油田环境监测仪器设备的期间核查

针对油田废水的特点,油田环境监测站配置了专门的仪器设备,本文主要论述了油田环境监测仪器期间核查的定义、核查对象、核查方法、核查判据、核查间隔、核查方法、核查结果处理。     

小议火电厂总量减排核查要点

从资料核查、在线监测设备核查、集控系统核查及现场核查4个环节详细介绍了火电厂总量减排现场核查的要点。对核查中出现的问题进行总结及分析,为同类环境管理工作提供参考。     

环境监测仪器设备的期间核查

仪器设备的期间核查（又称运行检查）是实验室认可和计量认证要求的质量管理的一种方式,但针对具体的行业或具体的仪器设备,往往缺乏明确和可操作性的方法。环境监测机构一般有较多的仪器设备,并且往往分属于不同的类别。现结合环境监测机构的特点,提出环境监测仪器设备期间核查的具体要求和做法。     

实验室认可的设备质量管理

阐述了实验室认可中设备质量管理的重要性。指出环境监测站应提高认识，树立设备质量管理理念；创新机制，构建设备质量管理体系；突出重点，健全设备质量管理制度，包括评审制度、验收制度、使用制度、记录制度和核查制度。     

废水自动监测系统核查要点解析

在废水自动监测工作日益得到重视与普及的背景下,一些企业存在侥幸心理,不严格按规范运行废水自动监测系统,导致监测结果失去真实性。因此,监测人员应针对相应情况,提高监测能力,保证监测结果的真实性。文章分别从现场核查内容、相关材料、在线监测设备运行、治污设施运行工况四个方面,详细说明废水自动监测过程中要注意的关键点,并重点阐述了废水自动监测系统核查的内容和要点,列举了一些核查实例进行解析。     

新疆水环境手工监测质量核查技术探析

水环境手工监测质量核查技术对监(检)测机构高质量发展和环境管理部门决策具有重要意义。笔者针对新疆水环境手工监测质量核查工作现状，提出了资料核查、现场核查、质控考核和现场比对核查4种质量核查方式及其核查重点。并根据管理部门需求对4种质量核查方式相结合或分别进行核查的技术要求进行分析，以期为管理部门全面评价监(检)测机构数据质量和减少重复工作提供参考。     

城镇污水处理厂污染物总量减排现场核查要点分析

指出城镇污水处理厂总量减排存在的问题,提出从水量核查、水质核查和运行状况核查等3方面对城镇污水处理厂现场核查,以此对城镇污水处理厂COD减排进行核算。     

关于非生产类行业验收监测中工况核查的探讨

简述了建设项目竣工环境保护验收监测时工况核查的重要性和存在的问题。根据相关标准规范要求和实践经验,对仓储、污水处理、危废集中处置项目等非生产性行业验收监测中的工况核查展开了讨论,提出应完善相关的实施程序和技术规范,使得工况核查有据可依;工况核查差异对待、区别思考以及进一步提高监测人员的工况核查水平等建议,为今后开展此类验收监测工况核查提供借鉴。     

浅谈环境监测实验室设备管理

针对目前实验室认可和实验室资质认定评审中环境监测实验室普遍存在问题,提出正确实施仪器设备量值溯源、期间核查、维护,编写仪器设备使用维护规程,制定仪器设备的校准和／或检定（验证）、确认的总体要求,完善仪器设备档案管理,确保管理体系持续有效运行。     

城市区域水污染物排放核查方法与案例研究

城市水污染物排放信息是城市水环境保护决策和管理的依据,但城市水污染控制的外部性使城市水污染物排放信息产生失真风险,需要对城市区域水污染物排放信息核查。通过高质量数据对低质量数据的核查,用基于监测的水污染物入河量数据核查基于环境统计申报与排污系数的水污染物入河量数据,完善了城市区域水污染物排放核查方法。案例分析结果显示,环境统计COD入河排放量明显偏小。建议水污染物排放统计以入河量为核心,建立入河排污口监测体系,编制核查技术规范,实施区域污染物排放核查。     

济南市重点污染源烟气在线监测控制系统的开发研究

介绍了济南市重点污染源烟气在线监测控制系统的开发研究工作。重点分析了被测锅炉的选取和监测点位的优选,监测项目和在线监测仪器优选,数据传输网络和监测控制软件的开发研究,烟气在线监测系统的验收方案等四个方面。对烟气在线监测工作的开展有较强的示范意义。     

Pathways and Kinetics on Photocatalytic Destruction of Aqueous Phenol

In this study, the TiO₂ photocatalytic decomposition process of aqueous phenol was investigated. The intermediate products generated in the elementary reaction steps in the mineralization process were experimentally identified as hydroquinone, catechol and hydroxyhydroquinone. The concentration variations of these intermediate products with time passage were traced by high performance liquid chromatograph. The pathways of the decomposition process were given. Based on Langmuir isothermal theory and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, the multi-compounds competition kinetic model was established. In this model, the observed time-dependent concentrations of phenol and the intermediate products were simulated.     

杭州西湖水体生态环境参数的相互关系

采用 2 0 0 0年的西湖常规监测数据 ,分析了西湖水体中生态环境特征参数的季节变化和相互关系。分析表明 ,西湖水体各生态环境参数 ,除总氮外 ,均呈现出明显的季节性变化 ,总磷、溶性正磷酸盐、叶绿素 a和藻类季节变化一致 ,在夏季形成高峰 ,冬季最低 ;三无机氮高峰值出现在冬季 ,夏季含量为全年最低。 2 0 0 0年西湖水体总氮年均值为 2 .0 5 m g/L ,总磷年均值为 0 .12 6mg/L ,N/P大于 16,西湖属于磷控制型富营养湖泊。通过相关分析 ,从另一方面说明磷是西湖水体的限制因子 ;硝酸盐对西湖沉积物和湖水之间的磷酸盐平衡有一定的影响 ;硝酸盐对西湖水体中浮游植物生长繁殖可能有抑制作用     

Guidance on choosing a measuring instrument for indoor particle pollution studies

The possibility of acquiring real-time concentration data is leading many indoor air quality and health researchers to the use of particle measuring instruments instead of the classic filtration approach. This paper summarizes a checklist of characteristics that have to be considered on the selection of such instruments and checks the compliance of three air monitoring devices suitable for environmental exposure researches. An evaluation table with desirable instrument technical, economic, and logistics characteristics was summarized in a checklist, and spec sheets of three air monitoring devices suitable for environmental exposure researches were checked. Technical, economic, and logistics aspects have to be considered. Suitability, measurement range, accuracy, resolution, and robustness are indispensable metrological characteristics. Only one instrument was in comply with it. A popular air monitoring device among environmental exposure researchers was checked and it failed the accuracy check. When selecting a particle measuring instrument, technical, economic, and logistics aspects have to be considered. Suitability, measurement range, accuracy, resolution, and robustness are indispensable metrological characteristics. When selecting an instrument for a study, a lack of information on the quality of results is a strong indication that it should not be considered, as study's response may be compromised.     

万峰湖总有机碳空间分布特征

于2012年9月对万峰湖(水库)的总有机碳(TOC)空间分布特征进行研究,结果显示:TOC含量范围为0.41~3.94 mg/L。TOC在纵向分布上的差异不显著,在垂向分布上,总体呈现出上层中层下层的趋势。TOC在垂向上的分布差异主要源于万峰湖属于深水水库,不同深度水层因光照和温度差异所导致生物量的多寡是致使万峰湖出现上层TOC浓度明显高于中层和下层的主要因素。     

Water quality in the Elbe estuary: Significance of different processes for the oxygen deficit at Hamburg

A simple zero‐dimensional model was developed which describes the oxygen concentrations and major nutrient processes in the tidal influenced Elbe estuary. The model was calibrated by way of comparison with continuous measurements of the oxygen‐ and chlorophyll concentrations at the non‐tidal part of the estuary. A special calibration method was applied which utilised the fact that natural steady‐state conditions are often found during which the range and the average value of the day–night fluctuations remain constant over a period of several days. Subsequent model runs were carried out to simulate the oxygen concentrations downstream, i.e., after a few days of transport time of the water body. The varying depth of the Elbe downstream of Hamburg harbour was taken into account by altering the model parameters ‘light penetration’ and ‘aeration’. The oxygen concentrations resulting from the model showed a distinct minimum, which agreed well with the minimum measured in longitudinal profiles, thus indicating that the occurrence of the oxygen minimum in the Elbe estuary can mainly be explained by the processes included in our simple model. Sensitivity checks identified some relationships, e.g., light intensity ? growth rate, which are critical for the oxygen balance. With this work it could be demonstrated that even simple zero‐dimensional models can improve our understanding of the complex interrelationship of different physical, chemical and biological processes in rivers and that such models can be used for simple scenarios in water quality management.     

浙江省环保重点城市SO 2 排放的控制模式

通过分析城市SO2 地面浓度来源 ,运用高、中、低架源对地面污染物浓度贡献的理论及高斯烟羽模式推出SO2空气质量管理模式 ,确定了城市SO2 地面环境质量的控制目标。     

乌鲁木齐市水上乐园沉积物中重金属污染调查

分析测定了水上乐园库底沉积物表层（煤灰层）、中层（粉土层）、底层（风化层）中Ｐｂ、Ｃｕ、Ｃｄ、Ｚｎ、Ｈｇ、Ａｓ６种元素含量，并对水上乐园沉积物中重金属污染状况进行评价。     

A Comprehensive Numerical Model Simulating Gas,Heat, and Moisture Transport in Sanitary Landfills and Methane Oxidation in Final Covers

A model to simulate gas, heat, and moisture transport through a sanitary landfill has been developed. The model not only considers the different processes that go on in a landfill but also the oxidation of methane in the final cover. The model was calibrated using published results and field data from a pilot scale landfill in Calgary. The model captures the physics of the different processes quite well. Simulations from the model show that waste permeability had a significant impact on the temperature, pressure distribution, and flux from a landfill. The presence of the final and intermediate covers enhanced the gas storage capacity of the landfill. Biodegradation of the waste was enhanced as the final cover minimized the atmospheric influences. In addition, the composition of landfill gas emitted to the atmosphere was significantly different from the composition of gas generated in landfill due to the presence of covers as some of the methane is oxidized to carbon dioxide. There was no significant benefit of using a final cover of higher depth. The presence and number of intermediate covers had an impact on gas flux and temperature distribution within a landfill.     

环境样品稀释方法的探讨

环境样品分析中，特别是污染源样品分析经常遇到样品浓度高于方法的检出范围。为此，根据不同分析项目的分析方法和质量控制的要求，研究和探讨了样品稀释可采用原始样品、中间样品和分析后样品进行稀释。稀释倍数可根据日常积累的基础资料推算、肉眼观察和简单试验的方法确定。探讨了稀释误差的来源及降低稀释误差的方法。