Office人员的加班管理

加班管理是企业工时管理中的基本问题，如何管理企业office人员的加班问题，是其中最容易使劳资双方产生矛盾的一个重要环节。我国《劳动法》明确规定，企业安排劳动者加班应支付加班工资。但实践中，出于种种原因，企业往往不为高管、白领等office人员支付加班工资，由此引发的争议屡见不鲜。那么，企业究竟应当如何管理office人员的加班问题？如何建立office人员的加班制度？如何控制因支付加班费所带来的成本增加？本期圆桌我们将与嘉宾一起讨论这一话题。[编者按]     

Sitting Comfort of Ergonomic Office Chairs—Developed Versus Intuitive Evaluation

The sitting comfort of office chairs with different ergonomic layouts (inferior, superior) was examined. Fifty participants were randomly assigned to a 2 × 5 factorial experimental design with 2 different conditions of ergonomic chair layout (inferior or superior) and 5 different conditions of instruction to explore the chair. Four conditions were created to differentiate between various levels of perceptual awareness and processing of chair-related information (guided exploration and developed evaluation). In a 5th condition, participants remained uninstructed (free exploration and intuitive exploration). Under guided exploration, the participants’ perception of sitting comfort was in line with objective differences in the chair layout. Different conditions of guided exploration, however, did not influence the evaluations. Under free exploration, the participants’ perceptions did not match the ergonomic chair layout. In contrast to participants under guided exploration, they even rated the ergonomically inferior office chair more favourably than the ergonomically superior chair.     

Visual Basic在数字林业系统中二次开发地理信息系统

在当今信息时代，林业安全管理要实现数字林业系统必须由3S技术作为支持。本文主要介绍用VisualBasic二次开发地理信息系统（GIS）管理软件ArcInfo，实现林业各地理要素的显示漫游和查询等功能。     

“Hypersensitivity to Electricity” in the Office; Symptoms and Improvement

Nineteen persons “hypersensitive” to electricity and 20 nonafflicted persons were studied for 1 ½ years. The most discernible hypersensitivity symptoms were pricking sensations and redness in the face, but these symptoms were present in only half of the afflicted. Other symptoms were similar to symptoms experienced during office work and this study does not support the idea that electrosensitivity is one single syndrome. The “hypersensitive” persons improved significantly, mainly on neuropsychiatric symptoms, but the skin problems sustained— as did the belief about their cause. The afflicted persons used less conventional medication than the group of the nonafflicted, which suggests a general tendency for attribution to environmental factors.     

基于Visual Studio的矿井通风井巷网络断面优化研究

根据通风系统优化思想与节能理论,对通风井巷网络断面优化进行研究,选择合理的通风井巷费用拟合方程和摩擦阻力系数拟合方程,并依据分阶段动态优化思想建立完整的通风井巷综合费用模型.在Visual Studio环境下编制模型的解算程序,通过搜索解决复杂的迭代计算过程并得出使总费用最低的通风井巷网络最优断面,用数学方法最大限度地提高通风井巷的利用价值.     

Using Sound to Reduce Visual Distraction from In-vehicle Human–Machine Interfaces

Objective: Driver distraction and inattention are the main causes of accidents. The fact that devices such as navigation displays and media players are part of the distraction problem has led to the formulation of guidelines advocating various means for minimizing the visual distraction from such interfaces. However, although design guidelines and recommendations are followed, certain interface interactions, such as menu browsing, still require off-road visual attention that increases crash risk. In this article, we investigate whether adding sound to an in-vehicle user interface can provide the support necessary to create a significant reduction in glances toward a visual display when browsing menus.

Methods: Two sound concepts were developed and studied; spearcons (time-compressed speech sounds) and earcons (musical sounds). A simulator study was conducted in which 14 participants between the ages of 36 and 59 took part. Participants performed 6 different interface tasks while driving along a highway route. A 3 × 6 within-group factorial design was employed with sound (no sound /earcons/spearcons) and task (6 different task types) as factors. Eye glances and corresponding measures were recorded using a head-mounted eye tracker. Participants’ self-assessed driving performance was also collected after each task with a 10-point scale ranging from 1 = very bad to 10 = very good. Separate analyses of variance (ANOVAs) were conducted for different eye glance measures and self-rated driving performance.

Results: It was found that the added spearcon sounds significantly reduced total glance time as well as number of glances while retaining task time as compared to the baseline (= no sound) condition (total glance time M = 4.15 for spearcons vs. M = 7.56 for baseline, p =.03). The earcon sounds did not result in such distraction-reducing effects. Furthermore, participants ratings of their driving performance were statistically significantly higher in the spearcon conditions compared to the baseline and earcon conditions (M = 7.08 vs. M = 6.05 and M = 5.99 respectively, p =.035 and p =.002).

Conclusions: The spearcon sounds seem to efficiently reduce visual distraction, whereas the earcon sounds did not reduce distraction measures or increase subjective driving performance. An aspect that must be further investigated is how well spearcons and other types of auditory displays are accepted by drivers in general and how they work in real traffic.     

基于Visual Basic语言下电动单梁起重机强度校核软件设计开发

由于我国在电动单梁起重机截面尺寸方面没有统一的标准，在检验过程中经常发现同样型号规格的电动单梁起重机，不同制造厂的截面尺寸各不相同，这就给检验带来了难题。如何在检验现场就能够通过量取截面尺寸，计算其强度和刚度是否达到相关标准要求，就显得极为迫切。本文正是从这一目的出发，通过Visual Basic语言。编写了一个电动单梁起重机强度校核软件，能够让检验员在检验现场通过笔记本电脑运行，来判定该起重机强度和刚度是否符合要求。     

基于Visual C++数值分析优化设计肋片管换热器的研究

利用Visual C++编程对正三角形排列换热管的环肋换热问题进行了数值分析.对相同结构的环肋换热器,分析烟气温度、烟气流速、进口水温和水流速度4个参数对换热量和热阻因子的影响.结果表明,烟气的温度低、流速大,进水温度低、流速大对传热不可逆损失较小;当烟气温度高、流速大,进水温度低、流速大时,换热量较大.     

Speech by Ms.Constance Thomas,Director of ILO Beijing Office at the opening ceremony of Shanghai International Seminaron Safety Equipment Market

Distinguished Vice Mayor,Vice-Administrator,Respected Guests,Ladies and Gentlemen,It is a great honour for me to address theopening ceremony of the Shanghai Interna-tional Seminar on Safety Equipment Market.     

Interview with Mr. Djankou Ndjonkou, Director of ILO Beijing Office and Vice-Chairman of the Organizing Committee of China International Forum on Work Safety

Question 1: Why does the ILO co-sponsor the Forum with the SAWS? Answers: OSH is an important issue in China with rapid industrialization and economic restructuring. There are many major accidents happening in China. The Forum is one of the initiatives of the SAWS for improving the situation, As you know, OSH is     

Effects of Ergorest® Arm Supports on Muscle Strain and Wrist Positions During the Use of the Mouse and Keyboard in Work With Visual Display Units: A Work Site Intervention

The effects of Ergorest^® arm supports on wrist angles and musculoskeletal strain in the neck-shoulder-arm region and electrical activity in the shoulder and arm muscles were studied during typing or the use of the mouse in work with a visual display unit (VDU). Twenty-one women were randomized into 3 groups (1 arm support, 2 arm supports, and control). Measurements were carried out before and after the 6-week intervention. The wrist extension of the mouse hand, the muscle activity of the trapezius muscle, and the subjective discomfort ratings indicated that 2 arm supports were better than 1 in work with a mouse. The Ergorest^® arm support alleviates muscle and joint strain in VDU work when used for both arms.