Infrared absorption spectra and integrated band intensities for gaseous methanesulphonic acid (MSA)

A quantitative analysis of the infrared spectrum of gaseous methanesulphonic acid (MSA, CH₃SO₃H) has been performed in the region of 4100-700 cm⁻¹ using in situ Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The influence of the temperature and the partial pressure of the diluent gas (N₂) on the measured infrared absorption coefficients and the integrated band intensities was investigated. This study represents the first report of infrared absorption coefficients and integrated band intensities for gaseous MSA.     

Mn2+-WO3-TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的研究

溶胶-凝胶和浸渍相结合的方法制备Mn2+-WO3-TiO2光催化剂,进行甲基橙的光催化降解实验,考察WO3和Mn2+掺入量、焙烧温度及时间对光催化性能的影响。结果表明,500℃焙烧2h,掺杂量n(Mn2+)∶n(WO3)∶n(TiO2)=0.8∶1∶100时,光催化活性最高,光催化降解甲基橙溶液,120min后,降解率达84%,比单纯TiO2的光催化活性提高83%。     

Phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite in the presence of Mn(II): Fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI)

Ferrihydrite is an important sink for the toxic heavy metal ions, such as Cr(VI). As ferrihydrite is thermodynamically unstable and gradually transforms into hematite and goethite, the stability of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite is environmentally significant. This study investigated the phase transformation of Cr(VI)-adsorbed ferrihydrite at different pH in the presence of aqueous Mn(II), as well as the fate of Mn(II) and Cr(VI) in the transformation process of ferrihydrite. Among the ferrihydrite transformation products, hematite was dominant, and goethite was minor. The pre-adsorbed Cr(VI) inhibited the conversion of ferrihydrite to goethite at initial pH 3.0, whereas little amount of adsorbed Mn(II) favored the formation of goethite at initial pH 7.0. After the aging process, Cr species in solid phase existed primarily as Cr(III) in the presence of Mn(II) at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0. The aqueous Mn concentration was predominantly unchanged at initial pH 3.0, whereas the aqueous Mn(II) was adsorbed onto ferrihydrite or form Mn(OH)₂ precipitates at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, promoting the immobilization of Cr(VI). Moreover, the oxidation of Mn(II) occurred at initial pH 7.0 and 11.0, forming Mn(III/IV) (hydr)oxides.     

地表水高锰酸盐指数与化学需氧量相关关系研究

化学需氧量(CODcr)、高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)通常被作为直接表示水体中有机物相对含量的指标,化学需氧量和高锰酸盐指数是指在一定条件下,以不同的氧化剂,即重铬酸钾(K2Cr2O7)和高锰酸钾(KMnO4)氧化水中的亚硝酸盐、亚铁盐、硫化物和有机物所消耗的氧化剂的量,以氧的mg/L表示,二者均是条件性指标。通过选取北京市北运河水系原宣武区内西便门、右安门两个监测断面,对其进行了高锰酸盐指数和化学需氧量的相关性分析,通过相关系数分析及F检验,表明高锰酸盐指数与化学需氧量显著相关。同时在分析过程中发现虽然同为一条水系,但由于这两个监测断面受污染的程度不同,其高锰酸盐指数与CODcr的线性关系并不完全相同,但差异不大。因此可以用高锰酸盐指数估算CODcr结果,可以减少CODcr监测频次,降低分析产生的Cr6+的二次污染。     

海洋沉积物中腐殖酸的提取与紫外吸收光谱特征

采用NaOH碱提法提取和纯化了海洋沉积物中的腐殖酸,研究了腐殖酸的紫外吸收光谱特征,考察了pH、盐度和溶解有机质对腐殖酸吸光度的影响。结果显示,pH对腐殖酸的吸光度有显著的影响,在pH<6.5的酸性和pH>8.5的碱性条件下吸光度随pH的增大而增强,但pH在6.5～8.5范围内对吸光度的影响不大。盐度和溶解有机质对腐殖酸的吸光度影响较小。     

Fe+3(EDTA)还原菌的分离及其性能

从还原NO络合吸收液的混合微生物中分离得到一株克雷伯氏菌(FR-1).考察了氮源量、碳源及其添加量、菌体接种量、pH值和温度对该菌种生长和对Fe 3(EDTA)还原特性的影响.结果表明,菌种FR-1生长适宜的氮源量为100mg/L;以葡萄糖为碳源对微生物生长和Fe 3(EDTA)还原均有利,其添加量为800mg/L时还原效果最好;在接种量为100mg/L时,菌种FR-1生长最好,对Fe 3(EDTA)还原效率随菌体接种量的增加而增大;菌种FR-1生长和对Fe 3(EDTA)还原的最佳温度为40℃;在考察的初始pH值(5.0~8.5)范围内,细菌生长随pH值升高而下降,而对Fe 3(EDTA)的还原随pH值升高而增加.     

Al3+对酒石酸还原Cr(Ⅵ)的催化作用

为进一步了解土壤环境中有机物有效快速还原Cr(Ⅵ)的作用机理,通过批式试验研究了不同温度和pH条件下土壤中普遍存在的Al3 对酒石酸还原Cr(Ⅵ)反应速率的影响.结果表明,Al3 对酒石酸还原Cr(Ⅵ)有催化作用,且pH越低,Al3 的催化作用越明显;然而,当pH达4.5时,其催化作用几乎完全消失.前期试验结果指出,Al3 对只含有1个α-OH有机酸(如柠檬酸和乳酸)和只具有2个羧基的有机酸(如草酸和琥珀酸)还原Cr(Ⅵ)没有任何影响.因此,可得出Al3 的催化效应跟酒石酸分子中的2个α-OH与Al3 发生作用有关.在Al3 作用下,过量酒石酸对Cr(Ⅵ)还原反应符合零级反应动力学规律.     

利用皂土吸附和介电泳方法间接去除水中的Mn2+

水中重金属去除一直是水处理的技术难点.锰虽然是动物必需的微量元素之一,但是人和动物摄入过量的锰会对神经系统等产生毒害.利用皂土吸附水中的重金属Mn2+,在装有微电极阵列芯片的介电泳池研究装置中,通过调节外加交流电压,捕获悬浮液中的皂土从而间接去除Mn2+.吸附了微量重金属离子的皂土被捕获到电场强度较大的区域,发生了正介电泳.该研究为建立一种从废水中间接去除重金属离子的实际可行方法奠定了实验基础,不存在二次污染.     

异化Mn(IV)还原耦合降解卡马西平及双氯芬酸

本文以卡马西平（CBZ）和双氯芬酸（DCF）2种代表性有机药物作为目标污染物,嘉陵江沉积物中提取的微生物作为菌源,利用锰矿物为填料的厌氧生物滤柱探究了异化锰还原过程对CBZ和DCF的处理效果.同时研究了外加有机碳源（乙酸钠）和MnO₂对异化锰还原去除CBZ和DCF过程的影响.结果表明,在无外加乙酸钠和MnO₂时,厌氧生物滤柱对10μg/L的CBZ和DCF能分别实现25.23%和32.44%的去除.其中异化锰还原贡献的去除率分别为2.81%和14.87%,而外加0.5g/L乙酸钠和25g MnO₂均能提高异化锰还原过程中对CBZ的处理效果（分别提高6.35%和4.63%）,但对DCF的去除无显著影响.本试验可为难降解有机药物的降解提供新的思路.     

嫩江齐齐哈尔江段高锰酸盐指数与化学需氧量相关关系的探讨

通过对嫩江齐齐哈尔段CODMn和CODcr值相关关系的分析,结果表明CODMn与CODcr显著相关,可以用CODMn值推算CODcr结果,减少CODcr的监测次数,降低分析中产生的Cr6+的二次污染。     

Simultaneous oxidation of Mn(II) and As(III) on cupric oxide (CuO) promotes As(III) removal at circumneutral pH

Oxidation of Mn(II) or As(III) by molecular oxygen is slow at pH < 9, while they can be catalytically oxidized in the presence of oxide minerals and then removed from contaminated water. However, the reaction mechanisms on simultaneous oxidation of Mn(II) and As(III) on oxide mineral surface and their accompanied removal efficiency remain unclear. This study compared Mn(II) oxidation on four common metal oxides (γ-Al₂O₃, CuO, α-Fe₂O₃ and ZnO) and investigated the simultaneous oxidation and removal of Mn(II) and As(III) through batch experiments and spectroscopic analyses. Among the tested oxides, CuO and α-Fe₂O₃ possess greater catalytic activity toward Mn(II) oxidation. Oxidation and removal kinetics of Mn(II) and As(III) on CuO indicate that O₂ is the terminal electron acceptor for Mn(II) and As(III) oxidation on CuO, and Mn(II) acts as an electron shuttle to promote As(III) oxidation and removal. The main oxidized product of Mn(II) on CuO is high-valent MnO_x species. This newly formed Mn(III) or Mn(IV) phases promote As(III) oxidation on CuO at circumneutral pH 8 and is reduced to Mn(II), which may be then released into solution. This study provides new insights into metal oxide-catalyzed oxidation of pollutants Mn(II) and As(III) and suggests that CuO should be considered as an efficient material to remediate Mn(II) and As(III) contamination.