阳澄湖和滆湖微囊藻毒素分布及其与富营养化因子的关系

2013年6—10月进行了阳澄湖和滆湖的水样采集及分析,对水体中胞内和胞外3种微囊藻毒素(MC-LR,MCRR,MC-YR)和TN、TP、Chl-a等富营养化指标在两湖的分布情况及关系进行了研究。结果表明,阳澄湖的微囊藻毒素及富营养化因子浓度在不同点位的差异小,而滆湖从北部到南部呈下降趋势,两湖相比,滆湖的浓度远远高于阳澄湖;富营养化因子影响微囊藻毒素的浓度分布和变化;相关性分析表明MC-LR、MC-RR和MC-YR与CODMn、TN、TP、PO3-4-P、Chl-a分别呈极显著正相关性(P0.01),MC-LR、MC-YR与NH+4-N呈显著负相关(P0.05);逐步回归性分析显示Chl-a是影响3种微囊藻毒素浓度的关键因子,可以通过Chl-a对水体中MCs的浓度进行预测,为微囊藻水华和微囊藻毒素污染的预警提供重要的科学参考。     

Evaluation of eutrophication process in Lake Sapanca (Sakarya, Turkey)

Lakes are generally subjected to wastewater discharges from various sources. Certain chemicals, such as nitrogen, phosphorus and carbon, in the right concentrations can distort and disrupt aquatic ecosystems by overfeeding. Eutrophication of inland bodies of water has become synonymous with the deterioration of water quality, which interferes with most of the beneficial uses of waters. Eutrophication is the consequence of a lake.s nutrient enrichment. In recent years, this problem has been increasingly acute due to the discharge of nutrients. The principal sources of nutrient inputs are municipal wastes, industrial wastes, agricultural runoff and atmospheric fallout. Lake Sapanca, which is located in the northern part of Marmara region of Turkey, is the subject of this paper. In this study, the eutrophication of the lake was evaluated.     

乌梁素海水体富营养化原位生态修复实验及效果分析

为探讨原位生态修复技术对乌梁素海水体富营养化的治理效果,在乌梁素海农田排水入湖口作业区用双层防水围隔建立了实验示范区,测定了水体中氮磷质量浓度和底泥中氮磷质量分数;在室内进行模拟实验,研究了溶解氧(DO)和pH值变化下柱状底泥营养盐的静态释放规律。室外实验结果表明：示范区水体中总氮(TN) 和总磷(TP)质量浓度显著低于对照区(P<0.001),削减率分别为66%和68%,水体平均TN质量浓度为0.99 mg·L⁻¹,TP质量浓度为0.11 mg·L⁻¹;就水质年度变化而言,5月份水体TN和TP质量浓度相对较高,随着水生植物生长,其质量浓度显著降低,11月达到最低值,翌年1月,其值有所回升;实验示范区底泥中的平均TN和TP质量分数分别为1.43 g·kg⁻¹和0.43 g·kg⁻¹,显著低于对照区的数值(P<0.01),削减率分别为16% 和28%。室内模拟实验结果表明：当DO质量浓度低于2.0 mg·L⁻¹时,底泥中磷的释放速度较快;当DO质量浓度高于2.0 mg·L⁻¹时,随着pH值的增加,底泥中磷的释放速率显著增加(P<0.01);在厌氧状态下,pH值对底泥氮释放影响较小;在好氧和缺氧状态下,底泥中氮的释放速率显著增加后又下降;DO和pH值对底泥氮磷释放有很强的协同作用。综上所述,原位生态修复技术可显著降低水体和底泥中氮磷营养盐质量浓度,达到净化水质,减缓内源污染的目的,有望成为治理乌梁素海富营养化的一种有效措施。     

里杜湖富营养化综合评价及预测

根据里杜湖水库的水质监测及水文资料，选择评分法结合生物优势种评价法以及“源－效应”预测模型对里杜湖水库水质的营养状态进行综合评价及预测。结果表明：里杜湖水库水质已轻度富营养化，并有逐年加重的趋势。旨在正确评价和预测里杜湖水库营养状态，并为同类水库的营养状态评价及预测提供参考和借鉴，从而为水库水质管理及富营养化的控制提供科学依据。     

湖泊富营养化治理成效阶段水环境特征研究——以贵阳市饮用水源地红枫湖为例

红枫湖是贵阳市重要的生活饮用水源地,20世纪90年代末期水体污染严重。从2008年开始进行综合治理,2011年起进入治理成效阶段。为了对治理成效期的水质状况有全面了解,为进一步污染治理和生态调控提供科学依据和对策,利用富营养化指数法和主成分分析方法对2011—2013年水体富营养化状态特征进行研究分析。结果表明:(1)在监测期,红枫湖始终保持中营养状态不变,但呈现逐年减弱的趋势,水质达标率逐年升高。(2)全湖的综合营养状态指数存在明显的时空异质性。(3)影响红枫湖水体质量的主控因子为叶绿素a、pH、透明度、总磷和高锰酸盐指数,总氮对其影响不显著。(4)在下一步治理中,继续加强外源性治理的同时,须加强水体内源性污染的治理工作,促进水质进一步好转。     

太湖水质指标相关性与富营养化特征分析

为研究太湖第一阶段治理水质富营养化的特征，根据1999年10月采样数据，对总磷、总氮等与富营养化相关的水质指标进行了统计分析。发现透明度与叶绿素a之间并未表现出显著的相关性，而在聚类图中，悬浮物与总磷、总氮显示出密切关系。指出农村面源仍是太湖中营养物质的重要来源。     

北京红领巾湖的富营养化状态与水质分析

红领巾湖位于北京朝阳门外,以再生水为补给水源,在调节湖区小气候、改善周围生态环境、提供居民休闲等方面具有重要功能.2008年3～10月的浮游藻类和理化指标监测结果显示,该湖为重富营养型水体,浮游藻类平均细胞密度为24.73×106个/L,叶绿素a平均质量浓度为84.67μg/L;优势种群是微囊藻(Microcystis...     

杭州西湖富营养化防治设施最佳运行方式探讨

通过分析西湖富营养化主要影响因素及其防治措施的时效性,探讨现有各种防治设施的最佳运行方式,以降低治理费用、提高治理效果。     

基于MODIS数据遥感反演呼伦湖水体总磷浓度及富营养化状态评价

水体中总磷的浓度是衡量水环境的重要指标之一,对于水质和富营养化评价的研究具有重要意义。利用遥感卫星反演TP浓度并进行湖泊富营养化评价可以对湖泊TP浓度分布及富营养化程度进行全面整体监测,对水体水质实时动态监测和富营养化、洪灾等应急处理有较大的实用价值。以呼伦湖为研究区域,分别用2012年8月5日和2013年7月2日13个取样点的实测TP浓度值并结合同一天MODIS影像,进行TP浓度的特征波段选择,建立了基于MODIS遥感影像的半经验回归模型并进行验证,然后,应用模型反演呼伦湖2013年5—10月水体TP浓度值并结合舒金华修正营养状态指数模型进行富营养化评价。结果表明,在呼伦湖流域应用MODIS数据500 m分辨率中的第6、7波段可以较好地模拟水体中的TP浓度,呼伦湖2013年5—10月TP浓度分布较均匀,水体呈富营养化水平,与日常观测和其他学者得到的结果一致。研究表明,模型具有一定的预测能力,利用MODIS影像可以较好地对湖泊水体TP浓度进行反演并评价富营养化水平。     

固定化菌藻微球的制备、表征及其对富营养化湖水的修复

以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和海藻酸钠(SA)为主要包埋材料,以活性炭、SiO2和CaCO3作添加剂,采用普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)和活性污泥制备固定化菌藻微球。采用正交实验对微球的制备条件进行了优化,并对最优化条件下制得的微球进行了表征,还考察了固定化菌藻微球对某富营养化湖水的修复效果。结果表明,固定化菌藻微球的最优化制备条件为:PVA用量10%(m/v),微生物包埋量15 mL,海藻酸钠用量0.6%(m/v),氯化钙浓度2.0%(m/v)。制得的微球具有较大的比表面积,内部呈网状结构,孔径分布均匀,中孔居多,适合小球藻和微生物生长。采用固定化菌藻微球可有效修复上述湖泊的实际富营养化湖水,微球可重复使用3~4个循环,在前4个循环中,每个循环历时96 h,TN平均去除率达80%以上;TP平均去除率达90%以上;COD平均去除率达85%以上,表明固定化菌藻微球在富营养化湖水的修复方面具有潜在的应用价值。     

High heterogeneity of bacterioplankton community shaped by spatially structured environmental factors in West Lake,a typical urban lake in eastern China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Elucidating the bacterioplankton spatial distribution patterns and its determinants is a central topic in ecological research. However, research on...     

滇池流域不透水表面的水环境影响分析及其治理措施

当前滇池水污染的治理措施主要关注农业面源污染和城市生活污水,忽视了城市化过程中不透水表面带来的城市面源污染问题。采用基于遥感、GIS的生态环境影响评估模型,分析了滇池流域不透水表面的水环境效应。结果表明：不透水表面面积增加可导致流域地表径流量增加以及水质下降,进而导致流域水环境问题日益严重;当子流域不透水表面覆盖率（ISC）控制在0%~8%时,流域水环境状况良好;当ISC增长到8%~23%时,流域水环境受到影响;超过23%时,将形成不可逆转的水体污染,流域水环境严重退化。根据滇池17个子流域的不透水表面覆盖率大小,提出了滇池流域的子流域分类规划与治理思路,详细列出了分类治理的具体措施。     

Impact of impoldering and lake restoration on land-cover changes in Dongting Lake area, Central Yangtze

Human activities can have a remarkable effect on land-cover patterns over time. This study characterized long-term (1930s-1998) land-cover changes in Dongting Lake area in the Central Yangtze River, China, by digitalizing historical topographical maps for the 1930s and 1950s and interpreting satellite remote sensing data for 1978, 1989, and 1998. The study indicates that land-cover patterns in Dongting Lake area have been greatly altered by impoldering and subsequent lake restoration activities in the past 70 years. There are two distinct periods of change characterized by impoldering (1930s-1978) and lake restoration (1978-1998). In the former period, cropland increased sharply at the cost of a drop in other land-cover types, which had resulted in significant negative consequences, while the pattern of land-cover changes reversed in the later period.     

Organic phosphorus species in surface sediments of a large,shallow, eutrophic lake,Lake Taihu,China

Organic phosphorus (P) fractions in surface sediments from a large shallow, eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, were extracted with 0.1 M NaOH after pre-treatment of the sediments with a solution composed of 0.1 M EDTA and 2% (w/v) Na₂S₂O₄. Composition of organic P in the extracts was then characterized by ³¹P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (³¹P NMR). Several P species, including phosphonates, orthophosphate, orthophosphate monoesters, phospholipids, DNA, pyrophosphate and polyphosphate, were detected in the NaOH extracts. The proportion of extracted organic P to total P in sediments was negatively correlated with total P in the water column, as were the proportions for orthophosphate monoesters and DNA. This implies that the majority of organic P in surface sediments is likely stabilized in some way, and does not directly contribute to the internal loading of P from sediments.     

Toxic atmospheric pollutants from crematoria ovens: characterization,emission factors,and modeling

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Human remains and corpses’ cremation is an increasing practice worldwide alternative to burials, which have increased their cost and reduced...     

Eutrophication in the Yunnan Plateau lakes: the influence of lake morphology, watershed land use, and socioeconomic factors

Introduction  

Lakes play an important role in socioeconomic development and ecological balance in China, but their water quality has deteriorated considerably in recent decades. In this study, we investigated the spatial–temporal variations of eutrophication parameters (secchi depth, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, chemical oxygen demand, chlorophyll-a, trophic level index, and trophic state index) and their relationships with lake morphology, watershed land use, and socioeconomic factors in the Yunnan Plateau lakes.     

Fine particulate matter and visibility in the Lake Tahoe Basin: chemical characterization, trends, and source apportionment

Speciated PM2.5 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter相似文献   

Sedimentary record of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and DDTs in Dianchi Lake, an urban lake in Southwest China

Unique time trends of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were found in a dated sediment core from Dianchi Lake (DC), an urban lake in Southwest China. The temporal trend of PAHs in DC was not only different from those in China's coastline and remote lakes of China, but also different from those in more developed countries. Identification of sources suggested that PAHs in DC originated primarily from domestic combustion of coal and biomass. However, a change of source from low- and moderate-temperature combustion to high-temperature combustion processes was observed. Different from those in China's coastline and some developed countries, the temporal trend of DDTs in DC mirrored the historical usage of DDTs in China, with erosion of soils and surface runoff from its drainage area the most likely routes of DDT introduction to the lake. Rapid urbanization and industrialization in its catchment, effective interception of point-source pollution, and changes in sources of energy during the last few decades have significantly influenced the vertical profiles of PAHs in DC.