生物滴滤床废气净化技术及应用

生物滴滤床是一种高效的废气净化装置 ,但其运行受诸多因素影响 ,采用传统的传质理论和传统的生物膜理论进行描述 ,难以取得满意结果 ,因此应从多方面来理解生物滴滤床的设计和运行 ,以开发高效的反应器和合理的运行处理系统。在分析中 ,综述了生物滴滤床净化有机废气的原理及运行中的多种影响因素 ,阐述了生物滴滤床的研究现状及相关应用。     

不确定性水质模型及其研究进展

水环境是一个充满不确定性因素的复杂巨系统,研究这些不确定性的变化有利于提高人们对水环境分析的认识和做出更切合实际的决策.详细、清晰地评述了不确定性水质模型研究的必要性、研究的方法和国内外研究进展等,并针对此类模型研究与应用过程中普遍存在的一些问题、主要表现和成因进行了分析与论述,最后结合目前的研究热点指出了今后不确定性水质模型发展的3个重要方向.     

A review of recent developments in the application of machine learning in solar thermal collector modelling

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Over the past few decades, the popularity of solar thermal collectors has increased dramatically because of many significant advantages like being a...     

Effect of applying persulfate on the accumulation of arsenic in rice plants grown in arsenic-contaminated paddy soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Arsenic is known to be a notorious human carcinogen and rice consumption is becoming the primary human exposure route for As, especially in many Asian...     

patterns and trends in levels of suspended particulate matter

The National Air Surveillance Network (NASN) has collected samples of suspended particulate matter since 1957. These data values are graphically summarized by the application of Whittaker-Henderson Type A curve-smoothing formulas to 10 years of data. Fifty-eight urban sites and 20 nonurban sites are studied by this technique, which permits an intuitive grasp of the underlying cyclical patterns as well as long-term trends in nationwide levels of suspended particulate matter. Seasonal patterns are evident for many urban and nonurban sites, although sharp contrasts in seasonal characteristics exist between the two types of sites. Long-term levels tend slightly downward at many urban locations, but the opposite effect is observed at many nonurban sites.     

Long-term trends in water chemistry of acid-sensitive Swedish lakes show slow recovery from historic acidification

Long-term (1987–2012) water quality monitoring in 36 acid-sensitive Swedish lakes shows slow recovery from historic acidification. Overall, strong acid anion concentrations declined, primarily as a result of declines in sulfate. Chloride is now the dominant anion in many acid-sensitive lakes. Base cation concentrations have declined less rapidly than strong acid anion concentrations, leading to an increase in charge balance acid neutralizing capacity. In many lakes, modeled organic acidity is now approximately equal to inorganic acidity. The observed trends in water chemistry suggest lakes may not return to reference conditions. Despite declines in acid deposition, many of these lakes are still acidified. Base cation concentrations continue to decline and alkalinity shows only small increases. A changing climate may further delay recovery by increasing dissolved organic carbon concentrations and sea-salt episodes. More intensive forest harvesting may also hamper recovery by reducing the supply of soil base cations.     

Environmental and industrial factors relating to flavor tainting of fish in the upper Wisconsin river

Extracts from Large Toothed Aspen (Populous grandidenta Michx.) and Jack Pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) contained many odor compounds found in flavor-tainted walleye from the Wisconsin River, including alkylphenols. Aspen wood contained 8 ppb of 2-isopropylphenol, and river sediments also contained low ppb levels of many alkylphenols, including 2-isopropylphenol. Thiophenol and thiocresol which sporadically cause offensive sulfury taints in Wisconsin River fish were also found in river sediment. Quantitative analysis of fish for alkylphenols supported a hypothesis involving a food chain-mediated seasonal fluctuation of alkylphenol levels in fish. Thiophenols are postulated to be derived from pulp mill activities on the river.     

Distribution,sources, and ecological risk assessment of HCHs and DDTs in water from a typical coal mining subsidence area in Huainan,China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Coal mining subsidence areas are a special and widespread ecosystem in China and many developing countries in the world. However, limited research has...     

湖岸缓冲带反硝化作用的研究进展

反硝化作用是湖岸缓冲带去除硝酸盐的重要途径。湖岸缓冲带是联系陆地与湖泊生态系的纽带,不仅为许多动植物提供适宜生境,而且通过反硝化作用能去除地下水中的硝酸盐,提高湖泊水质。概述不同检测反硝化速率的方法,并对比各种方法的优点与缺点。阐述反硝化作用的影响因素：厌氧环境、有机碳、湖岸坡度、缓冲带坡度、pH与温度、硝酸盐浓度。介绍反硝化速率模型的研究开发状况。最后,提出了目前国内外反硝化研究中存在的不足及发展方向。     

Metabolic adaptation of fungal strains in response to contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) represent a large group of recalcitrant environmental pollutants. Up to now, many studies have focused on...     

Brush and Trunk Burning Plant in the City of Detroit

For many years the City of Detroit was a flagrant violator of its own air pollution laws by the indiscriminate open burning of Dutch Elm diseased trees, brush and trunks. Cited for violation under the city’s air pollution control code as well as under threat of a private legal suit, the City administration approved a $250,000 expenditure for the design and installation of a unique six ton per hour brush and trunk burning incinerator plant. This plant was conceived by engineering personnel of the City Engineer’s office in consultation with engineering staff members of the Air Pollution Control Bureau. Information is provided on the basic plant layout and design, wet fly ash collector configuration, operating and maintenance experience, and recommended changes for any future similar installations. Stack emission test data are also reported. Due to the success of this plant, a similar plant is in the process of being constructed in another part of the city upon completion of which the City of Detroit will no longer be required to burn brush and trunk waste in open fires. The new plant has incorporated some design changes which should enable it to perform even more efficiently than the prototype unit and handle a wider variety of waste such as Christmas trees and wrecking waste. Because this plant is the first of its kind in the U. S. and the disposal of Dutch Elm diseased brush and trunks is a major problem in many urban areas, the experience of the City of Detroit should be of vital interest to many municipal officials.     

Assessment of areal water and tillage erosion using magnetic susceptibility: the approach and its application in Moroccan watershed

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Soil erosion constitutes a serious threat for sustainable agriculture in many countries. Magnetic susceptibility of soil is a fast, cheap, and...     

Meta-analysis and experimental validation identified atrazine as a toxicant in the male reproductive system

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Atrazine (ATZ), as a widely used triazine herbicide, is an environmental endocrine disruptor (EDC) that can cause many health problems. Therefore, we...     

Crown condition of Norway spruce in relation to sulphur and nitrogen deposition and soil properties in southeast Norway

Atmospheric deposition of sulphur and nitrogen compounds may lead to enhanced leaching of base cations, accumulation of nitrogen in organic matter, lowered pH and increased concentration of toxic aluminium in soil, which in turn may affect the vitality of forest trees. A general monitoring of forest condition has been initiated in many European countries, partly in order to reveal stresses caused by acidification. However, forest condition is also affected by many other factors. This paper examines a seven-year series of crown-condition data from Local County Monitoring Plots in Norway spruce stands in Norway. Average, time trend and lability variables were calculated for crown density and crown colour for each plot. Wet deposition of sulphate, ammonium and nitrate for each plot were estimated using data from the national air and precipitation monitoring programmes. Soil data are based on soil sampling within the plots. The analysis gave no evident support for the hypothesized negative effect on crown condition from sulphur and nitrogen deposition and related alterations in soil.     

Accumulation,speciation and localization of silver nanoparticles in the earthworm Eisenia fetida

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in agriculture and many consumer products has led to a significant release of Ag in the environment. Although...     

Anthropogenic oligotrophication via liming: Long-term phosphorus trends in acidified,limed, and neutral reference lakes in Sweden

Restoration of acidified lakes by liming does not, in many cases, improve productivity to a pre-acidified state. We hypothesize that the poor recovery detected in many of these lakes is due to constrained in-lake phosphorous (P) cycling caused by enhanced precipitation of metals in higher pH, limed waters. Long-term (1990–2012) data for 65 limed, circum-neutral (pH 6–8), and acidified lakes in Sweden were analyzed to determine trends for P and potential drivers of these trends. Limed lakes not only had lower mean values and stronger decreasing trends for total P than non-limed lakes, but they also had the highest percentage of decreasing trends (85 %). A P release factor (Hypolimnetic P/Epilimnetic P) was developed to elucidate differences in internal P cycling between lake groups. Consistently, lower P release factors in limed lakes show limitation of internal P cycling during summer months that may be a factor limiting P bioavailability and thus productivity of these systems.     

Nutrient management in food production: achieving agronomic and environmental targets

The notion of management has undergone many changes during the past century. Nowadays, management is perceived as "specialized activity to achieve targets." Skill in management is the single most important factor determining the economic and environmental performance of agroecosystems. Nutrient management is "management of nutrients to achieve agronomic and environmental targets;" it requires proper understanding of nutrient cycling, site- and farm-specific guidelines and technology, and often direct coaching. These activities are diverse and complicated, especially in mixed farming systems that involve both crop and animal production. To be effective, economic and environmental targets must be coherent, flexible, and controllable. They also must be defined and implemented quantitatively at strategic, tactical, and operational levels. Data from farms in Poland and The Netherlands are used to show how economic incentives, provided through governmental policies and measures in both countries, can improve nutrient-use efficiency by a factor of 2 on many intensively managed mixed farming systems.     

Cytotoxicity,in vivo toxicity,and chemical composition of the hexane extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour.) Spreng

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Cancer is a universal health issue, and many anticancer therapeutic drugs have been isolated from natural products. This study analyzed the cytotoxic...     

Effects of ultraviolet-B radiation and larval growth on toxicokinetics of waterborne bisphenol A in common frog (Rana temporaria) larvae

In 1989, researchers discovered that amphibians, particularly frogs and toads from many parts of the world, appeared to be declining. In many ecosystems amphibians play a central role in ecosystem energy flow and nutrient cycling, and they act as keystone species. The recent increase in solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UVB, 280-320nm) has been thought to be one stressor responsible for the decline in amphibian populations. Along with other stressors, such as habitat destruction, anthropogenic influences and natural causes, UVB radiation could contribute to adverse effects among amphibians. Amphibians provide a good model for examining the effects of environmental stressors, because both lethal and sub-lethal responses are well documented in a range of studied xenobiotics in many species. In this experiment, the effects of UVB radiation on the accumulation and depuration kinetics of bisphenol A (BPA) were studied. Additionally, the accumulation was further modeled with correction for growth dilution. The results indicate that UVB radiation did not affect the toxicokinetics of BPA, and that the applied growth correction had only a negligible influence on the toxicokinetic estimations in this experiment. However, BCFs values calculated as k(u)/k(e) where closer to C(a)/C(w) calculated values when growth dilution was incorporated in the model. This method can be used in other experiments, where the growth dilution can affect toxicokinetic estimations.     

Microplastic pollution in freshwater systems in Southeast Asia: contamination levels,sources, and ecological impacts

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Plastics are synthetic polymers known for their outstanding durability and versatility, and have replaced traditional materials in many applications....