炼油化工污水处理中活性污泥膨胀原因分析

针对工业废水采用普通活性污泥法处理易出现的丝状菌型污泥膨胀,分析和总结出五种主要膨胀类型:低负荷型、低溶解氧型、营养缺乏型、高硫化物型、pH值不平衡型。对污泥负荷、溶解氧、污水种类、营养成分及pH值和温度的变化等因素对污泥膨胀中菌胶团和丝状菌生长的相互影响进行阐述,给出污泥膨胀理论,并对不同类型的污泥膨胀提出相应的控制方法。     

SBR法处理啤酒废水DO对丝状菌污泥膨胀的影响

溶解氧(DO)浓度是影响丝状菌污泥膨胀最重要的因素之一。选用具有代表性的啤酒废水为处理对象,研究了SBR工艺中DO浓度对丝状菌污泥膨胀的影响。结果表明:高DO浓度(4～6.5mg/L)不会导致丝状菌污泥膨胀;低DO浓度能引起丝状菌污泥膨胀,当DO浓度降低至0.4mg/L时,SVI升高到210mL/g,会导致污泥膨胀发生。低DO浓度下污泥膨胀发生后,在较高的DO浓度条件下运行一定的周期数后,污泥膨胀能得到有效控制,使污泥沉降性能恢复到正常水平。     

丝状菌性污泥膨胀的影响因素及控制方法

丝状菌性污泥膨胀是恶化处理水水质的重要原因。本文从水质因素和环境因素两方面分析了导致丝状菌性污泥膨胀的影响因素,介绍了由丝状菌引起的污泥膨胀的几种目前比较有效的控制方法。     

炼油污水处理中污泥膨胀与生产调控

针对炼油污水生化处理过程中常见的污泥膨胀问题,通过对A/O单元发生的丝状菌污泥膨胀现象、危害及原因进行深入研究分析,抓住引起污泥膨胀发生的关键要素为:气浮单元运行不当,营养比例失衡,污泥回流比不当,运行设备故障。在生产实践中采取一系列探索性的调控措施:应急处理,源头控制,污泥调理,维修更新设备和设施。有效控制了污泥膨胀,为炼油污水处理污泥膨胀的实际调控提供了切实可行的依据和指导。     

改良型氧化沟污水处理技术

由北京桑德环境工程有限公司开发的改良型氧化沟污水处理技术,适用于市政污水处理。主要技术内容一、基本原理Carrousel 2000型氧化沟在沟体内存在缺氧区和好氧区,但不能很好地满足缺氧区要求的充足碳源和缺氧条件,因此,脱氮效果不是很好,同时无法去除污水中的磷。改良型氧化沟是在Carrousel 2000型氧化沟的基础上发展起来的,在Carrousel 2000型氧化沟前置厌氧段,污水经厌氧、缺氧、好氧交替运行,可以达到同时去除有机物、脱氮和除磷的目的,而且在这种交替运行状况下,丝状菌不宜生长繁殖,因此改良型Carrousel 2000氧化沟基本不存在污泥膨胀问题。     

炼油厂活性污泥膨胀控制措施

生化法对进水的有机物负荷要求比较严格,当进水条件突变时,易使活性污泥中毒而失去活性,并发生污泥膨胀。而炼油废水受生产情况的影响,水质、水量变化很大,因此使得生化处理设施的运行很不利,时常发生污泥膨胀,使污泥沉降性能恶化。针对这一问题,分析了造成污泥膨胀的机理和水质情况,并提出了相应的控制措施。     

高硫化物型污泥膨胀的机理与控制

污泥膨胀问题一直是废水生物法处理过程中的难题之一。针对高硫化物型污泥膨胀，本文着重从硫化物和小分子有机酸的影响、溶解氧的限制、痕量金属的缺乏这三方面对膨胀产生的机理进行了分析，并对相应的控制方法加以讨论，供同行参考。     

间歇曝气法对AB工艺污泥膨胀的控制

以某污水处理厂发生污泥膨胀事故造成出水水质超标为例，介绍了AB活性污泥法发生污泥膨胀现象的原因、控制方法及处理过程。     

活性污泥法处理丙烯腈废水存在的问题及其控制措施

对活性污泥法处理丙烯腈废水的运行过程中存在的污泥膨胀、污泥上浮、曝气区产生泡沫及"死泥"等问题进行分析,深入剖析了产生这些问题的原因及影响因素,探讨了解决上述问题的控制对策。通过采取调控运行过程的水温、pH值、溶解氧等措施,可有效避免活性污泥法处理丙烯腈废水过程的污泥异常现象。     

石油烃类降解菌在不同矿化度下的生长规律及去油效果研究

研究了不同盐浓度含油废水中石油烃类降解菌的生长情况以及对原油的去除效果。实验结果表明:在盐浓度低于15%的石油烃废水中,降解菌生长旺盛,且数量大;在盐浓度为15%～25%的石油烃废水中有较多菌量,但数量已明显减少;在盐浓度为30%以上的石油烃废水中几乎无细菌生长。培养时间为13h时,去油率可达到55%;随着培养时间的延长,原油去除率趋于平缓。高盐度石油烃废水中生存的微生物在处理含油废水方面具有很大的应用潜力。     

CaCl2盐度对活性污泥性能影响的研究

针对某企业高含盐有机生产废水,采用传统活性污泥法,实验研究了氯化钙盐度对活性污泥性能的影响,分别研究了盐度对有机物的去除能力、活性污泥中微生物的耗氧速率、活性污泥的结构和沉淀效果及对菌胶团中微生物生态的影响。结果表明,当氯化钙盐度从0mg/L升高到40000mg/L的时候,废水中COD的去除率由92.9%降低到56%,活性污泥的耗氧速率下降,菌胶团的微生物种类也随之减少,MLVSS/MLSS下降,活性污泥中的无机成分增加,沉淀性能增强,菌胶团也更为致密。     

施用污泥堆肥对滩涂土壤理化性质的影响

污泥堆肥中富含有机质营养成分，可改良土壤，同时要防止重金属和病原菌等可能引起的污染。为评价污泥堆肥作为土壤改良基质的可能性，本试验系统进行了上海曲阳水质净化厂污泥堆肥／滩涂土混配土的理化性质分析。研究结果表明，污泥堆肥与滩涂土混配后，土壤pH、电导率、阳离子交换量等理化指标得到改善；营养得到补充，肥力提高明显；混配土中未见病原菌污染问题，污泥堆肥施加比例控制在30％（干重计）以内时，也不存在重金属污染风险，混配土可以满足农用要求。     

油田含油污泥处理工艺技术研究与应用

在石油和天然气开发过程中,会产生大量的含油污水及污泥,为避免含油污泥处理不当而影响油田生产和污染环境,中原油田有关技术人员结合本地特点,针对污泥的产生、特性、浓缩、脱水及最终处置等进行了大量的试验研究。实践表明:含油污泥处理技术的研究与应用在中原油田各污水站先后都取得了较好的效果,污泥处理的稳定运行,不仅较好地解决了污水处理设施的排污问题,保障了注水水质稳定达标,同时避免了污泥外排引起污染,有效地保护了油区环境。     

Study on the influence of additives in an industrial calcium fluoride and waterworks sludge co-melting system

This work explores the effect of additives on the pouring temperature in a waterworks and industrial calcium fluoride sludge co-melting system. Two kinds of sludge were mixed in various ratios to find a mixing ratio at which the operating temperature for subsequent additive tests was relatively low. Various proportions of either sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) or potassium carbonate (K2CO3) reagent were added to the mixed-sludge samples to elucidate the consequent changes in pouring temperature. The experimental results revealed that the pouring temperature was lowest when calcium fluoride was mixed with waterworks sludge in a ratio of 4:6 (w/w). Adding sodium carbonate or potassium carbonate reagent to the mixed-sludge samples further reduced the pouring temperature. Increasing the amount of sodium carbonate did not significantly reduce the pouring temperature beyond that observed when 2% was added, suggesting that 2% was the optimal additional percentage of sodium carbonate. In contrast, the pouring temperature was increased when over 2% potassium carbonate was added to the mixed-sludge samples, revealing that the optimal additional percentage of potassium carbonate was also 2%. These findings indicate that both sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate can be used as additives to increase the energy efficiency of the melting process, but sodium carbonate is more operationally convenient.     

Strength and durability characterization of pelletized coal–biomass household briquettes

Increase in waste sludge disposal is always seen as a problem from the point of production industry. However, it is clear that the reuse and recycle of sewage sludge could be a serious economic input. The most important action should be to determine the sludge characterizations and direct the producers towards appropriate reuse and recycling opportunities. In this study, reuse method was examined to produce coal briquette, which will constitute an example for waste sludge. In order to make use of the waste sludge, five different coal briquette samples were produced by mixing powdered coal and bitumen together with waste sludge, at different ratios. The overall results indicated that the sample named CB3 having 70% powdered coal, 20% waste sludge, and 10% bitumen was found to be the optimum coal briquette among the other samples produced. The proximate analysis of the optimum briquette sample was carried out according to the Turkish standards and regulations and it was found out that the produced briquette coal can have commercial value with a gross calorific value of 30.03 MJ/kg and 7.30% ash content.     

污泥沉降比在活性污泥法处理污水中的应用

炼油化工废水水量大,含有较高浓度的COD、NH3-N、硫、酚、石油类等污染物,活性污泥法具有运行稳定,耐负荷运行、成本低、维护方便和处理效果良好的特点。文章通过分析污泥沉降比与各因素之间的关系,得出:温度是影响沉降比主要因素,外界环境因素也影响污泥沉降比,污泥沉降比对维持曝气池稳定有重要作用,利用污泥沉降比可以调节剩余污泥排放量,控制污泥浓度;通过污泥沉降比的变化可以及早判断和发现污泥膨胀,及时做出工艺运行调整。     

Effect of nonylphenol surfactants on fungi following the application of sewage sludge on agricultural soils

The effect of nonylphenol on fungi following the application of contaminated sewage sludge on agricultural soil was studied in laboratory experiments. Nonylphenol bioavailability and adsorption were determined in the soil alone and soil-sludge mixtures. Mixing the soil with sludge made it possible to measure the nonylphenol concentration in the soil solution, which comprised between 6.6 x 10(-6) and 3.8 x 10(-7) M, according to the sludge. We then examined the dose-response relationship between nonylphenol concentration in the culture medium and both biomass production and germination rate of the spores from several strains of filamentous fungi. When applied in this range of concentration, nonylphenol was without noticeable short-term effect on these endpoints. Long-term exposure of fungi to nonylphenol was also assessed. The most intensive effect was a strong stimulation of spore production and germination in Fusarium oxysporum Schlechtendahl. Biomass production by the Fusarium strains also increased. Finally, nonylphenol was shown to induce laccase production in Trametes versicolor. We conclude that the potential of nonylphenol to adversely affect several soil fungi remains low.