特定方向上的原子极化率及原子的电拓扑状态的影响,是多因素综合作用的结果.模型可解释高达78%的数据变异和显著的预测能力(q²=0.653),表明有机磷农药对AChE的抑制作用可借助结构活性关系模型进行预测与评价.     

淡水鱼脑AChE的动力学特性及抗抑制性

用PEG2000双水相萃取、DEAE-Sephadex A-50和SephadexG-200方法分离提纯麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)、金鱼(Carassius auratus)和虹鳟鱼(Salmo gairdneri)脑乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE),比较这3种淡水鱼脑AChE纯酶液与粗酶液的动力学特性、抗抑制性及其种类之间的差异.结果表明,这3种鱼脑AChE的性质在种类间的差异要远远小于其在粗酶状态时酶活性的差异,由此得出AChE性质在种类间的差异并非影响这3种淡水鱼脑AChE活性差异的主要因素;由AChE抗抑制试验结果可知,这3种鱼脑AChE粗酶液对经溴水氧化后的马拉硫磷和三唑硫磷的敏感性及种间的差异都远大于纯酶液.     

地下水硝酸盐反硝化修复过程中生物膜抑制缓堵模拟实验研究

为缓解地下水污染原位生物修复过程中生物膜形成造成的多孔介质渗透性损失,采用纳米乳化油为碳源,市售反硝化细菌为菌种,开展静态批实验,模拟地下水硝酸盐氮反硝化修复过程;选取蛋白酶、多糖酶以及群体感应抑制剂香草醛为生物膜抑制剂,分析不同反应体系硝酸盐氮的降解情况,探究3种添加物的不同组合方式对于反硝化细菌生物膜的抑制作用.结果显示,多糖酶、蛋白酶以及香草醛的投加能够有效促进硝酸盐氮的降解和亚硝酸盐氮的还原.4个实验组别的NO₃-N降解速率为0.28～0.30 mg·L^-1·h^-1,约为空白组的2.55～2.73倍,且NO₂-N无明显积累.群体感应抑制剂香草醛与蛋白酶的结合对以假单细胞菌属为主的反硝化细菌生物膜的抑制效果最好.定量评估结果表明,生物膜去除效果依次为香草醛和蛋白酶的混合物（81.3%）>蛋白酶和多糖酶的混合物（68.6%）>蛋白酶（54.1%）>多糖酶（49.1%）,单位质量多糖酶、蛋白酶和香草醛对于胞外聚合物的去除量分别为30.07、65.34 mg·mL^-1