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1.
养殖废水处理系统中微生物菌群结构及动态变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
采用高通量测序技术对养猪场废水处理系统的细菌群落组成进行分析,同时对细菌群落、污水水质和抗生素含量相关性进行分析.研究结果表明,污水各处理单元中的菌群结构存在显著差异,且细菌菌群结构随处理进程逐步改变,其中集污池与厌氧反应器的细菌菌群优势门类为Firmicutes、Bacteroidetes和Proteobacteria,曝气池的细菌菌群优势门类变为Firmicutes、Verrucomicrobia、Bacteroidetes、Proteobacteria和Candidatus Saccharibacteria,氧化塘的细菌菌群优势门类为Firmicutes、Proteobacteria、Chloroflexi、Euryarchaeota和Bacteroidetes.相关性分析结果表明,污水中的细菌群落与水质环境因子之间存在显著相关(P<0.05).其中,种属Acinetobacter、Bacteroides、Prevotella、Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis与COD、TN、NH4+-N呈显著正相关,Clostridium sensu strict、Methanothrix与TN、NH4+-N呈显著负相关,Petrimonas、Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis、Clostridium XlVa、Tissierella与磺胺甲恶唑、磺胺间甲氧嘧啶、强力霉素、土霉素呈极显著正相关,Acinetobacter、Bacteroides、Prevotella与恩诺沙星、四环素呈显著正相关,Prevotella、Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis与环丙沙星呈显著正相关,Clostridium sensu stricto、Petrimonas与氧氟沙星呈显著正相关.  相似文献   

2.
针对高泥质煤泥水难以自然沉降,难以机械脱水,研究出电石渣与聚丙烯酰胺联用处理煤泥水的新方法。该方法处理效果好,方法简单,药剂费较低,并且污泥比阻较小,可以采用机械设备进行脱水。  相似文献   

3.
建立了固相萃取-GC/MS法测定水中四乙基铅的方法。对固相萃取条件、气相色谱条件和质谱条件进行了优化,并对实际水样进行了测定。方法检出限为0.004μg/L,水样的加标回收率为71.5%~103.2%,精密度(RSD,n=6)为4.4%~11.6%。方法准确、灵敏可靠、干扰小、适应范围广,可以满足水中痕量四乙基铅的分析要求。  相似文献   

4.
    
This work aimed to study UV-resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, to propose a formulation of the kinetics of secondarytreated wastewater disinfection and to underline the influence of suspended solids on the inactivation kinetics of these strains. Someinvestigations were carried out for the validation of some simulation models, from the simplest, the kinetics model of Chick-Watsonreduced to first order, to rather complex models such as multi-kinetic and Collins-Selleck models. Results revealed that the involvedprocesses of UV irradiation were too complex to be approached by a simplified formulation, even in the case of specific strains ofmicroorganisms and the use of nearly constant UV radiation intensity. In fact, the application of Chick-Watson model in its originalform is not representative of the kinetics of UV disinfection. Modification, taking into account the speed change during the disinfectionprocess, has not significantly improved results. On the other hand, the application of Collins-Selleck model demonstrates that it wasnecessary to exceed a least dose of critical radiation to start the process of inactivation. To better explain the process of inactivation,we have assumed that the action of disinfectant on the survival of lonely microorganisms is faster than its action on suspended solidsprotected or agglomerated to each others. We can assume in this case the existence of two inactivation kinetics during the processes(parallel and independent) of the first-order. For this reason, the application of a new kinetic model by introducing a third factorreflecting the influence of suspended solids in water on disinfection kinetics appeared to be determinant for modeling UV inactivationof P. aeruginosa in secondary treated wastewater.  相似文献   

5.
优化了固相萃取与高效液相色谱串联质谱联用的分析条件,使之适用于检测长三角地区养猪废水和污泥中常见的11种兽用抗生素(包括4种四环素类、2种磺胺类、3种喹诺酮类和2种大环内酯类).该分析方法对养猪废水的平均加标回收率(n=3)为73.0%~105.2%,相对标准偏差为3.1%~10.2%;对污泥的平均加标回收率(n=3)为57.4%~104.6%,相对标准偏差为1.9%~10.9%.研究膜生物反应器中抗生素的浓度变化,发现废水中抗生素以四环素类和磺胺类为主,而污泥中以四环素类为主.反应器对废水中四环素类抗生素的去除率为85.2%,其中最主要的去除途径是生物分解(51.9%),其次是污泥吸附(33.2%);而磺胺类抗生素去除率为95.8%,几乎全部是依靠生物分解,污泥吸附很少.摇瓶实验结果显示,污泥中积累的抗生素未对活性污泥的有机物降解活性和硝化活性产生明显影响.  相似文献   

6.
通过对长春市新区1年的城市污水的水质特点进行检测分析,结果显示水量在4—9月波动剧烈;水温1—3月保持在6℃,7—10月上升至12℃;ρ(TN)在4月低于15 mg/L,1月高于30 mg/L;ρ(TP)稳定保持在1.8 mg/L;SS和COD通常保持在低浓度,分别在440,180 mg/L保持稳定,进入1月后,ρ(SS)和ρ(COD)分别急剧升高至4 157,1 363 mg/L。运用SPSS软件对污水水质指标进行相关性分析,显示污水水量与水温存在正相关性,SS与COD之间存在显著正相关。  相似文献   

7.
杨钊  李江  向福亮  李彦澄  马凯  谢锋 《环境科学》2020,41(5):2320-2328
为了解贵州某规模化养猪场废水处理过程中抗生素的污染特征及废水处理工艺对抗生素的去除效果,使用固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱仪(SPE-LC-MS)技术,对2家规模化养猪场(猪场A和猪场B)废水处理工艺各处理单元进出水中10种兽用抗生素的去除进行调查研究.结果表明, 2家规模化养猪场废水处理工艺对常规污染物(COD、NH+4-N、TN和TP)的去除率在88.10%以上. 2家养猪场废水处理工艺各处理单元进出水中均有多种抗生素检出,检出浓度范围在ND~120 842.74 ng·L-1之间.其中,主要的污染单体为磺胺间甲氧嘧啶(SMM)、磺胺对甲氧嘧啶(SMD)、土霉素(OTC)和氧氟沙星(OFL),最高单体污染浓度达120 842.74 ng·L-1(SMM).调查的10种抗生素在处理工艺中的去除效果较好,总去除率为99.23%~100.00%,在猪场A的废水处理工艺中,\"USR+2级A/O+消毒池+氧化塘\"组合工段能有效去除废水中残留的抗生素,其中对SMM、SMD和OTC的总去除率达100.00%;在...  相似文献   

8.
猪粪污厌氧发酵沼液SS、COD的混凝预处理效果研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过混凝沉淀试验,运用无机、有机高分子混凝剂对猪粪污厌氧发酵沼液进行预处理,考察其悬浮物(SS)和COD的去除效果,探索混凝沉淀工艺对降低该类沼液后续处理难度的可行性。研究表明,投加2.6 g/L混凝剂N可去除沼液SS为44.9%~67.6%,同时添加5.0 mg/L阳离子型助凝剂,SS去除率最高,并同时可去除COD为33.3%,添加阳离子型助凝剂对SS和COD的去除均具有较好的促进作用,混凝沉淀处理后沼液SS与COD呈极显著正相关,说明可通过对SS进行优化去除的方式进一步协同削减沼液COD。  相似文献   

9.
混凝剂的不同应用及控制条件   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
管锡 《环境工程》1998,16(6):26-28
本文列举了4个工程实例,说明了混凝剂的不同用途及控制条件。指出了水处理中,依据不同的机理,合理选择凝剂及组织全混的重要性,同时确定对应的PH值关系的重要性。  相似文献   

10.
为了研究电吸附水处理技术(EST)对污水悬浮物的去除效果,本文采用电吸附水处理技术对生活污水中悬浮物进行处理分析,结果表明电吸附水处理系统对悬浮物的去除效果较好,去除率达到74.07%,而电吸附模块本身对悬浮物去除率仅为14.29%,氯离子、进水中悬浮物的浓度及进水中的硬度值均对悬浮物去除效率没有影响。因此,电吸附水处理技术可作为污水处理的一种新型有效方法。  相似文献   

11.
含盐水体中酪氨酸的光致溴代反应研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
选取溶解性有机质中小分子酪氨酸(Tyr)作为研究对象,研究了含盐水体中Tyr的光降解及溴代转化.同时,探讨了pH值及天然水体中广泛存在的Fe(III)对Tyr光转化的影响.结果表明,汞灯照射下(λ290 nm),在含14.56 mg·L-1Fe(Ⅲ)的溴离子溶液中(pH=3.0),检测到Tyr(C0,Tyr=0.40 mg·L-1)反应0.5 h过程中产生了3-溴-酪氨酸(3-Br Tyr,15.97μg·L~(-1))和3,5-二溴-L-酪氨酸(3,5-di Br Tyr,10.45μg·L~(-1))两种溴代产物.在pH=3.0~8.0范围内,Tyr光降解速率随pH值升高而降低;3-Br Tyr和3,5-di Br Tyr的形成量随pH升高而减少;而在pH=3.0时,Tyr光降解速率、3-Br Tyr和3,5-di Br Tyr形成量随Fe(Ⅲ)浓度的增加而增加.这说明在自然环境中,Tyr能通过光转化形成溴代有机污染物.  相似文献   

12.
方韬  赵玲 《能源环境保护》2011,25(1):51-55,59
根据国家测试废水中悬浮物浓度的分析标准,在采用不同生产厂家生产的微孔滤膜(孔径0.45?m,直径50mm)测试煤矿矿井水时,常碰到比较清洁的水样容易出现负值的现象。通过对微孔滤膜的反复实验并深入分析,提出了如何改进"滤膜准备"的操作步骤建议,对更加真实反映水体中悬浮物浓度具有一定意义。  相似文献   

13.
根据淮南矿区矿井水以含悬浮物为主要污染物的水质特点,设计了一套矿井水悬浮物去除装置及配套加药系统,并在淮南矿区某煤矿进行了中试研究。结果表明:中试装置采用高效接触絮凝反应、斜板沉淀集成工艺技术,压力式进水和出水,依靠水力作用完成絮凝反应和沉淀过程。装置净化处理后水质能够满足煤矿井下消防、洒水对水质的要求,且运行稳定、效率高、空间体积小、能耗低。  相似文献   

14.
  总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Aquifer recharge,which uses urban stormwater,is an effective technique to control the negative effects of groundwater overexploitation,while clogging problems in infiltration systems remain the key restricting factor in broadening its practice.Quantitative understanding of the clogging process is still very poor.A laboratory study was conducted to understand surface physical clogging processes,with the primary aim of developing a model for predicting suspended solid clogging processes before aquifer recharge projects start.The experiments investigated the clogging characteristics of different suspended solid sizes in recharge water by using a series of one-dimensional fine quartz sand columns.The results showed that the smaller the suspended particles in recharge water,the farther the distance of movement and the larger the scope of clogging in porous media.Clogging extents in fine sand were 1 cm,for suspended particle size ranging from 0.075 to 0.0385 mm,and 2 cm,for particles less than 0.0385 mm.In addition,clogging development occurred more rapidly for smaller suspended solid particles.It took 48,42,and 36 hr respectively,for large-,medium-,and small-sized particles to reach pre-determined clogging standards.An empirical formula and iteration model for the surface clogging evolution process were derived.The verification results obtained from stormwater recharge into fine sand demonstrated that the model could reflect the real laws of the surface clogging process.  相似文献   

15.
沿江施工产生悬浮物对环境影响分析   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过对太仓港围滩吹填工程施工过程泥浆水的采样分析,研究涉及工程施工过程泥浆扩散和演变规律;进而评价吹填工程施工引起悬浮物的增加对水质、水生生物和鱼类的影响。  相似文献   

16.
文章建立了基于HLB固相萃取柱和气相色谱/电子捕获(GC/ECD)分析水体中有机氯农药的方法,并对方法的回收率、灵敏度进行了评价,同时分析了北京市燕山石油化工有限公司五个典型企业排放废水中有机氯农药的浓度,发现存在六六六(HCHs),滴滴涕(DDT)等有机氯污染物,在5个采样点的水样中有机氯农药的浓度为(0.76~14.8)ng/L,其中六六六、滴滴涕的含量分别为(0.76~10.5)ng/L和(4.89~14.8)ng/L.方法对有机氯农药的空白加标回收率达到74.6%~118.4%,方法检测限为(0.27~2.90)ng/L.  相似文献   

17.
污水处理厂中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素分析   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:8  
建立了基于HLB固相萃取柱和液相色谱分析城市污水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的方法 ,同时分析了北京市 4个污水处理厂进水与出水中邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的浓度。在四个污水处理厂的水样中共检出了 5种邻苯二甲酸酯 ,分别是DEP、BBP、DBP、DCHP和DEHP ,浓度在 0 .72~ 59.1 7μg/L之间。结果表明 ,曝气活性污泥法对大部分邻苯二甲酸酯类环境激素的去除效果很好  相似文献   

18.
首次提出一种新型循环冷凝萃取(CC-SPME)方法,并以乙硫醚为研究对象进行了分析检测。实验优选条件得出CC-SPME法的萃取时间,溶液加热温度和解吸时间分别为25min,75℃,4min。该方法的重现性,检测限以及回收率分别为7.54%,0.010mg/L,97%。实验表明,此方法的线性很好,而且与传统的浸入萃取法和顶空萃取法相比,具有更高的灵敏度。故而CC-SPME法是一种简单且灵敏的分析检测方法,值得做进一步探讨。  相似文献   

19.
In order to reduce the operation time and improve the extraction efficiency, ultrasonic energy by means of ultrasonic bath was used to the modified Tessier sequential extraction for speciation analysis of heavy metals in soil. Extractable contents of Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni,Pb and Zn were measured by atomic absorption spectroscopy(hAS). The merit of the ultrasonic extraction (UE) applied to the modified Tessier method is not only that the operation time for the first 4 fractions was reduced from ca. 18 h to 8 h, comparing with conventional extraction(CE), but also the extraction efficiency was higher. The results for both of UE and CE were consistent. The extractable Cu, Ni and Zn in the sample No. 1 were mainly associated with the third fraction (Fe-Mn oxides fraction), and fourth fraction (organic matter fraction) in the sample No.2. The extractable Fe and Mn were all mainly associated with the third fraction, and Pb the fourth fraction in both of the samples. The effects of concentration of hydroxylamine chloride on the capability for the extraction of studied metals were also studied.  相似文献   

20.
采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱(SPE-HPLC-MS/MS)法调查研究了10种典型抗生素药物在中国西南地区某污水处理厂中的含量水平、去除特点及其行为特征.结果表明,10种目标抗生素均能在污水中检出,其浓度水平在ng·L-1μg·L-1之间;在脱水污泥样中同样能检测出目标抗生素的残留,含量范围在(0.92±0.18)466.76±77.46ng·g-1之间,浓度最高的是阿奇霉素(以干重计,466.76 ng·g-1).目标抗生素在进水和出水中的总质量负荷分别为1.94 mg·(d·person)-1和807.17μg·(d·person)-1.质量平衡分析结果表明,生物转化或降解是其主要去除机制,对于喹诺酮类抗生素和阿奇霉素,污泥吸附也是相关的去除途径之一(污泥吸附占进水负荷的9.35%26.96%).  相似文献   

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