水电站建设过程中的环境保护措施

水电站在建设过程中,由于大坝修建、占地、场地开挖、河道引水及其他施工行为,对水电站涉及区域的河流水文特性、生态环境及水资源利用等方面造成影响。针对水电站建设的影响,提出了流域规划环评、生态和工程保护措施,以使水电站建设产生的影响降到最低。     

农村小水电站开发与生态环境影响的防治

小水电站开发建设对周边自然环境产生负面影响与火电、大中型水电站建设进行比较,人们一直认为造成其生态环境破坏及损害要小,所以长期以来没有引起足够的重视。事实上则不然,小水电站开发建设对周边生态环境产生的影响已经相当突出,已影响到农村经济合作社开展工作和农民矛盾的产生因素。所以在农村小水电站可行性开发、设计、施工、运行过程中我们切实做好生态环境保护和建立健全环境管理体系,并赋予可操作性的措施,构建绿色小水电框架,最大限度降低小水电站建设对自然生态环境平衡的影响。     

锦屏水电站及外围地区现今构造应力场的有限单元法模拟

现今构造应力场是评价工程地区稳定性最重要的因素之一，特别对大型水电工程建设具重要意义。为此、以锦屏水电站及其外围地区为研究区，在野外地质调查及室内综合分析基础上，并考虑到川西－滇北地区构造应力场对锦屏水电站及其外围地区的影响，运用有限单元法进行现今构造应力场模拟来评价锦屏水电站及其外围地区的稳定性，取得较好成果。     

农村小水电站开发与生态环境影响的防治简

小水电站开发建设对周边自然环境产生负面影响与火电、大中型水电站建设进行比较,人们一直认为造成其生态环境破坏及损害要小,所以长期以来没有引起足够的重视.事实上则不然,小水电站开发建设对周边生态环境产生的影响已经相当突出,已影响到农村经济合作社开展工作和农民矛盾的产生因素.所以在农村小水电站可行性开发、设计、施工、运行过程中我们切实做好生态环境保护和建立健全环境管理体系,并赋予可操作性的措施,构建绿色小水电框架,最大限度降低小水电站建设对自然生态环境平衡的影响.     

德宏州水电站建设对生态环境的影响

阐述了水电站的建设对植被、植物多样性、水生生物等生态方面产生的影响,并提出水电站建设后可持续发展的建议。     

峡江水电站对吉安环境保护的影响

峡江水电站的建设产生了巨大的效益,为沿线人们带来福祉,同时对吉安市的环境的影响是多方面的,全面、科学、客观的分析水电站的建设对环境的影响可以为环境保护工作奠定基础,对以后的水利枢纽建设有一定的参考意义和价值。本文主要针对峡江水电站对吉安环境的影响进行分析,并提出了针对一些不利影响的措施。     

基于遥感技术的水电梯级开发及对生态系统影响遥感监测

本文对遥感技术在梯级开发水电站识别和对生态系统的影响中的应用技术进行研究,结果表明:(1)根据水电站类型和规模特征,选择合适分辨率的遥感影像,可以对河流梯级开发水电站进行遥感识别,进而开展河流梯级开发水电站对区域生态系统影响动态监测;(2)梯级开发水电站建设对生态系统的影响可从大坝枢纽区和整个库区两个方面开展分析,大坝枢纽建设区对生态系统的影响主要表现在植被破坏、区域土壤侵蚀风险增加;对整个库区生态系统的影响则主要表现在淹没大量农田、林草、滩地、城镇和农村居民点,移民数量大,水域大幅增加但河流形态发生很大变化,建筑及道路增长迅速。     

山区河流建设梯级水电站对水质的影响和对策

充分利用山区丰富的水资源建设梯级水电站是一项清洁能源工程,与环境保护具有一致性,然而水电站的建设特别是山区的社会经济发展对河流水质将造成一定的影响。本文分析了其影响,提出建设污水处理厂,整治工业、船舶、垃圾、畜禽养殖业及农村环境污染,减少梯级水电站建设对河流水质的影响。     

块择河流域的水资源开发利用与环境保护

块择河流域目前存在水污染和水土流失等问题，未来开发的重点主要是下游流域的水能开发。水电站建设会对流域内生境造成一定影响，也会形成缓解水土流失等有利影响，应遵从合理利用，科学规划的原则，在加大水土流失治理力度的同时，加大对上游流域生活及工业污水的治理力度。     

水电站建设对生态环境的影响及评价

概括了水电站的建设对水文过程、河流及下游湿地地貌、生物多样性、水质等多方面的影响,并对其生态环境影响评价的原则、评价标准及评价指标的选择等内容进行了总结。     

Integrated environmental assessment: an urban perspective

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基于STIRPAT模型分析中国环境压力的时间差异——以1952-2003年能源消费为例

人类活动已经显著地改变了全球环境,定量分析人类活动对环境的影响,是当前可持续发展研究的热点之一。分别采用能源消费总量和能源消费产生的污染作为环境压力的衡量指标,利用STIRPAT模型,以1952-2003年中国能源消费总量时间序列数据为例,分析人口数量、富裕度、能源强度和能源消费的选择行为等人类驱动力对环境压力的影响。结果表明:人口数量或能源强度发生1%的变化,将分别引起环境压力相应发生1.992%或0.777%的变化;随着富裕度的增加,富裕度对环境压力的弹性系数逐渐增加。在观测数据范围内,分析结果不支持环境Kuznets曲线的观点。在不同时期,人类驱动力对环境压力的作用存在明显的差异,人口数量和富裕度的增加对环境压力产生正效应;而能源强度的波动变化使得其对环境压力的作用有正效应,也有负效应。选择清洁能源的消费行为,有利于抑制以能源消费产生的污染为衡量指标的环境压力的上升。各种人类驱动力的净效应决定环境压力总体变化趋势。     

Recognition schemes in tourism—from ‘eco’ to ‘sustainability’?

Proliferation of voluntary instruments such as eco-labelling schemes and codes of conduct for tourism has been characterized by a strong environmental focus. This paper discusses the feasibility of creating recognition schemes that could address not only the ecological implications, but also the social and economic impacts of tourism activities.The analysis was performed by using a case study of the ‘Certification for Sustainable Tourism’ (CST), a labelling programme developed in Costa Rica, which was found to address not only environmental performance, but also cultural, economic and social impacts of tourism activities.     

A simplified matrix of environmental impacts to support an intervention program in a small-scale mining site

This paper describes a tool developed to evaluate environmental risks at a Brazilian artisanal small-scale gold mining site. The tool consists of a matrix used to determine the relevance of such risks through the classification of mining activities according to the likelihood that they may cause environmental impacts. The language and method are very simple, and thus appropriate for local stakeholders. It ensures their participation when developing a plan of action for intervention and training. When applied to a pilot site in the Brazilian Amazon, the matrix revealed the variables that pose higher environmental risks. These activities were subsequently addressed in a training program to promote better practices. As a result, the mining activities were improved by 28.8% when comparing compliance to environmental requisites before and after the training program. Specifically, the training program resulted in improved gold recovery, and reduced environmental and health impacts.     

An integrated approach to achieving campus sustainability: assessment of the current campus environmental management practices

Universities can nowadays be regarded as ‘small cities’ due to their large size, population, and the various complex activities taking place in campuses, which have some serious direct and indirect impacts on the environment. The environmental pollution and degradation caused by universities in form of energy and material consumption via activities and operations in teaching and research, provision of support services and in residential areas could be considerably reduced by an effective choice of organizational and technical measures. Although many environmental protection measures can be seen at some universities, but a more systematic and sustainable approach to reducing the negative impacts of those activities and making the campuses more sustainable, is generally lacking. Therefore, this paper proposes a framework of a more suitable approach to achieving campus sustainability that could remedy the limitations of the current environmental management practices in universities and ensures more sustainability through the integration of three strategies, namely: university Environmental Management System (EMS); public participation and social responsibility; and promoting sustainability in teaching and research.     

我国矿山生态环境现状及治理措施

矿产资源是我国社会及经济发展的重要支柱,但同时也带来了侵占耕地、生态破坏、环境污染、地质灾害等严重问题。文章对我国矿山生态建设现状及矿产资源开发利用引发的环境问题进行了概述,分析了造成矿山环境破坏的原因,及生态修复的主要措施,并指出未来需要解决的问题及发展趋势。     

The environmental and socio-economic impacts of mining on local livelihoods in Tanzania: A case study of Geita District

This paper reports the findings of a study undertaken to assess the socio-economic and environmental impacts of mining in Geita District, Tanzania. In addition to sampling community perceptions of mining activities, the study prescribes interventions that can assist in mitigating the negative impacts of mining. Marked environmental and interrelated socio-economic improvements can be achieved within regional artisanal gold mines if the government provides technical support to local operators, regulations are improved, and illegal mining activity is reduced.     

Quantifying energy use, carbon dioxide emission, and other environmental loads from island tourism based on a life cycle assessment approach

The main purpose of industrial ecology is to evaluate and minimize impacts from economic activities of human society. Tourism as one economic activity, results in a full range of environmental impacts, but few applications of industrial ecology to tourism management have previously been discussed. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is used in this research to explore environmental impacts of island tourism, and then the environmental loads per tourist per trip can be found. Penghu Island in Taiwan is taken as an example to examine this new approach. Various environmental loads in transportation, accommodation, and recreation activity sector are all inventoried and calculated here. In summary, per tourist per trip uses 1606 MJ of energy, 607 L of water, and emits 109,034 g of CO₂, 2660 g of CO, 597 g of HC, 70 g of NO_x. In addition, per tourist per trip also discharges 416 L of wastewater, 83.1 g of BOD, and 1.95 g of solid waste. In terms of energy use, the transportation consumes the largest energy (67%); in particular, the airplane sector. Moreover, per Penghu tourist results in more environmental loads than local people; for example, the amount of solid waste discharge per tourist is 1.95 kg per day, while that of per local people is 1.18 kg. Finally, the advantages and limitations of such LCA approach are also discussed.     

露天煤矿矿区生态资产负债核算技术方案

生态资产负债核算技术体系是施行生态环境管理政绩考核制度的必要科技支撑.目前生态资产研究在核算内容上注重生态资产流量评估而忽视生态资产存量损失计量,强调生态系统服务变化研究而对其变化原因探索不足,并且在研究技术手段上强调3S宏观技术手段而忽视微观生态要素调查和生态环境质量评价,因此尚不足以为地方政府生态环境管控绩效考核提供强有力支撑.针对露天煤矿开采所导致的严峻生态环境问题,将微观研究手段与宏观分析技术方法相结合,通过对比来分析核算时段起止年份生态资产存量的类别、数量、质量、空间格局,辨识矿区采矿作业、土地复垦、生态恢复等人类活动对生态环境的损益类型和特征;基于不同类别存量生态资产质量评价来判别其损益程度,进而划分生态资产负债核算类型区并探究其损益原因;以此为前提探索构建包括存量、流量及负债三部分内容在内的生态资产负债核算框架及技术方法,并采用直接法和间接法编制生态资产负债表.研究旨在弥补现有区域生态资产评估技术的不足,以为生态环境管理绩效考核提供更为客观、详实、可靠的资料数据为核心,倡导生态资产研究内容与方法的革新.