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1.
    
The purpose of this study was to develop a model for an integrated estimation of the functional state of the human organism (FSHO) and an integral estimation of physical factors (PF) for hygienic rating. Tests were performed twice with 3 men in 0.7-clo clothing during 4-hr mental work with 9 combinations of 4 PF: wideband noise (55–83 dB(A)), whole-body vibration (6 Hz, az = 0.2–1.8 ms?2), air temperature (18–30 °C), and illumination (1, 3, 5 lx). Thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and psychophysiological reactions and temporary threshold of hearing (TTS2) shifts were studied. For the integral estimation of PF influence on FSHO the model F(y1, y2, ... ym) = f(x1, x2, ... xn) was used, relating both FSHO and PF sets. The most important physiological parameters in creating FSHO are defined and the contribution of individual parameters of FSHO and PF is found.  相似文献   

2.
为了研究噪声对建筑施工人员作业疲劳的影响,设计噪声作业生理实验。先通过建筑施工作业疲劳分析确定疲劳测量生理指标,再通过施工作业现场噪声测量确定实验中作业环境噪声等级分类。根据实验中被试者心率指标变化率及作业疲劳自我评价量表对噪声作业疲劳程度影响进行分析,结果表明,施工人员作业疲劳受噪声影响;持续作业15min后噪声对施工人员作业疲劳程度影响显著;作业疲劳程度与作业环境中噪声值成正相关关系;施工人员作业后疲劳恢复程度不受作业环境噪声值大小影响。  相似文献   

3.
工作环境压力源对煤矿工人反生产行为和安全的影响   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
为减少煤矿工人因工作压力而产生的不安全行为,进一步预防安全事故的发生,采用问卷调查的方法,探讨工作环境压力源(即物理环境和工作危险)对煤矿工人反生产行为(CWB)和安全的影响,以及一般自我效能感的调节作用.研究共收取有效样本250份.分析表明:工作危险对于煤矿工人的针对组织和针对个人的反生产行为均呈显著正相关;工作危险与受伤呈显著正相关;就工作危险与工人受伤次数间的关系而言,一般自我效能感有调节作用.研究结果表明,煤矿企业可通过减少危险源、开展提升员工自我效能感的培训等措施,来削弱工作环境因素对员工安全生产行为的消极影响.  相似文献   

4.
5.
    
Psychological ownership is increasingly recognized as a core feeling in the experience of work. Within jobs and the work context, there is a wide range of opportunities to experience psychological ownership. Yet empirical work on how feelings of ownership develop is lacking, and thus ways to develop psychological ownership in the workplace are not well understood. We explore the routes traveled to feelings of ownership by using job complexity as one example of work environment structure that affects the formation of psychological ownership. In two studies, we develop measures of the routes and confirm that perceived differences in one's work meaningfully predict psychological ownership. Collectively, the two studies provide insight into and offer suggestions for how ownership develops and ways in which managers might foster employee feelings of ownership toward their work. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

6.
    
《组织行为杂志》2017,38(8):1260-1279
Although research has established that it is often difficult for individuals engaged in dirty work to adjust to stigma and the attributes giving rise to stigma, little theory or empirical work addresses how managers may help workers adjust to dirty work. Interviews with managers across 18 dirty work occupations—physically tainted (e.g., animal control), socially tainted (e.g., corrections), and morally tainted (e.g., exotic entertainment)—indicate that managers engage in “congruence work”: behaviors, sensemaking, and sensegiving that they perceive as helping individuals adjust and develop a stronger sense of person–environment fit. Specifically, congruence work focuses on 3 phases of managerial practices that correspond to individuals' growing experience in the occupation. First, recruitment/selection involves overcoming individuals' aversion to dirty work by selecting individuals with an affinity for the work and providing a realistic stigma preview. Second, socialization involves helping newcomers adjust to distasteful tasks and to stigma by using targeted divestiture, developing perspective taking, helping newcomers manage external relationships, and utilizing desensitization or immersion. Third, ongoing management roles involve cementing individuals' fit by fostering social validation, protecting workers from dirty work hazards, and negotiating the frontstage/backstage boundary. The practices identified as congruence work highlight the important role that managers can play in facilitating adjustment for both “dirty workers” and presumably their less stigmatized counterparts.  相似文献   

7.
    
An ergonomics and safety model to assess and evaluate the most critical industrial improvement areas in a developing nation. This study was initiated and supported by a Fortune 500 Corporation interested in improving its global operations in developing nations. This initiative was also fully supported by an emerging nation that was concerned with its ergonomics and safety problems. The model was tested and validated in the emerging nation and the results were used to further enhance the model so that it can be implemented and adapted to other similar work environments. The model provides a practical methodology that analyzes and evaluates an emerging nation’s current work environments, suggests practical solutions, and recommends effective remedies.  相似文献   

8.
This paper presents a study in which the main objective was to investigate the combined effect of noise and vibration on the performance of a readability task in a mobile driving environment. Subjects performed a readability task on a laptop computer in a sitting posture with their backs supported with a backrest under varying levels of noise and vibration. The data in terms of the mean number of characters read per minute were collected and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the individual effect of noise, vibration, and the operators’ gender as well as the interaction between gender and noise, and gender and vibration were statistically significant. However, the combined effect of noise and vibration was not found to be statistically significant. Results also indicated that gender was statistically significant at all levels of noise as well as vibration, and noise and vibration were statistically significant at both levels of gender.  相似文献   

9.
    
The aim of this work is to evaluate and describe the current status of, and prospects for, the future of occupational hygiene in Finland. The main sources of information include a seminar held in the annual meeting of Finnish Occupational Hygiene Society and interviews with different stakeholders. Nanotechnology and other new materials, changing work environments, circular economy including green jobs, new medical methods and advances of construction methods were recognized as future challenges. Future work opportunities for occupational hygiene experts included exposure assessments in indoor air surveys, private consulting and entrepreneurship in general, international activities and product safety issues. Unclear topics needing more attention in the future were thought to be in new exposures, sensitive persons, combined effects, skin exposures and applicability of personal protective equipment. Occupational hygiene should broaden its view; occupational hygienists should have to cooperate with other specialists and grasp new challenges.  相似文献   

10.
    
This qualitative study investigates attitudes toward elderly workers and their work situation in different sectors, and explores perceptions and organizational measures that can enable an extended working life. Previous age management studies indicate that there are several interconnected measures and key areas of importance, and that there is a general need for strategies to strengthen sustainable age management at the organizational level. A structured content analysis was used to analyze data from focus group interviews with informants from a variety of organizations. The study identified three themes that highlight attitudes and perceptions of integrated age management practices: (a) contemporary policies and practices in the work environment; (b) social participation and attitudes; (c) experience and mentorship. These themes can form the basis of a good approach to an integrated age management strategy. Such a strategy can be achieved through intervention studies where research on sustainable working life meets the real problems faced by employees and managers.  相似文献   

11.
多风机多级机站通风网络的状态估计   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用计算机实现矿井通风系统优化管理和自动控制,必须具有相应的硬件基础,即需要一定数量的遥控检测装置,实时检测出系统运行中的部分状态变量的值,并传送到控制中心,作为计算机决策的依据。本文提出了利用加权最小二乘状态估计器对矿井通风系统进行静态状态估计以及对检测量中出现的错误数据进行识别、纠正的方法。利用该算法对一个中等规模的实际矿井通风系统进行了计算机的仿真计算,获得了满意的结果。  相似文献   

12.
利用O_3、PM_(2.5)监测数据、紫外辐射观测数据及气象观测资料,结合WRF模式模拟的大气环境背景场,分析了2014年9月3—8日北京一次近地层O_3与PM_(2.5)复合污染过程。结果表明,O_3和PM_(2.5)出现高质量浓度污染与大陆高压和副热带高压系统的相继持续控制有关,较强的紫外辐射及高压形成的下沉气流是造成边界层复合污染,尤其是O_3污染的主要原因。此次复合污染过程中,O_3于9月4—7日连续4 d超标,PM_(2.5)于9月5—7日连续3 d超标。造成这一现象的原因为:受大陆高压和副高的持续高压影响,北京地区天气晴朗、紫外辐射较强,地面风场较弱,700 h Pa以下持续存在下沉气流,O_3日均质量浓度逐日上升,于9月5日先到达峰值,同时PM_(2.5)日均质量浓度逐日升高;6日在副高西部边缘偏南暖湿气流输送及形成的平流逆温作用下,PM_(2.5)质量浓度突增,削弱了太阳紫外辐射强度,O_3质量浓度开始下降。此后,在低压槽作用下PM_(2.5)质量浓度增到峰值,O_3质量浓度保持下降趋势。9月5—7日形成了3 d的O_3与PM_(2.5)复合污染事件。  相似文献   

13.
信息网络的安全已成为目前企业至关重要的问题,防火墙技术是保护企业信息安全中最基本、最成熟的一种.本文简要介绍了防火墙的主要技术、防火墙体系结构,并对防火墙的选择方案提出了建议.  相似文献   

14.
为实现智能电网中虚假数据注入攻击的实时检测,提高电力系统运行的安全性,采用1种基于时序近邻保持嵌入的方法,对正常状态下采集到的电网历史量测数据建立离线模型,得到T2统计限,将实时数据通过模型获得的T2统计量与离线模型的统计限进行对比,若超过统计限,则说明存在虚假数据注入攻击.该方法在提取局部空间结构特征的基础上,可同时...  相似文献   

15.
为了研究交通环境中NOX浓度和噪声的相关性 ,探索一种更为简洁的环境监测手段解决城市道路交通环境问题 ,在和兴路上沿道路横断面布点 ,对NOX浓度和噪声进行监测。实验表明 ,在交通环境中 ,对于同一点不同时刻的NOX浓度和噪声值有一定的相关性 ,而对同一时刻不同点则无明显的相关性。  相似文献   

16.
    
This study investigated the effects of multiple cognitive tasks on human performance. Twenty-four students at North Carolina A&;T State University participated in the study. The primary task was auditory signal change perception and the secondary task was a computational task. Results showed that participants' performance in a single task was statistically significantly different from their performance in combined tasks: (a) algebra problems (algebra problem primary and auditory perception secondary); (b) auditory perception tasks (auditory perception primary and algebra problems secondary); and (c) mean false-alarm score in auditory perception (auditory detection primary and algebra problems secondary). Using signal detection theory (SDT), participants' performance measured in terms of sensitivity was calculated as ?0.54 for combined tasks (algebra problems the primary task) and ?0.53 auditory perceptions the primary task. During auditory perception tasks alone, SDT was found to be 2.51. Performance was 83% in a single task compared to 17% when combined tasks.  相似文献   

17.
针对沿海城市安全生产事故孕灾环境体系的构建问题,将孕灾环境理论拓展到安全生产事故,全面分析沿海城市的安全生产事故孕灾环境因素,建立沿海城市安全生产风险评价指标体系。通过相关性分析,剔除信息重复指标,保留包括自然因素、技术因素、人类因素在内的27个指标,并以某沿海县为例进行实例探讨。结果表明:该县各区域安全生产风险等级总体处于中等到中下段,风险分布从中心城区向外呈辐射递减趋势,并且沿海区高于内陆,这是由于沿海地区大力发展港口工业的结果,该评价对于沿海城市安全生产事故风险评价具有一定的参考价值。  相似文献   

18.
随着经济的发展,人们对于安全,包括工作环境的安全的要求越来越高.目前对工作环境安全性的评价,一是采用定性的方法,二是依靠历史统计数据,对危险性进行量化.主要对象是人机环境中机的因素.本文利用实验心理学的有关理论,尝试通过人对环境的生理、心理反应建立评价工作环境安全性的方法.该方法应用于竹脚手架、金属脚手架的安全性比较研究的实验,分析结果显示它能够较客观地评价工作环境的安全程度.  相似文献   

19.
    
Work design research typically views employee work characteristics as being primarily determined by the work environment and has thus paid less attention to the possibility that the person may also influence employee work characteristics and in turn accounts for the work characteristics–well‐being relationships through selection. Challenging this conventional view, we investigated the role of a fundamental individual difference variable—people's genetic makeup—in affecting work characteristics (i.e., job demands, job control, social support at work, and job complexity) and in explaining why work characteristics relate to subjective and physical well‐being. Our findings based on a national US twin sample show sizable genetic influences on job demands, job control, and job complexity, but not on social support at work. Such genetic influences were partly attributed to genetic factors associated with core self‐evaluations. Both genetic and environmental influences accounted for the relationships between work characteristics and well‐being, but to varying degrees. The results underscore the importance of the person, in addition to the work environment, in influencing employee work characteristics and explaining the underlying nature of the relationships between employee work characteristics and their well‐being. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

20.
Unsafe behavior is a leading factor in accidents, and the working environment significantly affects behaviors. However, few studies have focused on detailed mechanisms for addressing unsafe behaviors resulting from environmental constraints. This study aims to delineate these mechanisms using cognitive work analysis (CWA) for an elevator installation case study. Elevator installation was selected for study because it involves operations at heights: falls from heights remain a major cause of construction worker mortality. This study adopts a mixed research approach based on three research methodology stages. This research deconstructs the details of the working environment, the workers’ decision-making processes, the strategies chosen given environmental conditions and the conceptual model for workers’ behaviors, which jointly depict environment–behavior mechanisms at length. By applying CWA to the construction industry, environmental constraints can easily be identified, and targeted engineering suggestions can be generated.  相似文献   

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