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改性膨润土粉末对克百威的吸附 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
分别用季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)改性钠基膨润土,研究改性膨润土吸附水中氨基甲酸脂类农药克百威的效果、机理及主要影响因素。结果表明,改性膨润土的有机碳含量和用土量影响其对克百威的吸附去除率。表面活性剂通过插层进入膨润土间,有效扩张了膨润土的层间距,有机插层效果明显。100CTMAB-10SDBS膨润土为最佳的吸附剂类型,最佳用土量20.00 g/L,吸附平衡时间为3 h,平衡去除率为92.60%。改性膨润土对克百威的吸附符合Freundlich模型,变形公式的相关系数在98%以上。 相似文献
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改性膨润土吸附去除水中氨氮的实验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)溶液和聚合铝、聚合铁溶液为改性剂,制备了相应的改性膨润土吸附剂:CTMAB有机膨润土、铝柱撑膨润土和铁柱撑膨润土,用以吸附去除水中的氨氮。结果表明:在最佳吸附实验条件下。几种改性膨润土均能够较好地吸附水中的氨氮,改性膨润土的吸附能力大于原土,吸附量的顺序为:铝柱撑膨润土〉铁柱撑膨润:L〉CTMAB有机膨润土〉原土。改性膨润土对氨氮的吸附是一个快速的过程,可在60min达到吸附平衡,吸附等温线符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。 相似文献
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以钠化膨润土为载体,用浸渍法将锆负载到膨润土上,对固液比、改性剂浓度和浸渍时间进行优化,制备出高效除磷复合材料。采用IR、XRD、SEM分析表征了其结构,考察了投加量、反应时间、温度、磷废液初始浓度、pH值对磷吸附的影响,实验结果表明:在改性剂浓度为5g/L,固液比1∶20,室温以150 r/min恒温振荡4 h的条件下,氧氯化锆成功负载到膨润土上,钠化并改性后膨润土的层间距和吸附性能有所改善;在磷浓度为50 mg/L的酸性环境中,投加0.6g复合材料、吸附60min,能去除90%以上的磷,吸附过程符合Langmuir等温模型和Lagergren一级动力学方程。因此,该复合材料是一种潜在吸附剂。 相似文献
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采用高效微波辐射法,分别以硫酸铁和硫酸铝为改性剂,对钠基膨润土(SB)进行改性,制得硫酸铁改性钠基膨润土(Fe-MSB)和硫酸铝改性钠基膨润土(Al-MSB)。采用单因素试验,以Fe-MSB和Al-MSB对模拟含磷废水中磷的去除率为验证效果,探索最佳制备条件;通过Fe-MSB、Al-MSB和SB的X射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)及比表面积表征,分析改性机理和吸附性能。结果表明:在Fe-MSB最佳制备条件下,硫酸铁投加量为0.08 g/g,微波功率为低火,微波时间为6 min时,磷的去除率和残留浓度分别为99.92%和0.02 mg/L;在Al-MSB最佳制备条件下,硫酸铝投加量为0.10 g/g,微波功率为中低火,微波时间为7 min时,磷的去除率和残留浓度分别为98.82%和0.30 mg/L;改性后Fe-MSB和Al-MSB的孔隙、层间距和比表面积均显著增大,吸附性能明显提高,且Fe-MSB的吸附性能高于Al-MSB。 相似文献
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为快速去除富营养化水体中的磷和藻类,采用PAC(聚合氯化铝)和镧对膨润土进行复合改性,制备PLMB(聚合氯化铝-镧改性膨润土)吸附剂,并采用BET(全自动比表面及孔隙度分析仪)、SEM(扫描电镜)、FTIR(傅里叶红外光谱仪)、XRD(X射线衍射仪)、ICP-OES(电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪)和zeta电位分析仪对材料进行表征,使用吸附动力学和吸附等温线描述PLMB对磷的吸附机理,考察吸附剂用量、pH和腐殖酸对PLMB同步除磷除藻的影响. 结果表明:①PLMB表面具有很多层状结构,能够提供更多吸附位点,聚合氯化铝和镧成功负载于膨润土上,镧含量达到5.02%. ②PLMB能高效吸附水中的磷,吸附量达到57.629 mg/g,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附动力学符合颗粒内扩散模型和准二级动力学模型. ③当PLMB投加量为300 mg/L时,富营养化水样中浊度、SRP(可溶性活性磷)、TP(总磷)和Chla(叶绿素a)的去除率分别为98.7%、96.2%、94.1%和72.7%. ④水样pH为5~10时,pH增大对PLMB的除磷除藻性能具有促进作用. ⑤腐殖酸对SRP的去除无显著影响,对浊度、TP和Chla的去除有负面作用. 研究显示,PLMB表现出优异的磷吸附性能,能够同步去除水体中的磷和藻类,在富营养化水体的生态修复中具有较大应用价值. 相似文献
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以羟基铁为柱化剂对天然膨润土进行柱撑改性制备了羟基铁柱撑膨润土,研究了其对废水中磷的吸附性能和影响因素。结果表明:羟基铁能够进入到膨润土的层间,使其层间距增大,表面积增加;羟基铁柱撑膨润土对废水中的磷有很好的去除效果,在常温下,当改性膨润土投加量为4 mg/L,溶液pH值为5,反应时间为60 min,处理质量浓度为20 mg/L的含磷废水时,磷的去除率达到93.9%。平衡吸附量与平衡质量浓度之间的关系更好地符合Langmuir等温吸附方程所描述的规律。 相似文献
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改性低品质膨润土处理柴油废水 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
选择阴阳离子十六烷基三甲基溴化铵CTMAB-十二烷基磺酸钠SDBS改性低品质膨润土,在8%的CTMAB:SDBS=5:1有机膨润土用量6.0 g/L,温度30℃,pH4~8之间,搅拌速度150 r/min,搅拌时间30 min的最优条件下,对50.0 mg/L的柴油吸附量可达到8.06 mg/g。改性后膨润土阳离子交换容量增加了1.6倍。红外光谱图和XRD谱图显示,表面活性剂已经进入膨润土层间。有机膨润土可同时吸附废水中的重金属铬和柴油,吸附均符合Freundlich等温式,对柴油的吸附是分配作用和表面吸附共同作用的结果,对重金属铬主要是表面吸附。 相似文献
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稀土吸附剂对废水深度除磷研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过浸渍——干燥——焙烧法制备预载镧氧化物稀土吸附剂,探讨了该吸附剂对水中磷的吸附性能。研究表明在镧离子浓度为0.025mol/1、pH为10-11的溶液中浸渍,于500℃温度下焙烧制得的稀土吸附剂,其除磷效果可达95%。 相似文献
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Toxic effects of two agrochemicals on nifH gene in agricultural black soil were investigated using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and sequencing approaches in a microcosm experiment. Changes of soil nifH gene diversity and composition were examined following the application of acetochlor, methamidophos and their combination. Acetochlor reduced the nifH gene diversity (both in gene richness and diversity index values) and caused changes in the nifH gene composition. The effects of acetochlor on nifH gene were strengthened as the concentration of acetochlor increased. Cluster analysis of DGGE banding patterns showed that nifH gene composition which had been affected by low concentration of acetochlor (50 mg/kg) recovered firstly. Methamidophos reduced nifH gene richness that except at 4 weeks. The medium concentration of methamidophos (150 mg/kg) caused the most apparent changes in nifH gene diversity at the first week while the high concentration of methamidophos (250 mg/kg) produced prominent effects on nifH gene diversity in the following weeks. Cluster analysis showed that minimal changes of nifH gene composition were found at 1 week and maximal changes at 4 weeks. Toxic effects of acetochlor and methamidophos combination on nifH gene were also apparent. Different nifH genes (bands) responded differently to the impact of agrochemicals: four individual bands were eliminated by the application of the agrochemicals, five bands became predominant by the stimulation of the agrochemicals, and four bands showed strong resistance to the influence of the agrochemicals. Fifteen prominent bands were partially sequenced, yielding 15 different nifH sequences, which were used for phylogenetic reconstructions. All sequences were affiliated with the alpha- and beta-proteobacteria, showing higher similarity to eight different diazotrophic genera. 相似文献
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Arsenic uptake by arbuscular mycorrhizal maize (Zea mays L.) grown in an arsenic-contaminated soil with added phosphorus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
XIA Yun-sheng CHEN Bao-dong CHRISTIE Peter SMITH F Andrew WANG You-shan LI Xiao-lin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(10):1245-1251
The effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus (Glomus mosseae) and phosphorus (P) addition (100 mg/kg soil) on arsenic (As) uptake by maize plants (Zea mays L.) from an As-contaminated soil were examined in a glasshouse experiment.Non-mycorrhizal and zero-P addition controls were included.Plant biomass and concentrations and uptake of As,P,and other nutrients,AM colonization,root lengths,and hyphal length densities were determined.The results indicated that addition of P significantly inhibited root colonization and development of extraradical mycelium.Root length and dry weight both increased markedly with mycorrhizal colonization under the zero-P treatments,but shoot and root biomass of AM plants was depressed by P application.AM fungal inoculation decreased shoot As concentrations when no P was added,and shoot and root As concentrations of AM plants increased 2.6 and 1.4 times with P addition,respectively.Shoot and root uptake of P,Mn,Cu,and Zn increased,but shoot Fe uptake decreased by 44.6%,with inoculation, when P was added.P addition reduced shoot P,Fe,Mn,Cu,and Zn uptake of AM plants,but increased root Fe and Mn uptake of the nonmycorrhizal ones.AM colonization therefore appeared to enhance plant tolerance to As in low P soil,and have some potential for the phytostabilization of As-contaminated soil,however,P application may introduce additional environmental risk by increasing soil As mobility. 相似文献
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Several main metabolites of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) formed by Penicillium chrysogenum, Benzo[a]pyrene-1,6-quinone (BP 1,6- quinone), trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydrobenzo[a]pyrene (BP 7,8-diol), 3-hydroxybenzo[a]pyrene (3-OHBP), were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The three metabolites were liable to be accumulated and were hardly further metabolized because of their toxicity to microorganisms. However, their further degradation was essential for the complete degradation of BaP. To enhance their degradation, two methods, degradation by coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 and degradation only by Penicillium chrysogenum, were compared; Meanwhile, the parameters of degradation in the superior method were optimized. The results showed that (1) the method of coupling Penicillium chrysogenum with KMnO4 was better and was the first method to be used in the degradation of BaP and its metabolites; (2) the metabolite, BP 1,6-quinone was the most liable to be accumulated in pure cultures; (3) the effect of degradation was the best when the concentration of KMnO4 in the cultures was 0.01% (w/v), concentration of the three compounds was 5 mg/L and pH was 6.2. Based on the experimental results, a novel concept with regard to the bioremediation of BaP-contaminated environment was discussed, considering the influence on environmental toxicity of the accumulated metabolites. 相似文献
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Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter. 相似文献
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Potential of plant polyphenol oxidases in the decolorization and removal of textile and non-textile dyes 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this study an effort has been made to use plant polyphenol oxidases; potato (Solanum tuberosum) and brinjal (Solanum melongena), for the treatment of various important dyes used in textile and other industries. The ammonium sulphate fractionated enzyme preparations were used to treat a number of dyes under various experimental conditions. Majority of the treated dyes were maximally decolorized at pH 3.0. Some of the dyes were quickly decolorized whereas others were marginally decolorized. The initial first hour was sufficient for the maximum decolorization of dyes. The rate of decolorization was quite slow on long treatment of dyes. Enhancement in the dye decolorization was noticed on increasing the concentration of enzymes. The complex mixtures of dyes were treated with both preparations of polyphenol oxidases in the buffers of varying pH values. Potato polyphenol oxidase was significantly more effective in decolorizing the dyes to higher extent as compared to the enzyme obtained from brinjal polyphenol oxidase. Decolorization of dyes and their mixtures, followed by the formation of an insoluble precipitate, which could be easily removed simply by centrifugation. 相似文献
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Removal of heavy metals from sewage sludge by low costing chemical method and recycling in agriculture 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
RemovalofheavymetalsfromsewagesludgebylowcostingchemicalmethodandrecyclinginagricultureWuQitang,NyirandegePascasie,MoCehuiF... 相似文献
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Effects of two sludge application on fractionation and phytotoxicity of zinc and copper in the soil 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
HE Miao-miao TIAN Guang-ming LIANG Xing-qiang YU Yi-tong WU Jian-yang ZHOU Gen-di 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2007,19(12)
The potential harm of heavy metals is a primary concern in application of sludge to the agricultural land. A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of two sludges on fractionation of Zn and Cu in soil and their phytotoxicity to pakchoi. The loamy soil was mixed with 0%, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% (by weight) of digested sewage sludge (SS) and composted sludge (SC). The additions of both sludges caused a significant raise in all fractions, resulting in that exchangeable (EXCH) and organic bound (OM) became predominance of Zn and organic bound Cu occupied the largest portion. There was more available amount of Zn and Cu in SS treatments than SC treatments. During the pot experiment, the concentration of Zn in EXCH, carbonate (CAR) and OM and Cu in EXCH and OM fractions decreased in all treatments, so their bioavailability reduced. Germination rate and plant biomass decreased when the addition rate was high and the best yield appeared in 20% mixtures at the harvest of pakchoi. The two sludges increased tissue contents of Zn and Cu especially in the SS treatments. Zn in pakchoi was not only in relationship to ΔEXCH and ΔCAR forms but also in ΔOM forms in the sludge-soil mixtures. Tissue content of Cu in pakchoi grown on SC-soils could not be predicted by ΔEXCH. These correlation rates between Zn and Cu accumulation in pakchoi and variation of different fractions increased with time, which might indicate that sludges represented stronger impacts on the plant in long-term land application. 相似文献
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A hydroponic experiment was carried out to study intraspecific differences in the effects of different concentrations of cadmium (Cd)(0-10 mg/L) and arsenate (As(V)) (0-8 mg/L) on the growth parameters and accumulation of Cd and As in six wheat varieties Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11, Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8. The endpoints of wheat seedlings, including seed germination,biomass, root length and shoot height, decreased with increasing the Cd and As concentrations. Significant differences in seed germination, biomass, root length, shoot height and the accumulation of Cd and As were observed between the treatments and among the varieties (p < 0.05). The lethal dosage 50% were about 20, 80, 60, 60, 80 and 20 mg As/L for Jing-9428, Duokang-1, Jingdong-11,Jing-411, Jingdong-8 and Zhongmai-8, respectively, and the corresponding values for Cd were about 30, 80, 20, 40, 60 and 10 mg Cd/L, respectively. Among the six varieties, Duokang-1 was found to be the most resistant to Cd and As toxicity, and Zhongmai-8 was the most sensitive to Cd and As co-contamination. The resistance of the six varieties was found dependant on the seedling uptake of Cd and As. Duokang-1 was the most suitable for cultivation in Cd and As co-contaminated soils. 相似文献
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A study was conducted to compare the diversity of 2-, 3-, and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders in two pristine soils and one contaminated sewage sludge. These samples contained strikingly different populations of mono-chlorobenzoate degraders. Although fewer cultures were isolated in the uncontaminated soils than contaminated one, the ability of microbial populations to mineralize chlorobenzoate was widespread. The 3- and 4-chlorobenzoate degraders were more diverse than the 2-chlorobenzoate degraders. One of the strains isolated from the sewage sludge was obtained. Based on its phenotype, chemotaxonomic properties and 16S rRNA gene, the organism S-7 was classified as Rhodococcus erythropolis. The strain can grow at temperature from 4 to 37℃. It can utilize several (halo)aromatic compounds. Moreover, strain S-7 can grow and use 3-chlorobenzoate as sole carbon source in a temperatures range of 10-30℃ with stoichiometric release of chloride ions. The psychrotolerant ability was significant for bioremediation in low temperature regions. Catechol and chlorocatechol 1,2-dioxygenase activities were present in cell free extracts of the strain, but no (chloro)catechol 2,3- dioxygenase activities was detected. Spectral conversion assays with extracts from R. erythropolis S-7 showed accumulation of a compound with a similar UV spectrum as chloro-cis,cis-muconate from 3-chlorobenzoate. On the basis of these results, we proposed that S-7 degraded 3-chlorobenzoate through the modified ortho-cleave pathway. 相似文献
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The influence of two pesticides including chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan and mercury (Hg) on urease activity in 4 soils (meadow burozem and phaeozem) was investigated. The soils were exposed to various concentrations of the two pesticides and Hg individually and simultaneously. Results showed that there was a close relationship between urease activity and organic matter content in soil. Chlorimuron-ethyl and furadan could both activate urease in the 4 soils. The maximum increment of urease activity by chlorimuronethyl was up to 14%-18%. There was almost an equal increase (up to 13%-21%) in the urease activity by furadan. On the contrary, Hg markedly inhibited soil urease activity. A logarithmic equation was used to describe the relationship (P〈0.05) between the concentration of Hg and the activity of soil urease in the 4 tested soils. Semi-effect dose (ED50) values by the stress of Hg based on the inhibition of soil urease in the 4 soils were 88, 5.5, 24 and 20 mg/kg, respectively, according to the calculation of the corresponding equations. The interactive effect of chlorimuron-ethyl or furadan with metal Hg on soil urease was mainly synergic at the highest tested concentrations. 相似文献