Occupational Safety and Health Status of Sanitation Workers in Urban Areas: A Pilot Study From Wuhan,China

Sanitation workers ‘ workload increases quickly with rapid urbanization, but there is almost no evidence or policy recommendations for their management in developing countries. This study describes the health status and occupational protection of sanitation workers; it also explores risk factors related to their health status in Wuhan City, China. Three hundred and eighty-five sanitation workers from 54 streets of Wuhan were surveyed. Their prevalence of 2-week illness and arthritis was relatively higher than in the general population in China. Findings related to occupational protection showed that both sanitation workers (users) and their managers (providers) neglected the role of low-cost protection measures, especially masks, soap/hand sani-tizer and prejob training (use rate of 7.27%, 26.75% and 43.64%, respectively). High-intensity workload was an important risk factor for 2-week illness, and prejob training was an important protective factor against arthritis.     

中小企业职业危害现状及对策

目前我国的职业病统计以大中型企业为主,小企业和私人企业作为职业病高发场所则缺乏有效监管.通过对600余家各类中小企业进行调查,根据各行业存在的主要职业有害因素,分析了中小企业职业危害现状以及企业的职业安全与健康管理体系建设情况,并提出了相应的改进措施.     

An Ergonomics Study of a Semiconductors Factory in an IDC for Improvement in Occupational Health and Safety

The study aimed to conduct an ergonomic intervention on a conventional line (CL) in a semiconductor factory in Malaysia, an industrially developing country (IDC), to improve workers’ occupational health and safety (OHS). Low-cost and simple (LCS) ergonomics methods were used (suitable for IDCs), e.g., subjective assessment, direct observation, use of archival data and assessment of noise. It was found that workers were facing noise irritation, neck and back pains and headache in the various processes in the CL. LCS ergonomic interventions to rectify the problems included installing noise insulating covers, providing earplugs, installing elevated platforms, slanting visual display terminals and installing extra exhaust fans. The interventions cost less than 3 000 USD but they significantly improved workers’ OHS, which directly correlated with an improvement in working conditions and job satisfaction. The findings are useful in solving OHS problems in electronics industries in IDCs as they share similar manufacturing processes, problems and limitations.     

建筑行业农民工的职业安全健康现状及对策

通过分析现阶段我国建筑行业农民工的常见职业性伤害事故以及职业安全健康现状,从教育、技术、监管3个方面提出了引导农民工学会利用法律、通过合法渠道维护自身权益;改善农民工的就业环境,加强个体防护,讲究文明礼貌,遵守职业行为准则,培养科学、文明、健康的生活方式等具体措施,为农村富余劳动力转移提供更多的就业机会,增加农民收入促进城乡经济协调发展,保障建筑行业农民工的职业安全健康提供科学依据.     

Working Life Across Cultures: “Work Life 2000: Quality in Work” and Occupational Health Education in Developing Countries

The article reflects on the changing world of work, and the challenges presented to both occupational health and occupational health education. We draw on the 63 preparatory workshops and the international conference in the “Work Life 2000: Quality in Work” program, an initiative of the Swedish Presidency of the European Union. The International Commission on Occupational Health is introduced, with particular concentration on a current practical project initiated by the Department of Health in South Africa, intended to lead to a set of projects, networking for occupational health education in developing countries. The practical initiatives cast light on a new set of issues that arise when occupational health and safety crosses cultural barriers, and previously separate comparative cases are linked.     

安全评价在中小企业现代安全管理中的运用

通过对我国中小企业安全生产现状的分析，依据安全学基本原理，提出了适用于中小企业的安全评价方法，为企业的现代安全管理提供参考。     

实施新职业健康安全管理体系标准的研究

新的OHSAS18001职业健康安全管理体系标准已发布实施,对于已经通过职业健康安全管体系认证的企业,如何全面正确地掌握新标准,如何按照新标准的要求对职业健康安全管理体系升级换版,是企业面临的紧迫而又无法回避的问题。该文对新标准进行了全面的研究,包括:对新标准在理念上的变化、在术语和定义上的变化和在内容上的变化,总结了新标准的特点,为企业按照新标准对职业健康安全管理体系进行升级换版进行了策划和指导。为已建立职业健康安全管理体系的企业感悟新理念、理解新标准、修订旧文件、运行新体系、取得新绩效,最终实现职业健康安全管理体系的持续改进。     

以专项内审方式解决OHSMS运行中的问题

根据目前OHSMS实际运行中遇到的问题,提出了以专项内审方式加以解决的方法,在实际应用中取得了较好的效果。     

中小企业劳资双方职业安全保障博弈研究

为寻求打破中小企业(SMEs)职业安全供求双低均衡状态的途径,提高SMEs职业安全保障水平,采用动态博弈方法分析SMEs劳资双方职业安全行为选择.首先,构建职业安全保障博弈模型,并进行均衡策略分析.其次,将安全管制因素引入博弈模型进行对比分析.结果表明:“低风险工资,加盟”是该模型的纯策略纳什均衡;政府安全管制因素的引入对自然选择概率和员工加盟企业的概率产生有益影响,对企业隐瞒概率的影响取决于对被隐瞒员工进行的补偿.通过提高隐瞒成本、安全投入产出比、低风险工资、员工职业伤害认知和安全管制力度等可以提高SMEs职业安全保障水平.     

2006年促进职业安全与健康框架公约和建议书介绍及相关问题探讨

《2006年促进职业安全与健康框架公约》(C187,2006)和《职业安全与健康框架建议书》(R197,2006)的公布是为了进一步减少全球发生的大量职业性伤病和死亡,保护工人免受因就业而引发的病患和伤害,降低职业性伤病和死亡对劳动生产率和经济与社会发展的负面影响。本文对《公约》及《建议书》的主要内容,包括《公约》中的定义、《公约》制定的目标、国家政策、国家制度、国家计划等进行了详细的介绍和分析,以期继续推广预防性安全健康文化建设。     

全面质量管理在企业安全管理中的地位与作用

在分析20世纪灾害致灾规律的基础之上，以国际标准化组织制定的ISO9000标准为基础，从质量、环境、职业安全卫生的角度出发，阐述了全面质量管理在企业安全管理中的地位与作用。     

Workers’ Involvement—A Missing Component in the Implementation of Occupational Safety and Health Management Systems in Enterprises

Effective implementation of occupational safety and health (OSH) legislation based on European Union directives requires promotion of OSH management systems ( OSH MS). To this end, voluntary Polish standards (PN-N-18000) have been adopted, setting forth OSH MS specifications and guidelines. However, the number of enterprises implementing OSH MS has increased slowly, falling short of expectations, which call for a new national policy on OSH MS promotion. To develop a national policy in this area, a survey was conducted in 40 enterprises with OSH MS in place. The survey was aimed at identifying motivational factors underlying OSH MS implementation decisions. Specifically, workers’ and their representatives’ involvement in OSH MS implementation was investigated. The results showed that the level of workers ‘ involvement was relatively low, which may result in a low effectiveness of those systems. The same result also applies to the involvement of workers’ representatives and that of trade unions.     

北京市职业安全健康重点实验室模式探究

为进一步提升北京市科技攻关能力,推进北京市科技创新体系建设,由北京市劳动保护科学研究所牵头,联合有关单位共同申请的《北京市职业安全健康重点实验室》,将成为北京市首个多方合作、优势互补、强强联合的典范。该实验室对于全面提升我国和北京市职业安全健康科技创新能力,加快科研成果的转化和培养新型复合型职业安健康领域的科研人才,以及在引领相关领域科研模式创新发展等方面将发挥重要的作用。     

《废气治理环保项目劳动安全卫生设计专篇》编写要求

强调了劳动安全卫生设计的重要性,就《废气治理环保项目劳动安全卫生设计专篇》的编写方法进行了说明。指出了环保项目中常见的危险危害因素,并提出相应的防范技术措施。     

阿舍勒铜业职业安全健康管理模式构建与应用

为提高矿山企业职业安全健康管理水平,在分析职业安全健康管理要素及理论的基础上,提出一种以安全文化、组织保障、行为管控、科技支撑为核心要素的安全健康管理模式,并阐明其运行机制。依据安全健康管理模式理论架构,结合阿舍勒铜业职业安全健康管理的具体实际,构建“双十三三”职业安全健康管理模式,并以该企业的应用实践为例,验证模式的有效性。结果表明:“双十三三”职业安全健康管理模式以“十字箴言”为基底、“十项准则”为支撑,以“三大体系”“三化建设”“三全管理”为核心内容,形成一套统一、标准的话语体系,具有高度的概括性、科学性、可行性、可推广性,能够为推动矿山企业职业安全健康管理发展献智献力。     

发达国家农业安全管理现状分析及对我国的启示

我国正处于农业快速发展的新时期,需要借鉴发达国家经验,提高农业安全监管能力,促进农业生产安全水平提升。本文对美国、澳大利亚、英国、日本等各国近20年农业产业职业安全健康水平进行分析,从立法、监管范围、监管机制、教育培训等方面梳理其职业安全健康工作,同时剖析其农业安全管理经验和存在的主要问题,以此从法规标准、监管体制、基础建设、教育培训等方面提出优化提升我国农业安全生产工作的意见建议。