铝盐絮凝剂及其环境效应

概述了铝盐絮凝剂的结构、形态分布及铝盐絮凝剂对环境所产生的一些不良影响,描述了铝盐絮凝剂对人体及各种生物体的毒性作用,同时,介绍了对污水后续处理的影响,并作了简要的评述。     

改性活性炭脱硫剂的研究进展

活性炭是一种应用广泛的脱硫剂 ,其脱硫性能取决于它的孔隙结构和表面化学性质。为了提高其对SO2 的吸附效率及催化性能 ,往往需要对活性炭的孔隙结构进行调整或改变其表面化学性质。本文综述了活性炭的改性方法及其特点、改性活性炭脱硫剂的研究现状和进展等方面的概况。     

利用植物修复污染土壤研究进展

本文介绍了植物修复技术的概念及其内涵，回顾了植物修复技术的研究历史，对该项技术的国内外研究现状与未来发展方向进行了讨论。同时指出，植物修复技术优点与其局限性。文中还对利用植物修复重金属污染的土壤应该考虑的因素作了简单的讨论     

Sorption of fenamiphos to different soils: the influence of soil properties

Fenamiphos (0-ethyl-0(3-methyl-4-methylthiophenyl)-isopropylamido-phosphate) is a widely used nematicide and insecticide in bowling greens and agriculture, but information on its sorption including its metabolites is limited. Hence, the sorption of fenamiphos (nematicide) and its major degradation products fenamiphos sulfoxide (FSO) and fenamiphos sulfone (FSO2) were determined in thirteen contrasting soils collected from Australia and Ecuador. The sorption coefficients (Kd) exhibited a wide range of variation from 2.48 to 14.94 L/Kg for fenamiphos; from 0 to 7.42 L/Kg for FSO and from 0 to 9.49 L/Kg for FSO2. The sorption affinity of the three compounds for all soils tested was as follows: fenamiphos > fenamiphos sulfone > fenamiphos sulfoxide. The results showed that the sorption of fenamiphos and its metabolites in some soils is very low, and in one case is nonexistant for the metabolites. This is of particular concern as due to its low sorption coefficient, the compound could easily migrate and contaminate water bodies. Fenamiphos and its oxidation products have been reported to be highly toxic to aquatic invertebrates and therefore, the information generated in this study assumes great importance in the risk assessment of fenamiphos and its metabolites in the environment.     

DDT污染土壤的植物修复技术

本文报道用植草方法研究为DDT及其主要降解产物污染土壤的植物修复技术。在污染物的浓度为 0 .2 15mg/kg的土壤中 ,种植 10种草 3个月后DDT及其主要降解产物的总含量分别降低 19.6 %— 73.0 %。种植不同品种的草对土壤中污染物有不同的去除能力 ,其中以种植丹麦产的Taya草 (Per .ryegrass)与美国产的Titan草 (Tallfescue)为最强。用种植草的方法修复受DDT及其主要降解产物污染的土壤是一项可行的技术。在去除土壤中DDT的作用上 ,草的吸收是轻微的 ,只占原施药量的 0 .13%— 1.0 8% ,土壤中污染物消失的主要因素是土壤中生物降解作用的结果。     

一株反硝化细菌的分离鉴定及脱氮能力

本研究从水产养殖环境中分离出39株反硝化细菌,并从中筛选出具有较强反硝化能力的菌株DB-33,对其脱氮能力测定的结果表明,在培养基中亚硝酸盐氮浓度高达54．16mg／L,硝酸盐氮浓度高达306．91mg／L时,DB-33菌株对其去除率均达99％以上,且在去除过程中氨氮不累积;在模拟养殖水体中,DB-33可将亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮分别在24h和第3天彻底去除,对氨氮48h的去除率也可达51．52％。通过形态学特性和生理生化分析以及16SrDNA基因序列分析,菌株DB-33初步鉴定为施氏假单胞菌（Pseudomonasstutzeri）。     

Senna alexandrina extract supplementation reverses hepatic oxidative,inflammatory, and apoptotic effects of cadmium chloride administration in rats

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Senna alexandrina is traditionally used for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but little information is available concerning its...     

Factors influencing aerosol solubility during cloud processes

The water-soluble fraction of an aerosol determines its chemical and physical properties and also its behaviour. The origin of the aerosol and its atmospheric transport influence its solubility. Cloud process simulations have been conducted on both Saharan and anthropogenic aerosols. The rate of solubilisation was followed for native and processed aerosol particles; it is controlled by the pH variations due to release of acids or bases. It appears that one condensation/evaporation cycle increases the solubility of aerosol particles. Increasing the number of cloud process simulations does not affect the solubility profile. The solubility depends only on the conditions of the last cloud cycle and, in particular, on the factor controlling pH during this process.     

一种水基燃烧新技术及其清除海洋油污应用

针对大面积海洋石油污染难以利用现有方法进行高效治理的问题,针对性地提出了一种简便实用的水基燃烧新技术,介绍了其技术特点和以碳化钙和金属钾为主要原料配方的化学反应原理,进而利用其独特的可长时间持续燃烧这一关键性能,设计开展了对海洋油污进行清除处理的实验研究。结果不仅表明了采用该技术处理海洋油污的有效性,特别是对实际最为常见且采用传统燃烧法根本无法处理的油层厚度不足3 mm的海洋原油污染,通过其对油层持续的点火和加热挥发等多种作用也可达到高效清除的目的,并从油层厚度与燃烧状况之间的关系对相关的理论问题进行了分析,体现了其良好的应用前景。     

用于硅铁电炉烟气除尘的先进技术

介绍了国内外硅铁电炉烟气除尘现状、发展趋势及微硅粉尘的应用途径,认为挪威埃肯集团公司的除尘技术不仅解决了烟气污染问题,而且还能回收应用途径广泛的微硅粉;本文还详细介绍了该技术的特点和主要技术参数,为该项技术的推广应用提供参考.     

化粪池技术在分散污水治理中的应用与发展

化粪池技术简单易行,运行维护要求低,在分散污水处理中有着历史悠久和广泛的应用。介绍了化粪池的产生背景和作用机理,指出了当前传统化粪池在分散污水处理中出现的问题,总结了国内外对化粪池技术的改进和应用,展望了化粪池技术未来应用趋势。提出建议：在常规卫生模式下的乡村分散污水治理中,如规划采用传统化粪池/自然处理系统时,应加强化粪池的设计、安装与运行的管理,使其发挥应有的作用;如规划采用构造型分散污水处理系统时,可取消传统化粪池的设置;如对氮磷没有控制要求,则可以考虑采用强化型的化粪池技术。在构建面向资源化的乡村分散卫生系统中,应着重开发基于粪便收集利用的高效、安全且运行维护简便的就地化粪池技术。     

A review on microbial diversity and genetic markers involved in methanogenic degradation of hydrocarbons: futuristic prospects of biofuel recovery from contaminated regions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microbial activities within oil reservoirs have adversely impacted the world’s majority of oil by lowering its quality, thereby increasing its...     

Advances in polymer-based detection of environmental ibuprofen in wastewater

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Globally, ibuprofen is the third most consumed drug and its presence in the environment is a concern because little is known about its adverse effects...     

沸石结构对氨氮吸附性能的影响

利用氨氮吸附静态实验、电镜扫描、X衍射谱图分析以及化学成分分析方法探讨沸石结构对沸石吸附性能的影响机理。结果表明，在实验条件相同的情况下，不同沸石的吸附(NH4^ -N)容量差别十分显著，最高为0．83mmol／g计，最低仅为0．24mmol／g;沸石结构、孔隙分布以及化学成分是影响沸石吸附容量的主要内部因素，结构松散、孔径相对较大、孔径均匀的沸石吸附容量相对较高。     

Evaluation of the effect of serum cystatin-C and ACE I/D and ACE G2350A polymorphisms on kidney function among hypertensive sewage workers

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cadmium (Cd) as nephrotoxicant metal exerts its potent effect mainly on renal tubules disturbing its functions. A cross-sectional study was conducted...     

CFD investigation on gas–solid two-phase flow of dust removal characteristics for cartridge filter: a case study

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The filter cartridge dust collector has been widely used in industry, but the influence of its internal structure on its operation effects is rarely...     

一种高效的圆盘板式臭氧发生器

本文介绍臭氧的应用领域及其作用机理 ,对一种新型臭氧发生器的结构、原理及其技术参数进行了系统分析     

Increased urinary arsenic concentration in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a gender-independent,smoking-dependent exposure biomarker in older adults in Tehran

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic is ranked in the top ten environmental toxicants but its impact on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its association with other human health...     

Artificial aging induced changes in biochar,s properties and Cd2+ adsorption behaviors

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Fresh biochar has been widely applied to the remediation of heavy metals in soil by its property of adsorption, but the changes in its physicochemical...     

非均匀电动力学修复技术对土壤性质的影响

非均匀电动力学技术是正在发展中的环境修复技术 ,其特点之一是不破坏原有的环境系统。通过小型实验研究了非均匀电动力学及其运行方式对土壤性质的影响 ,分析了非均匀电动力学的作用机理和影响因素 ,同时研究了非均匀电动力学系统的能耗和运行特征。实验结果表明 ,采用合适的运行方式和运行参数 ,可以最大限度地保护土壤原有的特征 ,降低能量消耗 ,具有潜在的应用前景。