校园再生水回用工程设计

采用A2/O及深度处理工艺处理校园生活污水,再生水回用于校园人工湖补水和杂用。工程造价少,运行费低,运行出水同时达到景观用水和杂用水水质标准。     

上流式厌氧污泥床反应器处理丙丁废醪液试验研究

介绍上流式厌氧污泥床反应器装置用于处理丙丁废醪液的试验,装置结构简单,工艺流程短,处理负荷较高,COD去除率在90％以上。运行费用低,且能回收能源(沼气),在处理高浓度有机废水方面有广阔的前景。     

电厂中水回用工程设计与分析

介绍了山西某电厂中水回用工程的工艺流程及设计参数.该工程采用机械加速澄清池、D型滤池、二氧化氯消毒工艺处理污水处理厂二级出水,出水作为补给水供给电厂循环冷却系统.运行结果表明,该工艺设计合理,出水各项指标均能满足回用要求；建设和运行费用低,为类似中水回用工程的设计与运行提供参考.     

低温对MBBR、SBR深度处理废水出水水质的影响

比较了低温和常温下移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)与 SBR 深度处理低浓度废水的出水水质,研究了低温对反应器出水 COD、运行温度、DO、出水 pH、出水蛋白质质量浓度的影响.实验结果表明:相同曝气和环境温度条件下,MBBR 比 SBR 的运行温度高 0.5-1.5 ℃,受环境温度影响更小;与常温相比,低温反应器内 D...     

规模化生态养殖实用案例分析及节能减排措施

规模化生态养殖是利用一定的技术和管理方法,将养殖场废物经过处理后成为资源,用于能源和农作物种植,既减少了污染物的排放,也实现了可持续发展。通过对天津某规模化生态养殖企业进行实际调查,发现将畜禽粪便等废弃物通过厌氧发酵后可形成沼气和沼液,沼气利用于场内采暖、供电,沼液用于农作物种植。     

IC反应器处理MTO废水的中试研究

中试研究了内循环(IC)反应器处理甲醇制烯烃(MTO)废水的启动和运行过程,同时考察了颗粒污泥的性状及沼气产量的变化情况。试验过程运行稳定,系统抗冲击性强。以絮状污泥为接种污泥,经过131 d的启动和运行,IC反应器的COD去除负荷可达10 kg/(m~3·d)以上,COD去除率可达90%以上。IC反应器中的成熟颗粒污泥形状规则、密实、粒径大、沉降速率快。IC反应器的沼气产量符合理论预期。     

臭氧-活性污泥法深度处理己内酰胺生产废水

采用臭氧-活性污泥法深度处理己内酰胺生产废水。实验结果表明,当臭氧加入量60 mg/L、HRT=24 h时,出水COD=54.7 mg/L、出水ρ(NH3-N)=2.0 mg/L,出水达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准。比较了臭氧氧化法、臭氧-H2O2高级氧化法和臭氧-活性污泥法3种深度处理方法的运行成本,其中臭氧-活性污泥法运行成本最低,为1.650元/t,且该方法运行稳定性高、操作简单,是3种深度处理方法中的最优方法。     

臭氧-活性污泥法深度处理己内酰胺生产废水

采用臭氧-活性污泥法深度处理己内酰胺生产废水。实验结果表明,当臭氧加入量60 mg/L、HRT=24 h时,出水COD=54.7 mg/L、出水ρ（NH₃-N）=2.0 mg/L,出水达到GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》中的一级排放标准。比较了臭氧氧化法、臭氧-H₂O₂高级氧化法和臭氧-活性污泥法3种深度处理方法的运行成本,其中臭氧-活性污泥法运行成本最低,为1.650 元/t,且该方法运行稳定性高、操作简单,是3种深度处理方法中的最优方法。     

固定化厌氧微生物多孔囊状聚酰胺载体的研制

采用界面聚合方法制备出固定化厌氧微生物多孔囊状聚酰胺载体。该载体壁薄,内外表面粗糙多孔,具有典型的囊状空间、较高的孔体积和比表面积。将该载体用于厌氧法处理人工合成废水,同一时间的沼气产量高于使用基体型多孔聚合物载体和未使用载体时的沼气产量,在3种情况下的36d累积沼气产量分别为1430,1210,875mL。使用电子扫描电镜观察固定化微生物载体,发现有大量的厌氧菌群生长在载体内外表面。实验结果表明,该载体固定厌氧微生物的性能良好。     

生物膜法处理化工废水的研究

本文论述了采用生物流化床与接触氧化池串联流程,用于化工废水的处理,兼备生物流化床处理负荷高及接触氧化法处理出水水质好的双重特点,既提高了总的体积负荷,又保证了出水水质。     

Efficiency of the anaerobic treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste: collection and pretreatment.

This report is based on several years of co-operation between our research groups and Danish biogas plants. Throughout the years, there has been a fruitful exchange of know-how and experiences in laboratory scale on the one hand and large scale on the other, leading to a better understanding of the principles of the anaerobic digestion process and to an optimization of its large-scale implementation. In order to get an overview of the current situation concerning the treatment of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) in Denmark, interviews were carried out with operators of the biogas plants where OFMSW is treated and the municipality staff responsible for waste management. With the aim of fulfilling the governmental goal to treat 150,000 tons of OFMSW by the year 2004 mainly by anaerobic digestion, the different municipalities are investigating different concepts of waste collection and treatment. The quality of the OFMSW treated is the key to smooth operation of the biogas process including a high biogas yield and production of an effluent that is feasible for use as fertilizer on agricultural land. Comparison of the different concepts leads to the conclusion that source-sorting of OFMSW in paper bags is preferable to collection in plastic bags and successive separation of plastics in a waste processing treatment plant.     

Anaerobic treatment of effluents from an industrial polymers synthesis plant

The feasibility of the anaerobic treatment of an industrial polymer synthesis plant effluent was evaluated. The composition of the wastewater includes acrylates, styrene, detergents, a minor amount of silicates and a significant amount of ferric chloride. The average chemical oxygen demand (COD) corresponding is about 2000 mg/l. The anaerobic biodegradability of the effluent is shown and the toxicity effect on the populations of anaerobic bacteria is evaluated. The results of the anaerobic biodegradation assays show that 62% of the wastewater compounds, measured as COD, could be consumed. An upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was used in the evaluation, it has a diameter–height ratio of 1:7, and 4-liter volume. The inoculum was obtained from a UASB pilot plant that treats brewery wastewaters. At the beginning of the operation, the biomass showed an anaerobic activity of 0.58 gCOD/(gVSS×d), it decreased only 2.5% in the subsequent 4 months. After 35 days of continuous operation, the reactor was operated at different steady states for 140 days. The COD was maintained at 2200 mg/l in the feed. The results were: organic loading rate (OLR): 4.3 kg COD/(m³×d), hydraulic retention time: 12 h, superficial velocity: 1 m/h, average biogas productivity: 290 L CH₄/kg COD fed, biogas composition: 70–75% methane and a COD removal percentage >75%. ©     

Two-phase anaerobic digestion within a solid waste/wastewater integrated management system

A two-phase, wet anaerobic digestion process was tested at laboratory scale using mechanically pre-treated municipal solid waste (MSW) as the substrate. The proposed process scheme differs from others due to the integration of the MSW and wastewater treatment cycles, which makes it possible to avoid the recirculation of process effluent. The results obtained show that the supplying of facultative biomass, drawn from the wastewater aeration tank, to the solid waste acidogenic reactor allows an improvement of the performance of the first phase of the process which is positively reflected on the second one. The proposed process performed successfully, adopting mesophilic conditions and a relatively short hydraulic retention time in the methanogenic reactor, as well as high values of organic loading rate. Significant VS removal efficiency and biogas production were achieved. Moreover, the methanogenic reactor quickly reached optimal conditions for a stable methanogenic phase. Studies conducted elsewhere also confirm the feasibility of integrating the treatment of the organic fraction of MSW with that of wastewater.     

石灰-聚铁法处理硫酸厂废水的研究

对各种处理硫酸厂废水的方法者了探讨,选择了以百石灰和聚合硫酸铁为药剂去除废水中砷,硫等污染物的方法。该法工艺简单,混凝剂投加量少,运行费用低,处理后的废水可达到排放标准。     

Methane generation from corncobs treated with xylanolytic consortia

Consortia were developed for the treatment of corncobs for use as a feedstock in a biogas fermentor. The treatment of corncobs with xylanolytic consortia enhanced the production of methane and biogas. All five consortia developed produced the maximum biogas and methane at a 6% loading rate and 20 days hydraulic retention time (HRT). The maximum biogas yield of 0.59m³/kg volatile solids (VS) with a methane content of 62% was produced with the KK-10 consortium. This was apparently due to a maximum hemicellulose degradation of 88%.     

Treatment of anti-osmotic drug based pharmaceutical effluent in an upflow anaerobic fluidized bed system

During the production of Cephradine (a main constituent of anti-osmotic drug) a large quantity of concentrated effluent was produced. The main polluting compounds in this effluent are osmotic drug, acetic acid and ammonia. The feasibility of using a fluidized bed reactor under anaerobic condition with bioaugmentation to treat anti-osmotic drug based pharmaceutical effluent was evaluated. The main objective of the study was to show that bioaugmentation could be used to promote biological treatment to applications where conventional operation might be difficult or unfavourable. The effluent with chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 14000-18000 mg/l was treated in a fluidized bed reactor with a hydraulic retention time of 3-12 h. The reactor was unable to maintain consistent removal in conventional mode of operation due to an inability to retain and grow biomass. The COD reduction (%) after inoculation from a sequencing batch reactor was related to influent concentration, mass of inoculum and hydraulic retention time characterized by calculating the initial food to microorganism ratio. The role of volatile fatty acid (VFA) as cosubstrate was assessed with respect to COD reduction (%). Continuous COD reduction (%) attained a maximum value of 88.5% using bioaugmentation through periodic addition of acclimated cells every 2 days with 30-73.2 g of cells from an off-line enricher reactor.     

电石渣－铁屑法去除硫酸废水中的氟和砷

对各种处理含氟、砷废水的方法进行了探讨，选择了以电石渣和废铁屑为药剂去除硫酸废水中氟和砷的方法，取得了较好的效果。该法以废治废、工艺简便、运行费用低，处理后的废水可达排放标准。     

煤制乙二醇废水预处理装置的工业化调试

针对煤制乙二醇废水含高浓度硝酸盐氮的特点,设计了缺氧膨胀床(AEB)反应器预处理装置,并进行了工业化启动和调试运行,考察了其在反硝化连续流运行条件下的处理效果及工艺参数变化。结果表明,AEB反应器启动后,填料层生物膜挂膜快速且生长稳定。反应器在工业化调试阶段运行稳定,COD和TN的去除率和去除负荷较为稳定。在受到来水冲击后,AEB反应器处理效果稳定,出水可在短期内恢复正常。该技术的系统操控参数范围较广,易于工业化操控运行,在煤制乙二醇废水和其他含高浓度硝酸盐氮废水的处理中具有较大的推广价值。     

利用钢铁酸洗废液处理印染废水

利用钢铁酸洗废液对一印染厂印染废水进行了处理试验。工业装置运行结果表明，处理出水的各项指标均可达到国家排放标准，且该装置具有投资少，管理简便，运行费用等特点。