秸秆活性炭活化过一硫酸盐降解酸性橙7

将磷酸氢二铵((NH_4)_2HPO_4)作为活化剂制备秸秆活性炭(SAC),并用其活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO_4~-·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7).首先对活化前后的SAC进行FTIR表征,发现(NH_4)_2HPO_4活化后的SAC含氧官能团特征峰强度增强,可能有利于过一硫酸钾的活化.其次研究了活化剂浓度、SAC投加量、PMS浓度、初始pH、抑制剂对AO7降解效果的影响.结果表明,AO7脱色率随着活化剂浓度、SAC投加量、PMS浓度的增加而增加;同时在偏中性条件下,有利于SAC活化PMS脱色AO7;加入相同物质的量比(2000/1)的甲醇、叔丁醇、苯酚,55 min内AO7脱色率分别为88.4%、66.2%、13.4%,苯酚对反应抑制效果最好,表明SAC表面的硫酸根和羟基自由基在AO7脱色中起主要作用.最后通过紫外光谱扫描、气质联用(GC-MS)和TOC分析表明,AO7的偶氮键和萘环结构被破坏,生成含苯环类中间产物,最终矿化为二氧化碳和水,矿化率可达31.7%.     

活性碳纤维-过硫酸盐体系处理焦化废水生化出水的实验研究

采用活性碳纤维（ACF）活化过硫酸盐（PMS）深度处理焦化废水生化出水,并考察了PMS浓度、ACF投加量、pH值对焦化废水生化出水中COD和色度去除效果的影响.结果表明,ACF/PMS体系比ACF/PS体系更能有效去除焦化废水中的有机物和色度.在PMS浓度为8.0 mmol·L^-1、ACF投加量为4.0 g·L^-1、pH约为8.0、温度为30 ℃的条件下,反应120 min后焦化废水生化出水中COD和色度的去除率分别达到88.7%和91.2%.ACF表征分析和重复利用实验结果说明,ACF具有较好的吸附和催化性能,且重复使用稳定性较好.自由基鉴定实验表明,SO₄^-· 和·OH均为反应体系中起主导作用的活性自由基.三维荧光光谱显示,焦化废水生化出水中的类富里酸和类腐殖酸物质可被有效降解转化为小分子物质.     

Ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate by bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC catalyst for the degradation of Acid Orange 7 in water

Bimetallic Fe-Co/GAC （granular activated carbon） was prepared and used as heterogeneous catalyst in the ultrasound enhanced heterogeneous activation of peroxydisulfate （PS, S2O8 2-） process. The effect of initial pH, PS concentration, catalyst addition and stirring rate on the decolorization of Acid Orange 7 （AO7） was investigated. The results showed that the decolorization efficiency increased with an increase in PS concentration from 0.3 to 0.5 g/L and an increase in catalyst amount from 0.5 to 0.8 g/L. But further increase in PS concentration and catalyst addition would result in an unpronounced increase in decolorization efficiency. In the range of 300 to 900 r/min, stirring rate had little effect on AO7 decolorization. The catalyst stability was evaluated by measuring decolorization efficiency for four successive cycles.     

小分子有机醇强化过硫酸盐氧化水中二苯甲酮-3的研究

探究了小分子有机醇对过二硫酸盐(Peroxydisulfate, PDS)氧化降解二苯甲酮-3(Benzophenone-3, BP-3)的强化作用及反应机制.研究结果表明,4种有机醇(甲醇、丙醇、乙二醇和丙三醇)均在一定浓度范围内能有效促进过硫酸盐氧化降解BP-3,BP-3的降解速率随醇类分子碳链长度和羟基数目的增加而增加,增强效果依次为丙三醇>乙二醇>丙醇>甲醇.在低添加量时(21.9~350 μmol·L^-1),有机醇的添加增加了BP-3降解速率,但随着醇量的增加呈现出先增大后减小的趋势,例如丙三醇添加量从21.9 μmol·L^-1增加到87.6 μmol·L^-1,BP-3降解动力学常数从2.91×10^-4 s^-1提高到3.58×10^-4 s^-1,增加了0.23倍;但加入过多的醇却抑制了BP-3的降解,例如丙三醇添加量从87.6 μmol·L^-1进一步增加到350 μmol·L^-1,BP-3降解速率降低29.0%(2.54×10^-4 s^-1).反应温度也能有效促进醇的强化作用,温度从40 ℃升至60 ℃,添加丙三醇87.6 μmol·L^-1,BP-3的降解速率常数从6.84×10^-6 s^-1提高至6.69×10^-4 s^-1,提高了96.8倍.小分子有机醇主要是通过与·OH反应产生醇自由基,进一步激活过硫酸盐产生SO₄^·-,显著增加了SO₄^·-的产率,从而加速过硫酸盐降解BP-3的效率.     

Rapid decolorization of Acid Orange II aqueous solution by amorphous zero-valent iron

Some problems including low treatment capacity, agglomeration and clogging phenomena, and short working life, limit the application of pre-treatment methods involving zero-valent iron (ZVI). In this article, ZVI was frozen in an amorphous state through a melt-spinning technique, and the decolorization effect of amorphous ZVI on Acid Orange II solution was investigated under varied conditions of experimental variables such as reaction temperature, ribbon dosage, and initial pH. Batch experiments suggested that the decolorization rate was enhanced with the increase of reaction temperature and ribbon dosage, but decreased with increasing initial solution pH. Kinetic analyses indicated that the decolorization process followed a first order exponential kinetic model, and the surface-normalized decolorization rate could reach 2.09 L/(m². min) at room temperature, which was about ten times larger than any previously reported under similar conditions. Recycling experiments also proved that the ribbons could be reused at least four times without obvious decay of decolorization rate and efficiency. This study suggests a tremendous application potential for amorphous ZVI in remediation of groundwater or wastewater contaminated with azo dyes.     

氯离子对模拟太阳光活化过一硫酸氢钾氧化卡马西平的影响规律

研究了氯离子存在条件下模拟太阳光活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)催化氧化模型污染物卡马西平(CBZ)的效果及机理.结果表明,无氯离子存在时,光活化PMS在30 min内只能转化25％左右的CBZ;随着氯离子浓度的增加,PMS/氯离子光催化体系对CBZ的氧化速率也迅速增加.通过电子顺磁共振(EPR)测试、活性种捕获实验等方式确定...     

pH对过一硫酸氢盐湿法氧化去除甲硫醇恶臭气体的影响

以过一硫酸氢盐(PMS)作为氧化剂,利用化学吸收氧化法去除甲硫醇(CH3SH)恶臭气体.研究了p H(2~13)对CH3SH吸收过程、PMS氧化降解CH3SH过程的影响.结果表明,PMS不同于H2O2,在p H小于CH3SH p Ka(10.3)的弱碱性条件(p H=8~10)下,也可以有效去除CH3SH,而此时H2O2对CH3SH没有去除效果.可能的原因是,在弱碱性条件(p H=8~10)下PMS或可能产生的活性物种在气液相界面直接快速氧化CH3SH分子.     

预磁化强化ZnO@Fe3O4活化PMS降解AO7

为了研究预磁化对ZnO@Fe_3O_4活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)去除水中酸性橙7(AO7)性能的影响,考察了预磁化强度、ZnO@Fe_3O_4投量、PMS投量及初始pH对Mag-ZnO@Fe_3O_4/PMS体系降解AO7效果的影响.结果表明,当预磁化强度由0 T逐渐增大至2 T时,催化剂去除AO7的表观速率常数由0.0463 min~(-1)逐渐增大至0.1832 min~(-1),反应速率提高倍数达到1.4～4.0倍; Mag-ZnO@Fe_3O_4和PMS投量的增加对AO7的去除率均有提升效果,在最优条件下反应20 min后AO7的去除率达92%;体系初始pH对AO7降解有显著影响, pH为6～8条件下有利于Mag-ZnO@Fe_3O_4催化PMS氧化反应的进行.通过投加不同种类的猝灭剂,证实了AO7的降解主要是各种自由基共同作用的结果.经过预磁化处理后的催化剂产生感应磁场,从而影响了反应体系中自由基的复合概率,使得污染物被自由基氧化的速率提高.     

Fe2+和零价铁活化过一硫酸盐降解酸性橙7

采用环境友好的Fe~(2+)和零价铁(ZVI)作活化剂,活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)来降解水中酸性橙7(AO7).结果表明,在Fe~(2+)-PMS体系中,AO7的降解效果不佳,但通过添加适量的络合剂,AO7的去除率会大幅提高.ZVI在PMS存在下被腐蚀,并能够缓慢、持续不断地释放Fe~(2+).ZVI-PMS体系可以在比较宽泛的pH范围(3～9)有效、快速地降解AO7,并且在酸性条件下降解速率较快.淬灭实验结果显示,硫酸根自由基(SO_4~(·-))对AO7的降解起主要作用.除了Cl~-和高浓度(50 mmol·L~(-1))的NO_3~-能够促进AO7的降解外,其他水中共存的阴离子对AO7在ZVI-PMS体系中的降解具有抑制作用,而腐殖酸(HA)则无明显影响.AO7在超纯水中的去除率高于其他实际水体,但反应90 min后,污水厂出水过滤水和胶体浓缩液中的AO7去除率也可高达98.6%和87.6%,说明ZVI-PMS可能可以有效地去除含有较高DOC含量的污水中的AO7.利用GC-MS检测到辐照后溶液中有3种中间产物,推测主要是通过AO7偶氮键断键后的中间产物进一步氧化形成.此外,TOC在一定程度上降低,说明部分AO7被矿化.     

超声波协同活性碳纤维活化过一硫酸盐降解AO7

采用超声波(US)和活性碳纤维(ACF)协同活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO_4~-·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7).在US/ACF/PMS体系中,当ACF投加量为0.3 g·L~(-1),n(PMS)/n(AO7)为20/1,US功率密度为10 W·cm~(-2)时,反应30 min后,AO7完全降解.其中,初始pH对AO7降解有较大的影响,pH为2.0时AO7降解效果最好;Cl~-对US/ACF/PMS体系降解AO7有促进作用,Cl-浓度越高,AO7降解速率越快;且ACF在重复使用4次时,协同US活化PMS对AO7仍具有较好的脱色率.通过总有机碳分析发现,US/ACF/PMS体系对染料AO7具有一定的矿化率.采用紫外可见光谱、气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对AO7降解过程进行了分析,表明AO7分子中偶氮键及萘环结构均被破坏,并进一步矿化为CO_2和H_2O.     

LaCo0.5Cu0.5O3型钙钛矿活化过一硫酸盐降解AO7

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备LaCo_1-xM_xO₃（M=Cu、Fe、Mn）型钙钛矿并用来活化过一硫酸盐（PMS）降解偶氮染料AO7.选取效果最好的LaCo_0.5Cu_0.5O₃型钙钛矿为研究对象,考察了钙钛矿投加量、PMS浓度、pH和染料废水中常见Cl^-对LaCo_0.5Cu_0.5O₃/PMS体系降解AO7的影响,分析了体系的反应过程并考察了矿化能力.结果表明,LaCo_0.5Cu_0.5O₃可以有效活化PMS降解AO7,反应随着材料投加量和PMS浓度的增加而加快.在中性条件下反应速度最快,过酸过碱均会抑制反应的进行.在优化条件为LaCo_0.5Cu_0.5O₃投加量20mg/L、PMS浓度0.50mmol/L、AO7浓度0.05mmol/L时,AO7可在20min内完全降解.该反应主要发生在材料表面并且主要活性物种为·OH,对AO7具有优异的脱色能力和较好的矿化效果.     

超声/过一硫酸盐氧化泛影酸钠的效果和中间产物毒性

采用超声（Ultrasound,US）催化过硫酸氢钾（Potassium peroxymonosulfate,PMS）对离子型碘代X射线造影剂-泛影酸钠（Sodium diatrizoate,DTZ）进行氧化降解,考察反应温度、初始pH的影响,分析US/PMS氧化DTZ过程中的主要活性物质和中间产物,并采用毒理基因组学评估DTZ氧化过程中的毒性变化.结果表明,US/PMS对DTZ具有显著的氧化效果,与单独US、PMS相比,反应60 min,降解效率分别提高了18.5和1.6倍.DTZ的降解率随温度（15~45℃）的升高而升高,降解过程遵循准一级反应动力学,反应活化能E_a=21.98 kJ·mol^-1;pH=3.21和9.16~11.05时,DTZ的降解率较高.自由基抑制结果和EPR分析表明,O₂^-·和¹O₂是US/PMS氧化DTZ的主要活性物质.反应过程中IO₃^-和I₂的生成量随DTZ降解率升高而增大.HPLC/MS/MS共检测出10种产物,其中3种为脱碘产物.基因毒理组学分析表明,DTZ毒性随反应的进行逐渐增强.     

载银活性炭活化过硫酸钠降解酸性橙7

采用硝酸氧化的颗粒活性炭浸渍制备Ag/GAC活化剂,利用N₂吸附、 SEM、 FT-IR及XRD对Ag/GAC进行表征,得出Ag成功负载于颗粒活性炭上,并以Ag/GAC在常温常压下活化过硫酸钠(PS)产生硫酸根自由基(SO^－4 ·)降解偶氮染料酸性橙7(AO7). 考察了Ag负载量、 PS浓度、 Ag/GAC投加量、 初始pH对AO7降解效果的影响. 结果表明,当Ag负载量为12.7 mg ·g^-1、 n(PS) :n(AO7)为120 :1、 Ag/GAC投加量为1.0 g ·L^-1,降解180 min后AO7降解率达95.0%以上. 初始pH对Ag/GAC活化PS降解AO7有较大影响,pH为5.0时降解效果最优. 通过紫外可见光谱、 气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)对AO7降解过程进行了探讨,在降解过程中AO7的偶氮键和萘环结构均被破坏,并检测出主要降解产物有邻苯二甲酸和乙酰苯.     

Removal of airborne microorganisms emitted from a wastewater treatment oxidation ditch by adsorption on activated carbon

Bioaerosol emissions from wastewater and wastewater treatment processes are a significant subgroup of atmospheric aerosols. Most previous work has focused on the evaluation of their biological risks. In this study, however, the adsorption method was applied to reduce airborne microorganisms generated from a pilot scale wastewater treatment facility with oxidation ditch. Results showed adsorption on granule activated carbon (GAC) was an e cient method for the purification of airborne microorganisms. The GAC itself had a maximum adsorption capacity of 2217 CFU/g for airborne bacteria and 225 CFU/g for fungi with a flow rate of 1.50 m3/hr. Over 85% of airborne bacteria and fungi emitted from the oxidation ditch were adsorbed within 80 hr of continuous operation mode. Most of them had a particle size of 0.65–4.7 m. Those airborne microorganisms with small particle size were apt to be adsorbed. The SEM/EDAX, BET and Boehm’s titration methods were applied to analyse the physicochemical characteristics of the GAC. Relationships between GAC surface characteristics and its adsorption performance demonstrated that porous structure, large surface area, and hydrophobicity rendered GAC an e ective absorber of airborne microorganisms. Two regenerate methods, ultraviolet irradiation and high pressure vapor, were compared for the regeneration of used activated carbon. High pressure vapor was an e ective technique as it totally destroyed the microorganisms adhered to the activated carbon. Microscopic observation was also carried out to investigate original and used adsorbents.     

活性炭催化过二硫酸盐降解水中AO7

过二硫酸盐（persulfate,PS）活化技术是基于硫酸根自由基（SO 4^-.）的一种新型高级氧化技术.用颗粒状活性炭（GAC）常温常压下直接非均相催化PS来降解水中难生化偶氮染料AO7（acid orange 7）.结果表明,GAC/PS体系对AO7不但能够快速脱色,而且有较高的矿化率.n（PS）∶n（AO7）为...     

高级氧化联合生物活性炭工艺深度净化污水中PPCPs研究进展

污水处理厂传统的二级生化处理对药品及个人护理用品(Pharmaceutical and Personal Care Products, PPCPs)等新兴污染物的去除率较低, PPCPs随出水排放会给生态环境带来较大的风险,并会经过生物富集最终危害到人体健康,因此需要通过进一步的深度净化以削减其风险.本文综述了常见PPCPs在污水处理系统的分布特征及生态风险,阐述了高级氧化工艺(Advanced oxidation processes, AOPs)、生物活性炭工艺(Biological activated carbon, BAC)以及高级氧化联合生物活性炭工艺(AOPs-BAC)深度净化PPCPs的净化原理,在此基础上,综述了AOPs-BAC工艺对污水中PPCPs的深度净化效果及主要影响因素,并探讨了AOPs-BAC工艺对污水中PPCPs的风险削减能力,为污水中PPCPs深度净化工艺的研发及PPCPs的生态风险控制提供了参考.     

Activated carbon enhanced ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO. oxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation： Effect of activated carbon dosage and pH

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a commercial activated carbon（AC）in this work. The effect of AC dosage and solution pH on the contribution of hydroxyl radicals（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduced by tert-butyl alcohol（tBA） with low dosages of AC,while it was hardly affected by tBA when the AC dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone decomposition when the AC dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the AC dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indicate that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface both contribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is significant when the dosage of AC is low, whereas surface oxidation is dominant when the dosage of AC is high. The oxalate removal decreased with increasing pH of the solution with an AC dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate occurs mainly through surface oxidation in acid and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic bulk solution. A mechanism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation was proposed for AC enhanced ozonation of oxalate.     

A strategy for enhancing anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge: Driving anodic oxidation by adding nitrate into microbial electrolysis cell

Cathodic reduction of CO₂ and anodic oxidation of organic matters are crucial to methane-producing microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) applied in anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge. However, cathodic CO₂ reduction is usually restrained by slow metabolism rates of H₂-utilizing methanogens and low electron-capturing capacity of CO₂, which consequently slows down the anodic oxidation that participates to sludge disintegration. Herein, a strategy with adding nitrate as electron acceptor to foster electronic transfer between the anode and cathode was proposed to improve anodic oxidation. Results showed that the average efficiency of anodic oxidation in the nitrate-added MEC increased by 55.9%. Accordingly, volatile suspended solid removal efficiency in the nitrate-added MEC was 21.9% higher than that of control MEC. Although the initial cumulative methane production in the nitrate-added MEC was lower than that of control MEC, the cumulative methane production in 24?days was 8.9% higher. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis indicated that anodic oxidation of MEC with nitrate accelerated the disintegration of sludge flocs and cell walls. Calculation on current signal further revealed that anodic oxidation driven by cathodic nitrate reduction was the main mechanism responsible for the improved sludge digestion.     

活性炭纤维三维电极电催化降解水中间甲酚——效能及影响因素研究

探讨了以活性炭纤维作为三维粒子电极电氧化降解水中间甲酚的可行性与效果.首先对活性炭纤维的表面形貌,比表面积,孔结构和表面官能团情况进行了表征,发现活性炭纤维（ACFs）以单束纤维的结构交叉排列而成,比表面积较大（>1480m²/g）,另外发现活性炭纤维的表面存在较多官能团种类.结合活性炭纤维表征结果,论文对活性炭纤维三维电极的相关影响因素进行了考察,研究了活性炭纤维种类,活性炭纤维与电极的接触方式以及反应溶液初始pH值对实验结果的影响.结果表明,活性炭纤维表面过多的含氧官能团不利于污染物的快速降解,而三维电极电氧化效果随着pH值的降低而显著增大,不同的电极接触方式对三维电极电氧化效果也有较大影响.     

活性污泥低温氨氧化功能的驯化与潜力研究

以强化低温污水生物处理系统的氨氮(NH4+-N)氧化功能为目标,采用序批式活性污泥反应器(SBR),通过逐步提高进水NH4+-N浓度的方式,在(15±1)℃的条件下对城镇污水处理厂的好氧活性污泥进行了驯化培育,并就其对生活污水和高氨氮废水的NH4+-N去除潜力进行了测试.结果表明,在(15±1)℃下,好氧活性污泥经适当驯化可获得良好的氨氧化能力.在初始NH4+-N浓度为46mg·L-1左右时,其NH4+-N去除速率和亚硝态氮(NO2--N)生成速率分别可达54.26g·kg-·1d-1(以MLSS计,下同)和29.07g·kg-·1d-1(以MLSS计,下同)左右.对NH4+-N浓度为47.19mg·L-1左右的城镇污水,其NH4+-N去除率可高达85%以上.初始NH4+-N浓度分别为91.01mg·L-1和163.37mg·L-1左右时,其最高NH4+-N去除速率分别可达52.54g·kg-·1d-1和111.97g·kg-·1d-1,具有处理高氨氮废水的潜力.