不同栽植代数杉木林凋落物特性的比较

在全国杉木中心产区福建建瓯 ,选择不同栽植代数、不同发育阶段的杉木人工林 ,进行凋落物特性的比较研究 .结果表明 :不同栽植代数杉木林凋落物年产量有显著差异 ,表现出随栽植代数增加而减少的趋势 .不同栽植代数杉木林的凋落物组成、凋落动态及其分解速率差异不明显 .但杉木刚掉落凋落物与地面凋落物的分解状况存在明显差异 ,刚掉落凋落物的分解速率明显低于地面凋落物 ,而且刚掉落杉木凋落物的周转期高于地面凋落物 ,因此在杉木林地上随意选取凋落物样品进行凋落物分解试验 ,不能反映整个林分凋落物的分解状况 .图 2表 5参 2 4     

DNA甲基化结合蛋白

DNA甲基化是哺乳动物细胞中最重要的表观遗传学修饰之一, 大约70%—80%的CpG发生这种甲基化修饰.异常的甲基化在许多癌症中频发, 启动子CpG岛的高甲基化作为普遍的失活机制介导抑癌基因沉默.甲基化信号由甲基化结合蛋白来转译, 它们能够特异性识别并结合至甲基化位点通过募集辅阻遏复合物例如组蛋白去乙酰化酶(Histone Deacetylase, HDAC)等建立沉默的染色质, 从而在DNA甲基化和基因沉默中起桥梁作用.目前, 哺乳动物中已鉴定出的甲基化结合蛋白有三类, 分别是:MBD(Methyl-CpG-Binding Domain)、Kaiso以及SRA(Set and Ring finger-associated) 家族.本文就这三大家族(以MBD为主) 各自的结构、功能、结合甲基化DNA的特性以及它们在某些疾病发生中的作用做一综述.     

中华按蚊气味结合蛋白AsinOBP62基因的克隆、表达及与人体挥发物的结合特性

嗅觉系统在蚊虫追寻宿主、寻找配偶、选择产卵场所等行为中起着重要的作用,气味结合蛋白与气味分子结合是昆虫嗅觉识别的第一步生化反应.为研究中华按蚊气味结合蛋白在追寻宿主中的作用,通过反转录PCR (RT-PCR)克隆气味结合蛋白62 (odorant binding protein 62,AsinOBP62)基因,利用定量...     

高职《植物组织培养》课程实施工学结合人才培养的探讨

在对工学结合的内涵与特征概述的基础上,提出制定科学合理的课程培养目标和人才培养标准,制订工学结合的课程培养方案与课程教学计划,建设专兼结合的课程教学团队,建立高标准的校内外实习实训基地,健全规范化的工学结合课程管理体制机制等有关高职《植物组织培养》课程实施工学结合人才培养的基本思路.参4.     

甲磺隆结合残留对土壤酶活性的影响

为了研究甲磺隆结合残留对土壤酶活性的影响,将黄粉土(水稻土)经甲磺隆结合残留处理98天,检测土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶和蔗糖酶活性.结果表明,甲磺隆结合残留对土壤酶活性的影响不仅与甲磺隆结合残留处理浓度和培养时间有关,同时还与土壤酶种类有关.培养前期(第14天前),甲磺隆结合残留对土壤酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶具有抑制作用,而对土壤脲酶和蔗糖酶的影响则表现为低浓度时激活,高浓度时抑制;培养后期(第14天后),甲磺隆结合残留对土壤脲酶、酸性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶具有激活作用,在一定浓度范围内(0.050~0.281mg·kg-1)对土壤蔗糖酶也具有一定激活作用;就土壤酶而言,在污染早期,土壤过氧化氢酶对甲磺隆结合残留较敏感,可以作为表征甲磺隆结合残留土壤污染的生物活性指标.     

基于工学结合的《园林建筑施工技术》课程标准研究

工学结合人才培养模式要求高等职业院校在构建课程标准时以工作过程为导向、工作任务引领驱动,以职业综合能力培养为目的,通过课程标准的构建代替以往课程大纲的作用和地位．以湖南环境生物职业技术学院为个案,对园林工程技术专业《园林建筑施工技术》课程标准构建进行了研究和分析,突出对学生职业技能的培养,充分反映高职教育培养目标．表4,参5.     

环境样品中微塑料及其结合污染物鉴别分析研究进展

微塑料作为一种新型污染物,具有难以被彻底降解、在环境中分布广泛、易结合疏水性有机污染物和重金属等特性,已成为国内外学者研究的热点问题.近年来,微塑料在海水、淡水、沉积物、土壤和大气等环境介质中不断被报道,且数量不断增加,甚至在人口稀少的偏远地区均有微塑料的检出.微塑料尺寸较小极易被生物误食,微塑料及其结合的污染物对生态...     

小麦籽实中蛋白质-Cd,Pb结合形态及其稳定性

在体外消化酶模拟条件下,对小麦籽实中Cd,Pb蛋白质结合体的稳定性进行了研究。结果表明：小麦籽实中存在的表观分子量为54.5×103和5.5×103的蛋白质-Cd,Pb结合体,在体外胃蛋白酶和胰蛋白酶消化后,蛋白质结构发生变化。特别是分子量为54.5×103的Cd,Pb-蛋白质结合体不稳定,容易被胰蛋白酶分解,变成分子量为5.5×103的稳定的Cd,Pb-蛋白质结合体或更小的多肽。     

Ni2+金属结合肽的筛选和序列分析

利用噬菌体随机十二肽库对金属N i2 进行了结合肽筛选,经5轮生物淘洗、噬菌体扩增和DNA测序,获得8条多肽序列,分析发现其中富含组氨酸(4~6个/肽).结果表明,组氨酸的存在对蛋白质和金属N i2 的结合起着关键作用.图1表1参11     

紫羊茅根中铜结合肽的分离和纯化

利用１次ＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＧ５０凝胶过滤和２次ＱＡＥＳｅｐｈａｄｅｘＡ２５离子交换层析的方法,从最后６ｄ用ＣｕＣｌ２处理（ρ＝２０ｍｇ／Ｌ）、２０ｄ龄的紫羊茅（Ｆｅｓｔｕｃａｒｕｂｒａｃｖ．Ｍｅｒｌｉｎ）根中分离纯化了１个铜结合肽（ＣｕＢＰ２ａ）,该肽在ＳｕｐｅｒｄｅｘＰｅｐｔｉｄｅＨＲ１０／３０预装柱的ＦＰＬＣ凝胶过滤中在λ２５４ｎｍ处只出现一个峰,经分子量标准曲线估计,其Ｍｒ约为１４００,在ＤｅｌｔａＰａｋＣ１８的反相ＨＰＬＣ中,在λ２５４ｎｍ处也只有１个紫外吸收峰值,这都说明该肽已经达到了较高的的纯度．通过光谱分析,发现该肽的最大紫外吸收值在２４８．１ｎｍ处．对Ｃｕ结合物在植物体内的存在状态进行了讨论．     

土壤养分的空间变异性及确定样本容量的研究

从澄城、杨陵两地田块均匀多点采取的土样测定结果表明,土壤有机质、硝态氮、铵态氮和水分具有很大的变异性,这种变异性不仅表现在水平方向,也表现在垂直方向,但不同养分在垂直方向上的变异规律不尽相同。因此,在一定精度要求和误差范围内,相同养分在不同土层中的样品容量也不完全相同。只有根据误差理论确定出每层所需的样品容量,才能保证不同土层间的测定结果具有相互可比性。这一研究结果,对指导合理取样和决定样品容量,准确评价不同土层的养分含量,以及研究养分的动态变化等具有一定的参考价值。     

La—Gly—VB6对Pb—Cd复合胁迫下植物的影响

研究Pb-Cd复合污染对5种树木叶片的生理伤害和La-Gly-VB6对Pb-Cd污染胁迫的缓解作用。实验结果表明,La-Gly-VB6能明显减轻Pb-Cd污染造成的植物叶片叶绿素含量下降、质膜透性增加,过氧化氢酶活性改变和Pb富集量上升。说明La-Gly-VB6对Pb-Cd污染胁迫具有一定的防护作用。     

小型区域形状规整性对环境噪声测量误差的影响分析

本文通过对小型区规整性与环境噪声抽样测量误差的讨论,提出了区域形状的改变对抽样测量误差的影响状况。     

不同生态工程组合系统对南方水源地污水的净化效果

于2010年6月(丰水期)和11月(枯水期),对我国南方水源地农村生活污水处理系统(系统Ⅰ)以及农田排水处理系统(系统Ⅱ)的常规污染物和藻类进行调查,分析比较两个系统对常规污染物以及藻类的去除效果.结果表明,系统Ⅰ出水中的生化需氧量、化学耗氧量、总磷、总氮和悬浮物等指标均符合《国家城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB18918-2002)回用水要求,该系统中共监测出浮游植物6门53属74种,系统Ⅰ丰水期对藻类细胞总密度和叶绿素a的去除率分别为87.71%和58.87%,枯水期为95.73%和58.57%;系统Ⅱ出水中的生化需氧量、化学耗氧量、总磷、总氮和氨氮等指标优于《地表水环境质量标准》(GB3838-2002)Ⅳ类水标准,该系统监测出浮游植物6门48属66种,系统Ⅱ丰水期对藻类细胞总密度和叶绿素a的去除率分别为62.43%和72.25%,系统Ⅱ丰水期的藻类处理效果优于枯水期.对两个系统的水质净化效果进行比较,系统Ⅰ对总氮、藻类细胞密度、叶绿素a的去除效果优于系统Ⅱ,系统Ⅱ对氨氮的去除效果优于系统Ⅰ.两种生态工程组合系统的水质净化效果明显,能为南方类似水源地污水处理和水生生态态系统恢复提供技术支持.图3表2参33     

青岛春节期间大气颗粒物数浓度的变化特征

于2013年春节前后在青岛观测了不同粒径大气颗粒物数浓度,结合同期天气资料,探讨了雾、霾、降雨、降雪以及烟花爆竹燃放对环境空气中颗粒物数浓度的影响。结果表明,青岛环境空气中以〈1.0μm细颗粒物为主,对颗粒物总数浓度的贡献超过95%。雾霾天时,颗粒物数浓度明显高于晴天,尤其是细颗粒物数浓度升高显著,霾天时以0.3-1μm颗粒物的数浓度增幅最大,雾天时则以0.5-2.0μm颗粒物的数浓度增幅最大。降雨、降雪对颗粒物有一定的清除作用,其中对〉2.0μm粗颗粒物的清除作用最为明显。春节期间烟花爆竹的燃放对环境空气中〈1.0μm细颗粒物的贡献显著,所造成的颗粒物污染约为不燃放烟花爆竹时的3倍。     

Turbulence-Based Models for Gas Transfer Analysis with Channel Shape Factor Influence

Gas transfer through surface water of streams is an effective process for the environmental quality of the aquatic ecosystem. Several theoretical approaches have been proposed to estimate gas transfer rate. This paper is devoted to present a turbulence-based model and to compare it with other 3 turbulence-based modeling frameworks that provide an estimation of gas-transfer coefficient K_L at the air-water interface. These models were derived for the reaeration process. In this paper, they have been verified both for reaeration and volatilization using experimental data collected in a laboratory rectangular flume and in a circular sewer reach. These data refer to oxygen absorption and cyclohexane volatilization, respectively. Comparison of results for oxygen shows that the tested models exhibit an average absolute difference between their results and the experimental data ranging from 12.5% and 25.6%. Also, the scaling analysis of the experimental data support both small-eddy based models and the model proposed by the authors. Moreover, volatilization results show that the process is also affected by a channel shape factor, which was, finally, quantified.     

The Effect of Fragment Shape and Species' Sensitivity to Habitat Edges on Animal Population Size

Abstract:  Habitat fragmentation causes extinction of local animal populations by decreasing the amount of viable "core" habitat area and increasing edge effects. It is widely accepted that larger fragments make better nature reserves because core-dwelling species have a larger amount of suitable habitat. Nevertheless, fragments in real landscapes have complex, irregular shapes. We modeled the population sizes of species that have a representative range of preferences for or aversions to habitat edges at five spatial scales (within 10, 32, 100, 320, and 1000 m of an edge) in a nation-wide analysis of forest remnants in New Zealand. We hypothesized that the irregular shapes of fragments in real landscapes should generate statistically significant correlations between population density and fragment area, purely as a "geometric" effect of varying species responses to the distribution of edge habitat. Irregularly shaped fragments consistently reduced the population size of core-dwelling species by 10–100%, depending on the scale over which species responded to habitat edges. Moreover, core populations within individual fragments were spatially discontinuous, containing multiple, disjunct populations that inhabited small spatial areas and had reduced population size. The geometric effect was highly nonlinear and depended on the range of fragment sizes sampled and the scale at which species responded to habitat edges. Fragment shape played a strong role in determining population size in fragmented landscapes; thus, habitat restoration efforts may be more effective if they focus on connecting disjunct cores rather than isolated fragments.     

浅议商业银行信贷风险监管中存在的问题及对策

对商业银行国目前信贷风险管理中存在的问题进行探讨,分析了信贷风险监管及数据的时效性,贷款潜在的风险类型.其存在的问题有:贷款调查潜在风险的预警性不强、审批的指导与制约性不强、贷后管理缺乏监控的有效手段、信贷风险监管基础工作薄弱、信贷业务部门之间缺乏有机协调和沟通.对完善信贷风险管理工作提出了几点建议,必须严格落实信贷风险监管工作,在信贷风险管理工作中要做到准确认定信贷资产质量形态,落实质量监督员责任制,按期限法进行资产质量考核,建立信贷经营、审批、监管三部门定期例会制度,实现风险监管关口前移,增强风险管理工作的独立性.参6.     

高产施肥条件下水稻穗粒数与茎粗关系

在三个高产水稻课题的研究和推广过程中,研究了水稻的穗粒数与茎粗之间的关系,其关系符合直线方程Y=a＋bX。因此认为在水稻栽培中．必须培育茎秆粗壮的高产群体。     

Relative Importance of the Area and Shape of Patches to the Diversity of Multiple Taxa

Abstract: Although enhancing reserve shape has been suggested as an alternative to enlarging nature reserves, the importance of reserve shape relative to reserve area remains unclear. Here we examined the relative importance of area and shape of forest patches to species richness, species composition, and species abundance (abundance of each species) for 3 taxa (33 birds, 41 butterflies, and 91 forest‐floor plants) in a fragmented landscape in central Hokkaido, northern Japan. We grouped the species according to their potential edge responses (interior‐, neutral‐, and edge‐species groups for birds and forest‐floor plants, woodland‐ and open‐land‐species groups for butterflies) and analyzed them separately. We used a shape index that was independent of area as an index of shape circularization. Hierarchical partitioning and variation partitioning revealed that patch area was generally more important than patch shape for species richness and species composition of birds and butterflies. For forest‐floor plants, effects of patch area and shape were small, whereas effects of local forest structure were large. Patch area and circularization generally increased abundances of interior species of birds and forest‐floor plants and woodland species of butterflies. Nevertheless, only patch circularization increased abundances of 1 woodland species of butterfly and 2 and 6 interior species of birds and forest‐floor plants, respectively. We did not find any significant interaction effects between patch area and shape. Our results suggest that although reserves generally should be large and circular, there is a trade‐off between patch area and shape, which should be taken into consideration when managing reserves.