广东沼气农业模式的典型调查与思考

回顾了广东沼气发展历程,介绍了广东典型沼气农业模式,包括广东西南部丘陵区典型农户沼气模式,广东东部丘陵区典型农户沼气模式,广东东北部丘陵山区典型农户沼气模式,广东低洼地和积水区农户沼气模式,以及广东规模化养殖场沼气模式,并在此基础上分析了沼气农业模式的空间分布规律、沼气模式和经济发展的关系以及沼气发展的系统工程。     

周年运转的沼气工程——上海五里塘沼气工程特色谈

本文介绍上海市松江县五里塘生态场沼气生产系统采用玻璃温室保温,实现沼气周年均衡生产的经验。作者认为,充分利用当地光能资源是实现沼气周年运转的途径,温室的保温是沼气生产系统维持正常运转的关键。     

城市污水处理厂EIA中替代方案实例分析

环境影响评价中的替代方案主要包括建设项目的工艺技术,选址的可替代方案,以及项目环保措施的多方案比较,城市污水处理厂环评项目中该部分内容有其自身的特点,文章结合多个城市污水厂项目环评经验,以3个建设部审批的大型城市污水处理厂为例进行了替代方案探讨与实例分析。     

安捷伦微型气相色谱仪进军环保领域——推出新型沼气分析仪

沼气是一种可再生且可持续的能源,因此在全球范围内引起极大关注.沼气的主要成分是甲烷和二氧化碳,还有一些其它的永久性气体、氢气和硫化氢.沼气引发人们越来越多的关注,安捷伦新型490微型气相色谱沼气分析仪专为解决这一需求而设计.     

城市污水回用示范工程

本文阐述了城市污水回用的重要作用.介绍了国家科技攻关项目城市污水回用示范工程建设背景及概况、水质指标及效益分析.     

我国城市污水厂延伸污泥处理与处置责任

探讨延伸城市污水处理厂的职能,使污泥的"生产者"承担起污泥处理和处置的环境责任,激励其全面关注进水有机物的最终无害化,将污泥处理以及最终处置(如土地填埋、焚烧或资源化等)的工程造价、运行费用以及相应的环境影响均纳入城市污水处理厂进行考虑,这样将对城市污水厂的环境管理观念带来革命性的变化。     

多目标优化方法在城市污水厂汇水区污染源总量控制规划中的应用

在城市污水处理厂汇水区实行污染源总量控制,应该避免与城市污水处理厂重复治理.针对这个问题,提出难降解有机物控制的多目标准则指标,建立了多目标优化模型.     

青岛城市污水厂污泥有机质、养分及重金属含量

对青岛市4个典型城市污水厂脱水污泥中有机质、养分及重金属指标进行了调查研究,结果表明,所调查的青岛市4个典型城市污水厂污泥中的有机质平均含量为48.58%,总氮、总磷、总钾平均含量分别为36 437.76 mg/kg、12 590.13 mg/kg2、791.55 mg/kg;青岛市4个典型城市污水厂脱水污泥中的重金属...     

霍林河矿区生态环境综合整治

阐述了霍林河矿区生活垃圾的特性、城市污水水质特征和生态退化类型。提出了生活垃圾、城市污水和生态退化综合整治措施。     

沈阳北部城市污水处理厂设施运营对天津环保产业的几点启示

依据沈阳城市污水处理厂设施运营的经验,提出以城市污水处理厂建设为切入点,以排污制度为政策支柱,以重组环保产业集团为龙头,充分利用股票市场融资功能发展天津环保产业的模式。     

人工湿地系统对含沼液畜禽废水净化效果试验研究

为了考察人工湿地处理含沼液畜禽废水的可行性,采用水平潜流人工湿地对含沼液畜禽废水进行处理实验。试验结果表明：在进水流量1.5 m3.d-1,水平潜流人工湿地系统对含沼液畜禽废水具有较好的处理效果。废水中COD、TP、TN和NH4＋-N浊度平均去除率分别为59.21%、53.80%、55.09%和55.57%.另外,通过对人工湿地沿程的污染物变化试验分析表明,人工湿地系统对污染物的降解是沿人工湿地水流方向逐渐降低的。     

五里塘生态农场有机废弃物的资源化生态工艺

上海市松江县五里塘生态农场以沼气工程、氧化沟和鱼塘围网养鸭为主的生态工程,有效地利用了农场产生的大量禽畜粪便并解决了沼液,沼渣的二次污染问题;在沼气池上建玻璃温室保温,使沼气池能正常越冬从而得以周年运转.生态工程的建立,取得了良好的经济、生态和环境效益.     

废水处理与利用生态工程Ⅱ—类型及一些案例

文章列举了污水处理与利用生态工程的主要类型。包括城市污水就地、分散、小型、地埋式、无动力处理系统 ;快速渗滤土地处理与利用系统 ;慢速渗滤土地处理与利用系统 ;芦苇湿地渗滤系统集中处理与利用城市污水。工业废水的处理与利用 ,主要通过减量、回收、转化、回用和再循环。另提供了一些案例帮助说明各类型。     

Use of gamma-irradiation pretreatment for enhancement of anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge

The effects of γ-irradiation pretreatment on anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge was investigated in this paper. Parameters like solid components, soluble components, and biogas production of anaerobic digestion experiment for sewage sludge were measured. The values of these parameters were compared before and after γ-irradiation pretreatment. Total solid (TS), volatile solid (VS), suspended solid (SS), volatile suspended solid (VSS), and average floc size of samples decreased after γ-irradiation treatment. Besides, floc size distribution of sewage sludge shifted from 80–100 μm to 0–40 μm after γ-irradiation treatment at the doses from 0 to 30 kGy, which indicated the disintegration of sewage sludge. Moreover, microbe cells of sewage sludge were ruptured by γ-irradiation treatment, which resulted in the release of cytoplasm and increase of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD). Both sludge disintegration and microbe cells rupture enhanced the subsequent anaerobic digestion process, which was demonstrated by the increase of accumulated biogas production. Compared with digesters fed with none irradiated sludge, the accumulated biogas production increased 44, 98, and 178 mL for digesters fed sludge irradiated at 2.48, 6.51, and 11.24 kGy, respectively. The results indicated that γ-irradiation pretreatment could effectively enhance anaerobic digestibility of sewage sludge, and correspondingly, could accelerate hydrolysis process, shorten sludge retention time of sludge anaerobic digestion process.     

陕西省淳化县农户生活垃圾处理方案的比选与分析

通过问卷调查和现场勘查对陕西省淳化县农村生活垃圾污染及处理现状进行分析,采用层次分析法对户用沼气池、户用堆肥池和小型焚烧炉3种主要处理方案进行经济效益、能源效益和资源环境效益的综合评价,结果表明户用沼气池的综合效益最高.选用成本效益分析、财务现金流分析和敏感度分析方法着重对户用沼气池推广的优势因素和限制因素进一步分析,结果表明,当农户有足够的资金、土地资本和垃圾产量时,应采用沼气池,同时应重视对沼气建设技术人员和维护管理沼气池农户的技术培训,以求保证建池质量;当农户资金、土地资本和垃圾产量有限时,也可以采用户用堆肥池,同时要注意堆肥池规格的设计,以求达到最高的综合效益.     

Influence of H2S and NH3 on biogas dry reforming using Ni catalyst: a study on single and synergetic effect

● NH₃ in biogas had a slight inhibitory effect on dry reforming. ● Coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ led to faster decline of biogas conversion. ● Regeneration was effective for catalysts deactivated under synergetic effect. Biogas is a renewable biomass energy source mainly composed of CH₄ and CO₂. Dry reforming is a promising technology for the high-value utilization of biogas. Some impurity gases in biogas can not be completely removed after pretreatment, which may affect the performance of dry reforming. In this study, the influence of typical impurities H₂S and NH₃ on dry reforming was studied using Ni/MgO catalyst. The results showed that low concentration of H₂S in biogas could cause serious deactivation of catalyst. Characterization results including EDS, XPS and TOF-SIMS confirmed the adsorption of sulfur on the catalyst surface, which was the cause of catalyst poisoning. We used air calcination method to regenerate the sulfur-poisoned catalysts and found that the regeneration temperature higher than 500 °C could help catalyst recover the original activity. NH₃ in the concentration range of 50–10000 ppm showed a slight inhibitory effect on biogas dry reforming. The decline rate of biogas conversion efficiency increased with the increase of NH₃ concentration. This was related to the reduction of oxygen activity on catalyst surface caused by NH₃. The synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃ in biogas was investigated. The results showed that biogas conversion decreased faster under the coexistence of H₂S and NH₃ than under the effect of H₂S alone, so as the surface oxygen activity of catalyst. Air calcination regeneration could also recover the activity of the deactivated catalyst under the synergetic effect of H₂S and NH₃.     

Anaerobic digestion and recycling of kitchen waste: a review

About 1.6 billion tons of food are wasted worldwide annually, calling for advanced methods to recycle food waste into energy and materials. Anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste allows the efficient recovery of energy, and induces low-carbon emissions. Nonetheless, digestion stability and biogas production are variables, due to dietary habits and seasonal diet variations that modify the components of kitchen waste. Another challenge is the recycling of the digestate, which could be partly solved by more efficient reactors of anaerobic digestion. Here, we review the bottlenecks of anaerobic digestion treatment of kitchen waste, with focus on components inhibition, and energy recovery from biogas slurry and residue. We provide rules for the optimal treatment of the organic fraction of kitchen waste, and guidelines to upgrade the anaerobic digestion processes. We propose a strategy using an anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor to improve anaerobic digestion of kitchen waste, and a model for the complete transformation and recycling of kitchen waste, based on component properties.

     

Impact of biogas digestates on soil microbiota in agriculture: a review

Environmental Chemistry Letters - The global production of biogas has increased threefold during the last decade to partly replace fossil fuels, yet biogas production by anaerobic digestion...